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1.
利用白城市多普勒雷达资料，对白城地区出现的一次局地冰雹及局地暴雨天气进行分析，研究探讨这次局地强对流天气的多普勒雷达回波特征。 相似文献
2.
李庆 《高原山地气象研究》2003,23(3)
1994年7月17日04时至05时左右,产生在成都市新都县及青白江区的大风、冰雹雷达回波特征图为依据,分析得出:这次局地强对流天气过程是一次典型的超级单体冰雹云活动所致. 相似文献
3.
1994年7月17日04时至05时左右，产生在成都市新都县及青白江区的大风、冰雹雷达回波特征图为依据，分析得出：这次局地强对流天气过程是一次典型的超级单体冰雹云活动所致。 相似文献
4.
《青海气象》2014,(4)
针对2012年夏季发生在西宁地区的两次冰雹天气过程,从天气形势、物理量场和雷达回波特征、闪电定位特征等几方面进行了综合分析。结果表明:这两次冰雹天气均发生在典型的高空槽型环流背景下,较好的对流不稳定条件、水汽和较强的垂直风切变条件下。6月5日冰雹天气在整层湿度较大的环境下,受地形和局地热力作用,产生能量分布差异,由地面冷锋抬升触发产生。7月13日的冰雹天气在上干下湿的环境下,是暖区切变触发的局地强对流。应用雷达资料能很好地监测中尺度天气系统的发展演变过程,回波强度、回波顶高的变化和速度对的出现及雷达产品的应用对冰雹天气的出现具有指示意义,对今后的防雹减灾工作有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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6.
局地冰雹防御效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2000年5月22日一次局地性冰雹过程的雷达回波资料，对防雹作业前后的回波进行对比分析，结果发现，作业后强回波面积明显减小、高度明显降低。说明人工防雹作业能够有效地遏制雹云发展，减轻或防止冰雹灾害。 相似文献
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一次局地突发短时冰雹过程雷达回波分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用佳木斯雷达站的观测资料,对2010年8月12日清晨桦南县出现的局地突发短时冰雹云的初生、发展、成熟和消亡各阶段的回波演变进行了分析.重点讨论了这次过程中产生冰雹的对流单体回波特征,结合大尺度天气背景及相关雷达产品分析,揭示了此次局地突发短时冰雹天气发生的主要原因,并得出了对突发性冰雹天气的临近预报有参考意义的结... 相似文献
9.
文章应用新一代天气雷达资料,并结合天气图、T-logp图等资料,对发生于2011年6月13日内蒙古西部巴彦淖尔市东部地区的一次局地强对流天气过程进行了分析。通过分析雷达冰雹概率、垂直累积含水量、回波顶高、风暴追踪信息等产品以及自动站天气实况等发现,用于短时临近预报的雷达冰雹概率及风暴追踪信息产品在该次强对流天气过程中与天气实况并不能很好地符合。其原因:一方面与雷达对风暴的跟踪和SCIT算法有关,另一方面表明天气背景以及短时强对流天气所具有局地性特点在短时临近预报中未能充分考虑。通过该个例的分析,对于业务人员认识本地区的强对流天气发生特点并提高预报准确率具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
冰雹降自强对流单体的某些特定部位,如钩状或指状回波区内,范围仅几公里至几十公里,系小尺度天气现象,故只有用天气雷达才能对冰雹云进行监测。但是西北高原地形复杂,天气雷达的探测范围和质量受地形限制,加之通信传递的困难,影响雷达组网观测投入业务使用。同时一次区域性冰雹过程,其落区并不是随机分布的,而是出现在特定的地区和时间。分析表明,它是在一定的局地环境条件下 相似文献
11.
Measurements of the appropriate parameters for the calculation of the latent heat flux over a black spruce forest in northern Quebec were carried out in August, 1980. Values of the Priestley-Taylor parameter, , were derived by exploiting the Bowen-ratio-energy-balance (BREB) technique. Derived values of are then related to synoptic-scale warm air advection, derived from surface synoptic charts and tephigrams of the planetary boundary layer. It is found that when warm air advection is present, > 1.26, especially when the surface is wet. When advection enhancement is removed, however, values of approach unity. A new approach to calculating the latent heat flux, when warm air advection is present, is therefore proposed. 相似文献
12.
The gas and particle phase products from the reaction of -pinene with the atmospheric oxidants O3 and OH radicals in the presence of NOx were investigated using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identification and quantification of reaction products. The nighttime oxidation of -pinene in the presence of O3/air and the daytime oxidation of -pinene in the presence of NOx/air and natural sunlight were carried out in the University of North Carolina large outdoor smog chamber (190 m3) located in Chatham County, North Carolina. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer system (3936, TSI) and a Condensation Particle Counter (3025A, TSI) were used to study the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and a filter pack/denuder sampling system was used for simultaneously collecting gas and particle phase products for analysis. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-EIMS or GC-CIMS) was used for the identification and quantification of gas and aerosol products. A HPLC method was used for the measurement of small carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPH) derivatives. Mass balances for gaseous and aerosol reaction products were reported over the course of the reaction. More than sixteen products were identified and/or quantified in this study. On average, measured gas and particle phase products accounted for 57 to 71% of the reacted -pinene carbon. Measurements showed that a number of reaction products were found in both O3 and NOx systems (pinic acid, pinalic-3-acid, 4-hydroxypinalic-3-acid, 4-oxonopinone, 1-hydroxynopinone, 3-hydroxynopinone, and nopinone). Pinic acid, pinalic-3-acid, and 4-hydroxypinalic-3-acid were observed in the early stage in the aerosol phase and may play an important role in the early formation of secondary aerosols. Detailed reaction schemes are presented to account for most of the observed reaction products. 相似文献
13.
Aerosol optical properties over Beijing and Xianghe under several typical weather conditions
(clear sky, light haze, heavy pollution and dust storm) are derived from POLDER (POLarization and
Directionality of the Earths Reflectances)/PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for
Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) multi-directional, multi-spectral polarized
signals using a more reliable retrieval algorithm as proposed in this paper. The results are compared with
those of the operational retrieval algorithm of POLDER/PARASOL group and the ground-based AERONET (AErosol
RObotic NETwork)/PHOTONS (PHOtometrie pour le Traitement Operational de Normalisation Satellitaire)
measurements. It is shown that the aerosol optical parameters derived from the improved algorithm agree well
with AERONET/PHOTONS measurement. The retrieval accuracies of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and effective
radius are 0.06 and 0.05 mu m respectively, which are close to or better than the required accuracies (0.04
for AOT and 0.1 mu m for effective radius) for estimating aerosol direct forcing. 相似文献
14.
Two independent ice data sets from the Greenland and Labrador Seas have been analyzed for the purpose of characterizing interannual and decadal time scale sea-ice extent anomalies during this century. Sea-ice concentration data for the 1953–1984 period revealed the presence of a large positive anomaly in the Greenland Sea during the 1960s which coincided with the great salinity anomaly, an upper-ocean low-salinity water mass that was observed to travel cyclonically around the northern North Atlantic during 1968–1982. This ice anomaly as well as several smaller ones propagated into the Labrador Sea and then across to the Labrador and east Newfoundland coast, over a period of 3 to 5 years. A complex empirical orthogonal function analysis of the same data also confirmed this propagation phenomenon. An inverse relation between sea-ice and salinity anomalies in the Greenland-Labrador Sea region was also generally found. An analysis of spring and summer ice-limit data obtained from Danish Meteorological Institute charts for the period 1901–1956 indicated the presence of heavy ice conditions (i.e., positive ice anomalies) in the Greenland Sea during 1902–1920 and in the late 1940s, and generally negative ice anomalies during the 1920s and 1930s. Only limited evidence of the propagation of Greenland Sea ice anomalies into the Labrador Sea was observed, however, probably because the data were from the ice-melt seasons. On the other hand, several large ice anomalies in the Greenland Sea occurred 2–3 years after large runoffs (in the early 1930s and the late 1940s) from northern Canada into the western Arctic Ocean. Similarly, a large runoff into the Arctic during 1964–1966 preceded the large Greenland Sea ice anomaly of the 1960s. These facts, together with recent evidence of climatic jumps in the Northern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation, suggest the existence of an interdecadal self-sustained climate cycle in the Arctic. In the Greenland Sea, this cycle is characterized by a state of large sea-ice extent overlying an upper layer of cool, relatively fresh water that does not convectively overturn, which alternates every 10–15 years with a state of small sea-ice extent and relatively warm saline surface water that frequently overturns.Dedicated to Robert W. Stewart on the occasion of his retirement 相似文献
15.
Daniel E. Vasey 《Climatic change》2001,48(1):243-263
In this study two statistical techniques were used to assess buffers within the farm food chain in late preindustrial Iceland. Both methods arrived at similar quantitative assessments. The chain's tangible links were grass, livestock, and the human population, but it began with temperature, the primary determinant of grass yield and a proxy for grass yield in this study. The buffers were large in spite of the marginal nature of cattle, sheep, and horse farming in the subarctic climate, and the poverty of much of the population. One method of study involved comparison of livestock reductions and human population decrease in seven crises between 1784 and 1888, with attention to temperature data for crises after 1823, when continuous systematic meteorological observations began. The other method is time-series analysis using temperature observations, livestock counts which began in 1817, and several human demographic variables. The discussion focuses on likely buffers, notably alternative sources of winter fodder for livestock and of food for the human population. 相似文献
16.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of wet spells in Greece 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
Summary This study examines the characteristics of wet spells in Greece, using daily rainfall gauge data, over a 40-year period (1958–1997). The longest wet spells, computed for two different thresholds (0.1mm and 1mm), were observed in Western Greece and Crete, whereas the shortest ones were found in the central and south Aegean. A detailed analysis of the wet spells, dividing them into three classes, shows that on an annual basis their highest frequencies were observed in Western and Northwestern Greece. The seasonal results are also quite similar. The trends and the variability of the mean length of the wet spells were also analyzed. Negative trends were found in the case of the year-to-year analysis and during winter. Finally, this study presents an evaluation of two theoretical distribution models; the second order Markov Chains (MC2) and the Negative Binomial Distribution (NBD), by their adjustment to the empirical data. Both models can be used in the future for an estimation of the wet spells in the area under study. 相似文献
17.
S. H. Derbyshire 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,90(3):423-446
In the light of Large Eddy Simulation and other recent work, this paper discusses methods of stable boundary-layer modelling that are established in numerical weather prediction and potentially relevant to other applications, e.g., to dispersion. It is argued that classical scaling theory is best expressed in terms of the local Richardson numbers. The theory can then be extended to treat cases where classical assumptions break down. There are indications that Richardson number models with suitable boundary conditions can mimic, at least qualitatively, some features of the very stable boundary layer. Despite advances in research modelling, detailed observational validation remains essential. 相似文献
18.
雷电灾害被联合国有关部门列为最严重的十种自然灾害之一,中国国家电工委员会称其为“电子时代的一大公害”。江西是雷电灾害较严重的省份,全省年平均雷暴日为82．9d,每年因雷电灾害造成的直接经济损失达5000～8000万元,伤亡近百人。为减轻雷电灾害损失,迫切需要对雷电落点和强度作出预报。为此,文中根据雷电闪击发生的天气、物理成因,结合国内外有关研究现状,综合应用闪电、雷达、卫星以及中尺度模式、对流参数等资料,采用多参数集成方式,研制分县雷电落点概率和强度预报方法。经试报和实报,雷电有无预报的Ts评分为0．61以上,雷电强度预报均通过了α=0．05的χ^2检验。 相似文献
19.
The flow structure on a gentle slope at Vallon dOl in the northern suburbs of Marseille in southern France has been documented by means of surface wind and temperature measurements collected from 7 June to 14 July 2001 during the ESCOMPTE experiment. The analysis of the time series reveals temperature and wind speed oscillations during several nights (about 60--90 min oscillation period) and several days (about 120–180 min oscillation period) during the whole observing period. Oscillating katabatic winds have been reported in the literature from theoretical, experimental and numerical studies. In the present study, the dynamics of the observed oscillating katabatic winds are in good agreement with the theory.In contrast to katabatic winds, no daytime observations of oscillating anabatic upslope flows have ever been published to our knowledge, probably because of temperature inversion break-up that inhibits upslope winds. The present paper shows that cold air advection by a sea breeze generates a mesoscale horizontal temperature gradient, and hence baroclinicity in the atmosphere, which then allows low-frequency oscillations, similar to a katabatic flow. An expression for the oscillation period is derived that accounts for the contribution of the sea-breeze induced mesoscale horizontal temperature gradient. The theoretical prediction of the oscillation period is compared to the measurements, and good agreement is found. The statistical analysis of the wind flow at Vallon dOl shows a dominant north-easterly to easterly flow pattern for nighttime oscillations and a dominant south-westerly flow pattern for daytime oscillations. These results are consistent with published numerical simulation results that show that the air drains off the mountain along the maximum slope direction, which in the studied case is oriented south-west to north-east. 相似文献