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1.
孙靖  程光光  黄小玉 《高原气象》2021,40(1):178-188
对2018年5 km分辨率中国地面气象要素2 m温度、10 m风速和24 h累积降水格点融合产品进行非独立和独立检验。非独立检验结果表明:(1)相比于站点观测,2 m温度格点融合产品整体偏暖,各月平均均方根误差在1℃左右,35℃以上高温和-20℃以下低温天气时均方根误差分别在1℃和2℃以上。(2)10 m风速格点融合产品可准确地描述0~2级风速,但对3级以上,特别是6级以上大风风速描述能力偏弱,主要表现为比实际偏小。(3)卫星-地面观测的二源融合和卫星-雷达-地面观测的三源融合降水格点产品在0~0.1 mm降水区间出现降水面积过大的现象;随着降水量级的增加,两种产品的均方根误差和平均偏差均随之增加,主要表现为降水融合产品的量级比观测偏小。相对而言,三源融合降水格点产品的准确性优于二源融合产品的。独立检验结果表明,三种要素的检验指标随时间或阈值的变化趋势与非独立检验基本一致,且更能表明格点融合产品与观测之间的偏差。主要是因为独立检验中使用到的观测均未参与格点融合产品的制作过程。综上所述,中国地面气象要素格点融合产品对一般天气描述较好,但在高低温、大风或强降水等极端天气时误差较大。  相似文献   

2.
利用四川省地面自动站2018年6月—2019年5月的逐小时降水观测资料,在邻近插值和双线性插值对比分析的基础上,从晴雨准确率、降水时空特征、降水分量级检验等多个方面,对国家气象信息中心研制的融合降水实况分析产品在四川地区的适用性进行评估分析。评估结果表明:(1)邻近插值和双线性插值对评估结果影响小。(2)融合降水实况分析产品的完整性好,其平均晴雨准确率为92.6%,对探测降水有无存在较大可能。(3)融合降水实况分析产品的数据质量较高,能反映四川区域年内小时降水的时空变化特征,且随着降水量级的增大,误差相应增大,TS评分相应减小,说明在弱降水量级,融合降水实况分析产品与观测降水更接近。(4)非独立检验的效果好于独立检验,盆地的检验效果好于高原、山区等复杂地区,说明参与评估的站点分布、数据质量对评估结果存在一定影响。  相似文献   

3.
利用陕西省99个国家气象站、1 894个区域气象站2021年3月1日00时—2022年2月28日23时(北京时)的小时降水量数据,采用相关系数、平均误差、均方根误差、晴雨准确率、降水分量级评估等指标,对国家气象信息中心研制的1 km、5 km降水融合产品进行质量检验。结果表明:(1)两套融合产品在陕西省的评估效果较好,1 km融合产品评估结果(相关系数为0928 1,平均误差为0000 8 mm,均方根误差为0236 2mm)优于5 km融合产品(相关系数为0892 2,平均误差为-0001 0 mm, 均方根误差为0335 3 mm);(2)两套融合产品对降水的有、无均反映较好,其中1 km融合产品的晴雨准确率为0959 0,5 km融合产品为0957 1;(3)小雨、中雨量级降水融合降水产品与观测值较接近,其他级别降水融合产品的TS评分随着降水量级的增大而降低;(4)两套融合降水产品能较好反映陕西区域内降水的时空变化特征,陕北地区平均误差、均方根误差较小,效果较好,关中南部及陕南秦巴山区的误差较大。  相似文献   

4.
选取汉中市2018-07-01和2019-08-09两次暴雨过程中新一代天气雷达数据产品的组合反射率因子和自动雨量计逐小时降水资料,建立随时空变化的动态Z-R关系,获得雷达估算降水场,分析其空间分布特征,并对不同等级降水的估算能力进行了分析。结果表明:(1)动态Z-R关系定量降水估算在两次暴雨中表现良好,能很好地反映地面降水的分布特征,对于30 mm/h以下量级降水,实测降水量和估算降水量的面积和落区均表现一致,其中20~30 mm/h短时强降水估算面积最准确,但对于30 mm/h以上量级降水,估算面积减小,值偏弱,无法反映出降水最大值落区。(2)随着降水量级增大,估算的绝对误差也同步增大。具体表现为小雨量级有明显的高估,中雨及中雨以上量级则有不同程度的低估。从相对误差来看,大雨和暴雨量级的降水估算精度高,估算值能反映真实值。  相似文献   

5.
基于2018~2020年云南省126个国家地面观测站逐小时降水资料,客观定量评估了国家气象信息中心研发的CMPAS二源融合和三源融合逐小时网格降水产品在云南地区的适用性。结果表明:两套融合降水产品均能较好地反映云南区域小时降水的时空变化特征,但都低估了实际降水量;三源融合降水产品在云南的适用性更强,对0.1~1.9mm量级的小时降水量预估偏大,且离散性较高,但随着实况降水量的增加,平均误差呈负值,降水量预估值偏小;三源融合降水产品能准确抓住云南省的过程性降水,在短时强降水导致滑坡泥石流的监测中具有一定优势。   相似文献   

6.
以地面观测小时降水数据作为基准,采用多种指标评估CMPAS_FAST_05、CMPAS_FRT_05、CMPAS_RT_01三种降水融合实况产品对广西受2020年台风"海高斯"影响的强降水过程的再现情况。结果表明:(1)CMPAS_FAST_05、CMPAS_FRT_05均能较好地反映台风降水过程中降水量级及强降水落区的变化趋势,产品与地面观测的相关系数超过0.92,晴雨准确率超过0.99,对中雨及以上量级的降水,TS评分随降水量级的增大而增大。(2)三种产品均存在低估大值降水的现象,CMPAS_FAST_05还存在网格降水缺测、出现孤立点强降水的现象。(3)质量上1km产品优于5km产品,三源融合产品优于二源融合产品。  相似文献   

7.
运用气象观测资料和GRAPES、ECMWF、SWCWARMS_9KM(简称SWC)模式预报资料,对冕宁“6.26”大暴雨天气过程模式预报性能进行检验。结果表明:(1)对于24 h累计降水预报,中尺度区域模式优势明显,量级与落区预报效果均为最好,其中GRAPES_3KM模式预报落区分布与实况重合度较高,暴雨及以上量级降水TS评分最高。(2)GRAPES_3KM模式最大小时雨强10 mm以上降水落区与实况大雨及以上量级降水落区匹配度最高,ECMWF模式24 h累计降水多物理量订正产品及短时强降水概率产品次之。(3)SWC及GRAPES_3KM模式24 h累计降水极值点相比实况略偏北,量级偏小。对于小时降水峰值出现时间,SWC模式偏早4 h,GRAPES_3KM模式偏早3 h。(4)GRAPES_GFS模式环流背景预报更接近实况,SWC模式能较好地预报出冕宁上空中尺度辐合系统的存在。   相似文献   

8.
CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
陈超  胡志群  胡胜  张扬  李珊珊 《气象》2019,45(1):113-125
对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。  相似文献   

9.
选取汉中市2018-07-01和2019-08-09两次暴雨过程中新一代天气雷达数据产品的组合反射率因子和自动雨量计逐小时降水资料,建立随时空变化的动态Z-R关系,获得雷达估算降水场,分析其空间分布特征,并对不同等级降水的估算能力进行了分析。结果表明:(1)动态Z-R关系定量降水估算在两次暴雨中表现良好,能很好地反映地面降水的分布特征,对于30 mm/h以下量级降水,实测降水量和估算降水量的面积和落区均表现一致,其中20~30 mm/h短时强降水估算面积最准确,但对于30 mm/h以上量级降水,估算面积减小,值偏弱,无法反映出降水最大值落区。(2)随着降水量级增大,估算的绝对误差也同步增大。具体表现为小雨量级有明显的高估,中雨及中雨以上量级则有不同程度的低估。从相对误差来看,大雨和暴雨量级的降水估算精度高,估算值能反映真实值。  相似文献   

10.
基于陕西省391个自动站逐小时降水量观测数据对国家级格点实况三源融合降水产品的适用性进行检验评估,结果表明:融合降水产品与站点观测之间的误差小、相关性高,但融合降水产品的标准差和极大值明显小于站点观测;相关系数较低的站点以区域站为主,国家气象观测站的效果明显优于区域站;误差时空分布和降水特征关系密切,在降水频次增多和强度增大时,融合降水产品相比站点观测的误差增大。将融合降水产品视为一种“预报”,站点观测资料作为“真值”进行分级检验,结果显示:融合降水产品可以较好反映有无降水,随降水量级增大空报率变化平稳,漏报率增长明显,导致TS评分逐渐下降。对典型个例的误差成因分析显示:融合降水产品可以较好地体现降水起止时间及性质、强弱演变趋势,但对雨强较大的区域性降水、分散性局地强降水表现欠佳。多种指标综合显示:融合降水产品小量级降水准确率高,对大雨以上量级降水强度有一定程度削弱;陕南秦巴山地的融合降水产品与站点观测偏差较大,应用中需特别关注。  相似文献   

11.
叶茵  余清 《贵州气象》2004,28(4):37-38
我局从1999~2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.  相似文献   

12.
13.
准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响   总被引:6,自引:5,他引:6  
张弘  陈月娟  吴北婴 《大气科学》2000,24(1):103-110
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式(SOCRATES)移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡(QBO)对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。  相似文献   

14.
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.  相似文献   

15.
由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.  相似文献   

16.
流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用   总被引:10,自引:8,他引:10  
高守亭 《大气科学》1987,11(3):263-271
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.  相似文献   

17.
The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.  相似文献   

18.
Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002  相似文献   

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20.
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...  相似文献   

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