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1.
为掌握称重式降水传感器的液态降水观测性能,推进降水自动化观测进程,按照降水过程强弱,依照北京市观象台2011年春夏季降水观测数据的统计结果,对DSH1型称重式降水传感器与业务用SL3 1型双翻斗雨量传感器进行比较分析。结果表明：以SL3 1型双翻斗雨量传感器为参照,DSH1型称重式降水传感器的观测数据基本可靠,在小雨过程中,两种型号传感器的观测数据有较好一致性;在中雨及大雨过程中,DSH1型称重式传感器与SL3 1型双翻斗雨量传感器还有一定的差异,有待于进一步试验与研究。试验过程中,DSH1型称重式传感器曾有故障出现,仪器可靠性有待提高。 相似文献
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自记与自动观测降雨量的差异及相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004—2007年同时使用雨量计（自记）与雨量传感器（自动）观测的54站其中1年的平行观测日降雨量资料,通过对比差值、相关系数分析两者的差异及相关性。结果表明：双翻斗式遥测雨量计自记观测比双翻斗雨量传感器自动观测的日降雨量平均偏小0.12 mm,标准差为0.93 mm。虹吸式雨量计自记观测比双翻斗雨量传感器自动观测的日降雨量平均偏小0.39 mm,标准差为1.5 mm。自动观测降雨量对雨日有一定的影响,两者存在一定的系统偏差。双翻斗式遥测雨量计、虹吸式雨量计与双翻斗雨量传感器观测日降雨量的相关系数分别为0.996和0.994,虹吸式雨量计、双翻斗式遥测雨量计自记观测与人工观测降雨量的相关系数分别为0.98和0.95。 相似文献
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基于中国气象局气象探测中心《地面观测要素数字传感器测试评估》项目,利用中山国家基本气象站2016年6—10月的降水观测数据,以业务使用双翻斗雨量计作为标准参照,分别从月平均降水量、月降水次数、误报率和漏报率方面,对比分析测试项目的 4组称重雨量计与标准参照物的性能差异,同时通过建立线性回归模型,得到称重雨量计与双翻斗雨量计的相关性和差异性。结论表明:4组称重雨量计中,组1在数据可靠性、数据准确性方面都优于其他3组。由于数据缺失,在数据完整性方面差于其他3组。从探测设备的稳定性及数据的准确性方面分析,4组称重雨量计与双翻斗雨量计的相关系数均在0.85以上,但是双翻斗雨量计在大雨强的情况下较称重雨量计设备运行更稳定、数据更准确。广东地区强降水偏多,更适宜使用双翻斗雨量计。 相似文献
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利用南京市气象局在江宁布设的激光雨滴谱仪、称重式雨量计和翻斗式雨量计,整理2014—2018年期间2590h的降水观测资料,重点分析了Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪对降雨和降雪的测量性能。结果表明,与称重式雨量计结果相比,翻斗式雨量计测量的降水时数和累积降水量均偏低,激光雨滴谱仪测量的降雨时数偏低,但累计降水量偏高15.07%;激光雨滴谱仪能够有效跟踪降水强度的变化,但在雨强较小(2.5mm·h~(-1))时对雨强略有低估,在降雨强度较大(≥2.5mm·h~(-1))时对雨强有不同程度的高估,最大可达近50%,而且雨强越大,一致性就越差;翻斗式雨量计无法有效测量降雪;激光雨滴谱仪则可以有效跟踪降雪的变化情况,但是受到测量原理的限制,对等效降水强度则有不同程度的高估。从5年数据来看,没有发现随着激光雨滴谱仪安装时间的增长,性能变差的问题。 相似文献
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为更好地利用降水观测数据,充分发挥新型探测设备建设效益,选取海东市5个国家级地面观测站2016年6—9月份称重式降水传感器与翻斗观测降水量业务资料,探讨称重观测与翻斗观测降水量的差异,并进行相关性研究。结果表明:小时降雨量分析中,翻斗与称重观测方式对降雨判断的差异较小,出现差异时小时降水量介于零星降雨和小雨之间;称重观测与翻斗观测日降水量相关系数为0.9918,称重式观测比翻斗观测的日降雨量平均偏小0.54mm,均方根误差为1.22mm,56.3%的对比次数中,两者日降水量差值满足业务要求;两者在日降水量等级判断差异较小,在有明显降水时,称重式与翻斗在降水量等级上的差别很小。 相似文献
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DSC2型称重式降水传感器测雨性能的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更有效地利用降雨观测数据,充分发挥新型探测设备建设效益,文章对DS(2型称重降水传感器的测雨性能进行分析评估,选取北京市13个国家级地面气象观测站在2013年4—10月,称重式降水传感器与人工、翻斗观测降雨量的业务观测资料,分析称重与人工和翻斗观测在降雨总量、日降雨量等方面的差异。结果表明:在选取样本中,12个台站的总降雨量误差符合现行业务要求,三种测量在日降雨量等级判断方面基本一致。称重比人工观测的日降雨量平均偏小0.13 mm,日降雨量相关系数为0.9968,对应地,称重比翻斗观测的结果平均偏小0.17 mm,日降雨量相关系数为0.9983。 相似文献
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在雷达测雨和洪水预报中自适应卡尔曼滤波法的应用 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
采用自适应的卡尔曼滤波方法，运用少量雨量计对雷达估测降水进行了校正，结合新安江水文模型和GAME／HUBEX项目1998年在史灌河流域观测的水文资料，对6月28日08：00～7月5日20：00史灌河流域的一次洪水过程进行预报，并与雨量计网测量的面雨量预报结果进行对比。比较结果表明，经过校正后的雷达估测雨量和雨量计测量的面雨量都能较好地预报出流域出口蒋家集的洪水变化趋势、洪峰时刻以及洪水总量，雷达预报的结果同实际观测更加接近，而雨量计预报结果明显偏高。 相似文献
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翻斗式遥测雨量计,是我国新设计定型的雨量自记仪器,这种仪器既可作液态降水的定时测量,又能作降水量的连续记录,同时采用有线遥测,观测使用方便,测量精度为0.1毫米,在降水强度不大于每分4毫米时,误差不大于±4%。能满足气 相似文献
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采用单片机制作的翻斗式雨量计与传统的雨量计比较，由于它在数据记录方式上采用单片机技术的电可擦除存储器，因此具有具能实时记录降水、降水量测量精度度、人为因素少、野外观测免维护等优点。这一系统在气象、水文、海洋、农业等领域的野外观测实验中有着很广泛的应用潜力。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献