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1.
利用1954－2007年天津市夏季逐时自记降水资料,分析了天津市夏季降水（包括逐小时降水量、降水频次、降水强度以及不同持续时间降水）日变化规律。结果表明：天津市一日内不同时次的多年累积降水量具有显著的日变化特征,呈明显的双峰型,高值分别出现在午后17时和午夜02时。逐小时降水强度与降水量的变化特征非常一致,而多年累积降水频次在凌晨02时至08时较高,之后至11时逐步降低,11时至24时变化不大。降水量与降水频次及降水强度的关系均达到显著性水平（P < 0.001）,但逐小时降水强度与降水量相关性明显高于降水频次,表明降水量变化与降水强度有直接的关系,而降水频次对累积降水量的贡献占较小的权重。持续不同时间降水事件的发生次数在一日内的变化特征明显不同,长时性降水峰值集中在清晨,而短时性降水尤其是1-3 h降水主要以午后为主。 相似文献
2.
极端强降水的检测是气候变化评估研究的重要内容,陕西地处南北气候分界线,探讨该区域的极端强降水变化特征具有重要的科学价值。基于1961—2011年陕西日降水资料,利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法,分析日最大降水量、日平均降水强度、夏季日最大降水量、夏季日平均降水强度、夏季强降水日数的时空变化特征。结果表明:全球变暖背景下,陕西极端降水的时空分布特征发生明显变化,年最大降水量和强降水发生频次均呈现增加趋势,并分别在20世纪70年代中期和20世纪80年代中期发生突变。陕北的强降水发生频次增加明显,关中和陕南的年最大降水量增加显著。夏季强降水的空间变化则较为复杂,陕北夏季降水强度呈现一致的增加趋势,而关中和陕南夏季降水的强度和频次在各县区之间的变化差异较大。 相似文献
3.
采用地面加密雨量计观测资料，以1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h等多个时间尺度分别评估了全球降水观测GPM （Global Precipitation Measurement）计划降水产品IMERG （Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM）对台风"妮妲"降水中小雨、中雨、大雨和暴雨等不同量级降水的估计能力，主要结论如下：（1）降水累积时长会影响IMERG降水产品的估计精度。随着降水累计时长的增加，IMERG与地面雨量计观测结果的一致性加大，相对偏差和偏差的随机性均减小；（2）降水累计时长1 h时，IMERG对不同量级降水的观测精度均存在较大偏差；（3） IMERG降水产品会高估小雨时地面雨量计的降水量，且低估小雨事件发生的概率，对于小雨等级降水的观测能力还有待提高；（4） IMERG能较好地观测到暴雨降水的空间分布区域，但对暴雨的估计量级会明显偏低。 相似文献
4.
应用国家气象信息中心基于地面雨量计的逐日降水分析产品CGDPA (China Gauge-Based Daily Precipitation Analysis)为基准数据,采用定量和分类评分指标分析了2014年9月—2015年8月中国大陆地区全球降水观测GPM (Global Precipitation M easurement)多星集成降水产品IM ERG (Integrated M ulti-satellite Retrievals for GPM)的精度。结果表明:1) IMERG日平均降水量能够较好地反映我国降水量的空间分布特点(局部地区偏低),季节平均降水强度的空间分布与CGDPA具有较好的一致性(尤其中东部和南部)。2) IMERG与CGDPA日平均降水量的相关系数在大部分地区介于0. 2～0. 5,只有少数地区超过0. 6,局部地区甚至出现负相关。3) IM ERG在中国大陆东部的降水估计精度明显优于西部,但东部绝大部分地区IMERG日降水量比CGDPA偏低10%～30%,甚至更低。4) IMERG与CGDPA降水概率密度相差最大的是微量降雨,其次是中雨,其他降水强度则相差很小。5)各季节IMERG探测降水的准确率POD都比较低,空报率FAR则比较高,临界成功指数CSI也比较低。 相似文献
5.
2008～2016年重庆地区降水时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008~2016年国家气象信息中心提供的0.1°分辨率的中国地面与CMORPH融合逐小时降水产品,分析了重庆地区的降水时空分布特征,尤其是小时强降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)年均降水量总体呈西低东高分布,大值中心位于重庆东北和东南部,且存在一定的季节性差异,特别是夏季,西部降水明显增强,总降水呈两高(西部、东部)一低(中部)的分布;降水频次、降水强度与地形的相关性较高,海拔高度较高的山区(海拔高度>1000 m)降水频次多大于盆地和丘陵区(海拔高度<1000 m),降水强度与之相反,且小时强降水多发生在迎风坡前侧的过渡区域,说明高海拔区域易出现降水,但降水强度不强,而地形抬升则是触发强降水的重要原因,导致山前降水明显大于山峰。(2)重庆地区降水主要集中在5~9月,降水量、降水强度和小时强降水频次均呈单峰型分布,峰值出现在6~7月,降水频次呈双峰型分布,一个峰值出现在5~6月,另一个峰值出现在10月,7~8月为低频期,与副高控制下的连晴高温天气有关。(3)重庆地区降水存在明显的日变化特征,降水以夜雨为主,且降水峰值出现时间表现为向东延迟的特征,重庆西部日峰值出现在凌晨02:00(北京时,下同),中部出现在清晨05:00,东北部出现在早上08:00。从不同季节来看,春季、秋季和冬季降水日变化呈单峰型分布,主要集中在清晨,而夏季受午后局地对流性天气的影响,在下午17:00左右存在一个次峰值。(4)强降水的主要集中在夏季,在空间上存在三个大值中心,受西南涡及地形的相互作用,夏季在缙云山以西的盆地区域,小时强降水频次明显较高。 相似文献
6.
《贵州气象》2016,(5)
利用遵义市14个气象观测站2005—2015年逐时降水资料,从逐时降水量、降水频次、降水强度、降水昼夜分配等方面分析了遵义市降水日变化的基本特征。结果表明:降水量、降水频次和降水强度都主要集中在夜间,其中春、秋季降水日变化特征较为统一,夜间降水量级、频次和强度都明显多于白天;而冬季降水日变化总体不大,夏季降水日变化则表现为多波动性。遵义市夜雨特征显著,60%以上的降水出现在夜间,其中春季夜雨比率最大,其次是冬季,再次是秋季,而夏季夜雨表现并不十分明显,夜间降水量和降水频次占全天的合计比率冬、春、夏、秋季全市平均分别为68%、77%、54%、63%。降水量日变化与降水频次关系密切,受降水强度的影响次之。 相似文献
7.
采用15个常规气象站1961-2010年逐日降水数据资料,分析了北京地区降水量、降水日数和降水强度的变化趋势,包括年和各季节的总降水量和降水日数,不同降水级别降水量、降水日数和降水强度变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明：在近50年内,北京地区平均年降水量和年降水日数、年降水强度均呈下降趋势;各季节中,夏季的降水量呈明显下降趋势,春季降水日数略有增加,夏季略有减少;降水强度在春季增大和夏季减小趋势明显;小雨雨量变化不明显,中雨雨量呈增加趋势,大雨和暴雨雨量呈明显降低趋势;小雨降雨日数略呈减小趋势,中雨降水日数呈显著增加趋势,大雨和暴雨降水日数呈较明显降低趋势;小雨降水强度略呈上升趋势,而大雨和暴雨的降水强度呈明显的降低趋势。 相似文献
8.
利用北京地区20个国家站1980～2020年的长期逐时降水资料,分析了北京夏季降水的基本气候特征和日变化时空分布特征。结果表明:（1）北京地区夏季40年平均降水量分布具有西北山区小,平原大,山区向平原过渡区的迎风坡最大的特点;降水频率则相反,平原降水频率整体小于山区;降水强度整体表现为西北弱,东部强,城区与南部居中的特点。北京夏季降水的强度和极端性较强,致灾风险高。（2）北京夏季平均降水量日变化主体呈单峰型,降水频次为双峰型,降水强度为多峰型,三者同时在22时（北京时,下同）达到最大,在12时最小。（3）降水的峰值时间随月份依次后推,6月最早,7月次之,8月最晚;峰值雨量7月最大,8月次之,6月最小。（4）降水量、降水频率和降水强度的日峰值空间分布具有较强的一致性,西北山区四站出现在20时以前,其余16站出现在20时及以后。使用K均值聚类算法将20站划分为两个区域,结果显示两个区域的降水量、降水频率和强度的日变化具有完全不同的分布特点。（5）近40年北京地区的降水结构在不断调整,短持续时间降水主导期和长持续时间降水主导期交替出现。2000年以前以小于6小时的短持续性降水为主,近15年大于6小时的长持续性降水明显增多。 相似文献
9.
利用高密度的中国国家级地面气象站逐时降水数据,系统分析和比较了中国大陆地区暖季降水量、降水频次和降水强度的日变化峰值位相的整体特征、空间分布差异及典型区域平均的日变化演变特征。研究指出,中国大陆暖季降水日变化峰值时间主要表现为下午、清晨、夜间3类典型位相,且整体而言降水频次的清晨峰值更凸出,降水强度以下午峰值为主。综合考虑降水量和降水频次的日变化峰值位相,发现中国大陆地区降水日变化峰值位相在空间分布上存在7个典型区域:下午峰值区(东北至华北山区、东南内陆地区)、夜间峰值区(四川盆地西部至云贵高原东部、华北平原西部贴近山地的区域)和清晨峰值区(华北平原东部、秦巴山区至华中西南部)各两个,以及傍晚至夜间峰值位相的青藏高原区。各典型区域内部具有较一致的降水量和频次的日峰值时间位相,而区域边缘或交界处降水量和频次的峰值位相则相反,主要是降水量的下午主峰值时段与降水频次的清晨主峰值时段的错位。从降水量、降水频次和降水强度的日变化的演变特征来看,午后峰值区、夜间峰值区和青藏高原的傍晚至夜间峰值区的多数台站,都存在降水量位相滞后于降水强度而超前于降水频次的特征,这应是降水演变过程中时间演变不对称性和对流云系发展演变的具体表现。 相似文献
10.
利用星载测雨雷达探测结果对夏季中国南方对流和层云降水气候特征的分析 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
本文利用热带测雨卫星(TRMM)上搭载的测雨雷达(PR)十年的探测结果, 对夏季中国南方对流降水和层云降水的气候特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:夏季中国南方层云降水频次较对流降水频次高出两倍以上, 而对流降水强度至少是层云降水强度的4倍; 就整个中国南方而言, 这两种类型的降水对总降水量贡献相当。日变化分析表明夏季中国南方大部分地区的对流降水主要出现在午后, 层云降水出现时间并不集中, 但这两类降水的频次日变化均显示了明显的地域性特征; 对降水廓线日变化的分析结果表明, 对流降水和层云降水廓线的日变化主要表现在“雨顶”高度的日变化, 即对流降水云的厚度有明显的日变化变化特征, 不同地区的降水廓线存在明显的差异。降水率剖面分析结果显示了对流降水的“雨顶” 高度日变化较层云降水剧烈, 降水率的日变化则相反, 且层云降水率的地域性特征更强。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献