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1.
利用江苏省1960—2000年13个测站逐日降水资料,分析了41 a来江苏省年、季、月雨日的时空特征和雨日的气候变化。结果表明,江苏省的年雨日已经明显减少,平均每10 a雨日减少10.4 d。各季的雨日都呈负趋势,平均每10 a季雨日减少2.6 d。而秋季雨日减少最明显也最多。雨日长期趋势变化有明显的空间变化。江苏省的年雨日东部比西部减少的多,东部雨日每10 a减少14.6 d。月雨日也呈减少趋势,尤以4月、9月明显。雨日的长期趋势变化与降水量的长期趋势变化并不完全一致,这种不一致表现在长期趋势变化的强度上、范围上。总的来说,雨日的负趋势变化要强于降水量,负趋势的范围也要比降水量来得广一些。 相似文献
2.
利用1961-2010年华东地区88个气象站逐日降水资料,采用趋势分析和突变检测等方法,研究了华东地区年、季、月雨日和降水量的时空变化特征.结果表明,华东地区年雨日和年降水量的长期趋势变化几乎相反,年雨日普遍减少(区域平均气候倾向率为-2.3d/(10a)),而年降水量除山东省外却普遍增加,反映年平均的日降水强度增加.季雨日与季降水量的长期变化较一致,秋季最相似;春季、秋季雨日和降水量都是大范围负趋势,但雨日的负趋势比降水量的范围更广、强度更大;夏季、冬季降水量在山东省呈减少趋势,在其他地区呈增加趋势,其中长三角地区夏季及江淮流域冬季的降水增加显著,而雨日在山东和福建是负趋势,其他地区为正趋势.年雨日在山东中东部、福建北部减少最多,这些地区一年四季雨日都是减少趋势,平均每10a减少3～5d.山东半岛年雨日在20世纪70年代末期发生突变,此后年雨日明显减少. 相似文献
3.
近50年黄河流域降水量及雨日的气候变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961-2010年黄河流域143个测站降水量和雨日资料,分析了黄河流域年、季降水和雨日的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)多年平均年降水量和年雨日空间分布特征均呈北少南多。(2)年降水量和年雨日变化趋势相一致,二者均呈减少趋势,年降水量负趋势的测站数达81.8%,年雨日负趋势达88.8%,即年雨日较年降水的减少趋势更显著。(3)在季节变化方面,除冬季外,春、夏和秋季的降水量和雨日都是负趋势,特别是秋季减少最显著。四季降水量通过显著性水平检验的负趋势站数从多到少依次为秋季春季夏季冬季,雨日则为秋季夏季春季冬季。(4)流域年降水和年雨日一致突变点为1985-1986年,其降水量及雨日减少主要原因是大气环流发生了变化,1986年以前黄河流域降水和雨日偏多是由于季风较强,使水汽得到有效输送和河套西北部的风向辐合造成的,而突变后降水和雨日减少与季风偏弱、缺乏有效的水汽输送和蒙古至河套的反气旋环流有关。 相似文献
4.
近40年来中国降水量、雨日变化趋势及与全球温度变化的关系 总被引：26，自引：10，他引：26
近40年来中国降水量的空间分布与相应时段的雨日数空间分布较一致;年降水量变化趋势主要呈现东北-西南向“＋、-、＋”分布型,其中以西部地区和长江三角洲的增加和华北及川东地区的减少趋势更加显著.对季降水来说,除了冬季降水量场表现为绝大部分地区为正趋势外,其它三季变化都较复杂;绝大部分地区年雨日数的趋势系数是负值,就是说雨日数总的趋势是减少的,全国范围内秋季雨日数明显呈现减少的趋势;夏季强降水日的平均频数介于0～11之间,最大值位于西南地区的西部,最小值则位于南疆地区;无论是降水量场还是雨日数场都与全球温度距平存在显著相关,只是后者的显著性水平高于前者. 相似文献
5.
华南雨日、雨强的气候变化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用华南110个测站1961-2008年逐日降水资料,通过EOF分析、功率谱分析和计算趋势系数等统计诊断方法,分析了华南年、前汛期、后汛期的雨日、雨强以及降水量的时空特征和气候变化.结果表明:华南年雨日以4.8 d/( 10 a)的速率明显减少,但前、后汛期雨日减少趋势不明显.华南年雨日长期趋势变化有明显的空间差异,在广西北部、华南沿海和海南,减少速率高达9～17.8 d/(10 a),其中海南的白沙减少趋势最为明显.华南年平均雨强以0.4 mm/(10 a·d)的速率明显增加,但平均雨强前汛期变化趋势不明显,后汛期明显.年雨强增加速率在海南、华南沿海和广西北部高达0.4～ 1.1 mm/(10 a·d),最大,出现在海南的五指山和三亚.华南降水量和雨日的长期变化趋势不相似,但与雨强的变化趋势大部分相似.小波分析表明:华南年雨日和降水量都有2～3年、3～5年两个显著周期,年雨强在2000年后有2～3年的显著周期.根据EOF分析,华南雨日、雨强和降水量主要有“全区一致型”、“东西差异型”和“南北差异型”三种分布型. 相似文献
6.
虹桥机场能见度变化特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以中国1960年前建站的595个气象台站1951/1952～2004/2005年冬季逐日降水资料为基础,采用面积加权平均法得到冬季全国和8个区(包括东北区、华北区、长江中下游、华南区、青藏高原、西南区、西北东部和西北西部)的平均降水日数距平与降水量标准化距平序列.通过对全国和区域平均距平序列以及全国各站的冬季降水日数和降水量的变化速率和趋势系数的分析,得出:近54年来中国冬季降水日数明显减少,降水量变化趋势不明显;东北区和西北东部的冬季降水日数减少趋势超过0.01显著性水平,而青藏高原降水量的增加趋势超过0.05显著性水平. 相似文献
7.
近48年西南地区降水量和雨日的气候变化特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1960-2007年西南地区97个观测站点的日降水量资料,研究分析了西南地区年、季节的降水量和雨日的气候变化特征。结果表明,西南地区降水量分布整体呈"东多西少"的分布形态,高值区位于四川盆地的雅安地区和滇西南区,且这两个地区也是四季中降水最多的。年雨日、春季雨日和秋季雨日呈东北—西南向的"偏少—偏多—偏少"型分布,夏季雨日呈"西多东少"型分布,冬季与夏季分布相反。近48年西南地区年降水量总体上呈弱的减少趋势,春、冬季的降水量呈增多趋势,而夏、秋季的降水量呈减少趋势,且夏季降水量存在着明显的准16年周期变化。雨日的季节变化趋势与降水量类似,夏季雨日呈明显的准17年周期变化。另外,中雨日和小雨日呈明显减少趋势,但暴雨日、大雨日均呈增加趋势,极端降水天气日益突出。 相似文献
8.
1948～2000年全球陆地年降水量场趋势变化的时、空特征 总被引：34，自引：2，他引：34
用全球陆地月降水资料(PREC/L),计算了1948～2000年全球陆地年降水量场的趋势变化.结果表明,在1948～2000年期间,全球陆地年降水量场有明显的趋势变化,全球大约2/3左右的陆地年降水量是负趋势(降水量减少),1/3左右的年降水量是正趋势,正负趋势面积及强度的差异在统计上是显著的.年降水量明显减少的地区是:热带非洲,加拿大的东南部及美国的东北部,中国的淮河以北,蒙古、俄罗斯的中、西西伯利亚及朝鲜、韩国和日本等9个地区.陆地年降水量增加地区是:加拿大的北部、南美的阿根廷及智利、格陵兰等6个区域.分别研究了36个纬圈的年平均降水量的趋势系数,指出有13个纬圈的年平均降水量的趋势变化达到0.05的信度的显著性,其中有1个纬度带(75～80°N)是正趋势.全球年降水量正趋势的范围是很小的,仅在70°N以北.初步研究了全球年降水量场趋势变化的原因. 相似文献
9.
近40年来甘肃省降水的变化特征 总被引：34，自引：10，他引：24
利用1960—2003年甘肃省59个测站逐日降水资料,研究了甘肃省四季和年降水量及雨日的气候变化特征。结果表明,平均年降水量和雨日的空间分布非常相似。河西和白银市的年降水量的趋势系数为正,省内其它地区为负;河西大部和甘南部分地区的年雨日的趋势系数为正,省内其它地区为负。线性倾向估计的结果表明,年降水量线性倾向值的零线基本以黄河为界,河西在增加,河东在减少,减少最明显的区域在徽县和康县盆地;雨日增加主要在河西西部偏南地区、沿祁连山的大部分地区及临夏以及甘南等海拔相对较高的地区,中部和陇东南的雨日在减少。雨日增多的地方降水量也在增加,反之亦然。全省年降水量和年雨日在1990年代均为低谷,而在21世纪初又都有上升趋势。降水量突变在1990年代中期;雨日突变河西在1960年代后期,河东在1970年代后期和1990年代中期。冬季降水量及雨日表现全省性大范围的增加趋势,秋季降水量及雨日亦呈全省性减少趋势;而春、夏季的降水量及雨日变化趋势则是地区性的。 相似文献
10.
以中国1960年前建站的595个气象台站1951／1952～2004／2005年冬季逐日降水资料为基础,采用面积加权平均法得到冬季全国和8个区（包括东北区、华北区、长江中下游、华南区、青藏高原、西南区、西北东部和西北西部）的平均降水日数距平与降水量标准化距平序列。通过对全国和区域平均距平序列以及全国各站的冬季降水日数和降水量的变化速率和趋势系数的分析,得出：近54年来中国冬季降水日数明显减少,降水量变化趋势不明显;东北区和西北东部的冬季降水日数减少趋势超过0．01显著性水平,而青藏高原降水量的增加趋势超过0．05显著性水平。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献