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1.
中国高空温度变化初步分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
利用全国1961～2004年134个台站的探空温度资料,对我国各高度层温度变化趋势进行了初步分析,并对比讨论了与地面气温变化的关系.结果表明,自从20世纪60年代初以来,我国对流层温度变化呈微弱减少趋势,整体温度下降速率为-0.06℃/10 a;对流层中下层温度表现出微弱增加,增温速率为0.05℃/10 a,比同期地面气温增暖趋势弱得多.1961年以来,我国对流层上层和平流层底层年平均温度均呈现明显下降趋势,变化速率分别为-0.17℃/10 a和-0.22℃/10 a.近25年来中国对流层中下层的温度呈现明显上升,增温速率达到o.25℃/10 a,与地面气温变化趋势更为接近.我国高空和地面温度变化结构的这一特点与全球或北半球平均情况大体相似.但是,20世纪60年代初以来对流层中下层与地面气温变化趋势的明显差别,以及最近20多年对流层中下层与地面的同步增温,仍然需要给出合理的解释. 相似文献
2.
《高原气象》2015,(5)
利用1975-2012年吉林50个地面气象站观测资料和3个探空站测风资料,对地面和0.5~40km高空风速的时空变化特征进行了分析,并分析了高、低空风速变化的原因。结果表明:吉林地面(10 m)年和四季平均风速均呈现中西部和东部近海区较大、东南部地区较小的空间分布特征;近38年吉林地面年平均风速平均每10年减少0.21 m·s~(-1),高于全国平均和大部分区域平均,大风区或大风季节的风速减小幅度最大;在1975-2012年期间,吉林高空风速随高度增加呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,对流层和平流层下层的夏季平均风速趋于减小,冬季平均风速趋于增加,而且冬季风速增加对年平均风速增加的贡献最大。大气环流系统对吉林地面和高空风速均有影响,城市化的发展、观测环境的改变减小了地面风速。 相似文献
3.
利用内蒙古自治区1963—2012年95个地面气象观测站的风速观测资料,分析该地区风速的时空变化特征,包括内蒙古年平均风速的变化特征、四季风速变化特征、不同区域风速变化特征,旨在揭示长时间序列的历史风速变化规律,为预测今后内蒙古风速变化趋势奠定基础,并进一步为内蒙古风能资源的开发与利用提供理论参考依据。结果表明:近50a内蒙古地区年平均风速呈现非常显著的减弱趋势(p<0.01),平均每10a减小0.24m·s-1,50a间四季平均风速由大到小依次为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季,风速平均值分别为3.81、2.93、2.90、2.84 m·s-1。四季平均风速的减弱速度介于-0.19^-0.29 m·s-1/10a之间,其中以春季风速减小最为显著,冬季、秋季次之,夏季风速减弱最缓。具体到各盟市:兴安盟、通辽市、赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟、乌兰察布市、包头市、阿拉善盟这几个区域的风速较大,年平均风速均在3.0 m·s-1以上,是风能资源的富集地区,尤其是位于中部的锡林郭勒盟和包头市的一些区域,年平均风速达5.0 m·s-1以上,风能资源蕴藏量最为丰富。风速变化趋势的空间分布结果显示:近50a间包头市和乌兰察布市风速减弱幅度最大,二者平均每10a风速分别减小0.36 m·s-1和0.38 m·s-1。 相似文献
4.
利用我国南极长城站1985-2013年地面气象观测要素,分析了气候特征及其变化趋势,将有助于我们对最近30年亚南极地区气候变化的认识。结果表明,年平均气温为-2.2℃,变化速率为0.07℃/10a,呈升高趋势但不显著。年平均气压为989.3hpa,呈下降趋势,速率为-0.19hpa/10a。年平均相对湿度为89%,变化速率为0.34%/10a,上升趋势不明显。年降水量为539.3mm,变化速率为32.5mm/10a,呈明显增加趋势。年平均风速为7.5m.s-1,变化速率很小,盛行风向为西北和东南2个方向。 相似文献
5.
利用1961—2010年库尔勒气象站年平均气温、年平均气压、年降水量、年平均地面风速、年沙尘日数、年沙尘暴日数及年日照时数等资料,分析了近50 a库尔勒市气候变化基本特征。分析表明:(1)近半个世纪来库尔勒市年平均气温上升速率为0.29℃/10 a,高于0.22℃/10 a的全国平均水平,与全球变暖的大背景相一致;(2)年降水量变化趋势不明显,但年际变率大;(3)年平均地面风速减小速率为0.25 m/s/10 a;(4)年沙尘日数、年沙尘暴日数都呈减少趋势,减少速率分别为14.3 d/10 a和0.77 d/10 a;(5)库尔勒年平均气压前期和后期较低、中期较高,年日照时数年际变化较大;(6)库尔勒的气温、年沙尘日数用Mann-kendall方法检验分别在不同年份发生了的突变。与同期相邻轮台站相比,年平均气温、年平均地面风速、年沙尘日数和年沙尘暴日数变化趋势存在明显不同,这可能和两地不同的城市化速度、绿程度有关。 相似文献
6.
城市化对石家庄站近地面风速趋势的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1972—2012年石家庄城市站和4个乡村站地面风速资料,采用城乡对比方法,对石家庄城市站地面风速序列中的城市化影响进行分析,结果表明,石家庄站年和季节平均地面风速和平均10 min最大风速的长期下降趋势,主要是由城市化因素引起。具体结论如下：(1)石家庄站年和四季平均风速、平均10 min最大风速和大风日数均呈极显著的减少趋势,年平均减少速率分别为-0.15 (m/s)/10a、-1.05 (m/s)/10a和-2.90 d/10a;乡村站年平均风速呈微弱下降趋势,年平均10 min最大风速减少较为明显,年大风日数减少趋势非常显著,减少速率分别为-0.02 (m/s)/10a、-0.21 (m/s)/10a和-2.19 d/10a。(2)石家庄站年平均风速下降趋势中的城市化影响为-0.13 (m/s)/10a,城市化影响非常显著,城市化贡献率达到86.0%。该站春、夏、秋、冬季平均风速变化的城市化影响分别为-0.16 (m/s)/10a、-0.10 (m/s)/10a、-0.13 (m/s)/10a和-0.15 (m/s)/10a,城市化贡献率分别为82.8%、87.6%、88.6%和85.4%。(3)石家庄站年平均10 min最大风速变化趋势中的城市化影响为-0.84 (m/s)/10a,城市化贡献率为79.7%;春、夏、秋、冬季平均10 min最大风速变化趋势中的城市化影响分别为-0.94 (m/s)/10a、-0.80 (m/s)/10a、-0.60 (m/s)/10a和-1.01 (m/s)/10a,城市化贡献率分别达到90.4%、78.6%、64.9%和79.1%。(4)城市化对石家庄站年大风日数减少的影响不显著,但冬季大风日数减少仍明显与城市化过程有关。 相似文献
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新疆东部地区风速的年代际变化及其成因 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用新疆东部5个气象站1960～2005年的大风、气温资料,结合国家气候中心下发的74项环流指数和NCEP／NCAR月平均再分析资料分析了新疆东部风速变化的特征。结果表明：①新疆东部地面风速分布特点是北部和南部戈壁地区大,巴里坤一伊吾盆地和哈密盆地小。不同地区风速的年内变化及分布特征基本相同;②1960—2005年年平均风速下降了0．94m·s^-1,减弱速率〉-0．2m·s^-1／10a。南部哈密市风速变化最大,变化速率达-0．46m·s^-1／10a,伊吾县的年平均风速变化最小,变化速率为-0．09m·s^-1／10a。哈密市夏季变化速率最大为-0．5m·s^-1／10a,46a下降了2．3m·s^-1,冬季最小,为-0．4m·s^-1／10a,下降了1．8m·s^-1;③全地区2．0—2．9m·s^-1级的风速出现频率最大,占22．04％,其次是1．0～1．9m·s^-1等级风速,出现频率占18．46％,3．0—3．9m·s^-1级风速出现频率为17．67％;④新疆东部风速变化主要和强冷空气、寒潮、沙尘暴等天气有关。20世纪80年代中期以后侵入新疆东部的强冷空气天气在次数和强度上明显减弱,这与大陆冷性高压和气旋活动趋弱有关,西风指数、极涡面积和强度及东亚大槽等环流因子与风速变化有着很好的相关性,也与城镇化或观测环境的变化等有关。 相似文献
8.
1961～2010年河北省地面风变化特征及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2015,(5)
利用1961~2010年河北省73个地面气象站风观测资料,结合NCEP/NCAR(2.5°×2.5°)月平均再分析资料和国家气候中心下发的环流指数,采用线性趋势拟合方法,分析地面风速的空间分布以及风速和最大主风向风频的时间变化特征,并对风速减小的成因进行探讨。结果表明:空间上风速呈东北西南向带状分布,依次有大、小、大3个风速带。年平均风速呈减小趋势,减小速率为0.207 m·s-1/10 a;3.0 m/s以下的风速日数呈明显增加趋势,8.0 m/s以上的日数呈显著减小趋势,3.0~8.0 m/s风速的日数没有明显变化趋势。代表站最大主风向为偏南风,最大主风向风频平均每年增加0.54 d。风速的减小与1980年代以后影响我国的环流经向度减小、西风指数增加有关,也与城市化效应的影响有关。 相似文献
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东亚地区一次切断低压引起的平流层、对流层交换数值模拟研究 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
用中尺度模式(MM5)模拟研究东亚地区(网格中心45°N,120°E)一次强切断低压过程(2000年4月8日～12日)引起的平流层、对流层交换.用Wei公式计算此次过程由平流层到对流层的净交换量为5.0×1014 kg,平均交换通量为-0.72×10-3 kg m-2 s-1.地面锋与高空锋的相互作用,在急流入口处和高空锋区出现对流层顶折叠,并引起平流层、对流层物质交换,其中空气的水平运动起主要作用.利用历史天气图统计东亚地区(20～70°N,80～180°E)切断低压的年平均个数为60,占北半球极区类型切断低压的52%.由此,推断东亚地区的平流层、对流层交换对整个北半球的平流层、对流层交换贡献很大. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献