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1.
大尺度加热与东西风带中不稳定扰动的激发 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
文中通过一些简化假定,得到了包括非绝热加热的一参数模式。导得加热存在下的正压不稳定的必要条件是β-d~2u/dy~2 q~2u S~2H/K=0,研究了大尺度加热对东西风带不稳定扰动及定常波型扰动的作用。结果指出,加热场对东西风带正压不稳定扰动的影响与加热和流场的相对配置有关。此外,大尺度加热可以在西风带激发出定常波型扰动,而在东风带只能产生衰减型扰动。激发西风带定常波型扰动的非绝热加热场的水平半径尺度,应大于L_c=(u/β)~(1/2)。最后还考虑了摩擦的作用。 相似文献
2.
四川盆地西部一次大暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规观测资料、地面加密观测资料、逐时云顶亮温TBB资料和1°×1°NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2010年7月24-25日四川盆地暴雨天气过程中尺度对流系统发生、发展的物理量特征和动力机制进行了分析.结果表明:(1)此次四川盆地西部区域性暴雨天气过程是由中-β尺度云团合并、加强所生成的中-α尺度对流系统造成的.(2)散度、涡度、垂直速度和相当位温的分布与对流系统的发生、发展较一致,特别是在中-α尺度对流系统强烈发展阶段有很好的对应关系,为中-a尺度对流系统的发生、发展提供了有利的动力和热力条件.(3)大气非平衡强迫对发生在四川盆地西部的区域性暴雨有较好的指示意义,是激发暴雨天气的动力机制.(4)暴雨发生期间降水造成的非绝热加热有利于强降水天气的维持. 相似文献
3.
大尺度凝结加热与中尺度位温扰动对冷锋锋生的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中导得简化的包括大尺度凝结潜热的半地转锋生模式，利用该模式讨论了大尺度凝结加热和中尺度位温扰动对冷锋锋生的影响，给出了锋生过程中各物理量的演变图。计算结果表明，大尺度凝结加热对冷锋锋生具有加强作用，增大锋生率，增大上升运动速度，缩小上升运动区的范围，使之更具有中尺度系统特征，使非地转越锋环流增强并发生倾斜，凝结加热和中尺度位温扰动的结合是锋前暖区多重雨带形成的可能机制之一。 相似文献
4.
非绝热加热对热带气旋非对称结构影响的数值试验 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
利用含非绝热加热强迫的正压涡度方程。将非绝热加热作适当的参数化处理。对初始对称 热带气旋作了一系列数值试验,结果表明：不仅β项、平流项在热带气旋非对称结构的形成中有重要作用,而且非绝热加热对热带气旋的非对称结构亦有重要影响,从而验证了非绝热加热是热带气旋非对称结构形成的一种可能机制的结论。 相似文献
5.
采用滞弹性近似下的二维滞流体动力学方程组，讨论了中尺度对称扰动的动力稳定性，得到其绝热情况下对称不稳定的判据条件。研究结果表明，相对于浅对流的情况而言，深对流情况下对称不稳定的条件更为苛刻一些。在考虑非绝热加热时，扰动增长率随其波长的变化会产生间断现象，中低层加热明显对中－β尺度扰动具有激发增长的作用，并且促使扰动向暖区传播，而中高层加热则具有一定的差异性。 相似文献
6.
非对称的非绝热加热对热带气旋移动影响的数值研究 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
采用中尺度数值模式（MM4）,以9414号台风为个例,应用卫星资料,引入非对称的非绝热加热,讨论其对9414号台风移动的影响。计算结果表明,引入与实况吻合的非对称非绝热加热分布后,该台风的路径预报和降水预报有明显改进,若同时考虑台风范围初始水汽场的非对称分布,这种改进作用尤为明显。从业务应用考虑,还构造了几种典型的螺旋状结构的非绝热加热计算方案引入模式的热力过程中,结果表明:不同螺旋状结构的加热分布对台风的移动有不同的影响,当选择与实况云系分布相近的螺旋状结构时,也可提高台风路径预报正确率,可应用于业务模式。 相似文献
7.
利用NCEP 1°×1° 6h再分析资料、位涡反演和数值试验方法,分离与不同物理过程有关的扰动位涡进行反演诊断．在此基础上移除模式初始场中包含的与不同物理过程有关的扰动位涡反演的平衡场进行敏感性试验．对2006年5月21—22日一次热带扰动系统北上在广东珠江三角洲地区引发的大暴雨天气过程进行了探讨。结果发现：对流层中低层与潜热释放有关的正扰动位涡是影响热带扰动形成、维持及发展的主要因子之一;与潜热释放无关的扰动位涡对副热带高压的形成和维持有重要作用,影响热带扰动系统的移动路径;边界层内的扰动位涡有利于南海热带洋面北上气旋性扰动的发生、发展与维持;中高层扰动位涡对气旋性扰动系统的直接影响很小;下边界扰动位温不利于气旋性扰动系统的形成、维持与发展。数值敏感性试验表明,初始场中包含的与不同物理过程有关的扰动位涡在暴雨数值模拟中有重要作用,它们不同程度地影响热带扰动的强度、活动路径的模拟．并影响暴雨强度和落区;与非绝热物理过程有关的扰动位涡很大程度上影响暴雨强度,而与非绝热物理过程无关的扰动位涡很大程度上决定暴雨落区。 相似文献
8.
一次梅雨锋暴雨过程中多尺度能量相互作用的研究I.理论分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文是讨论梅雨锋暴雨过程中多尺度能量相互作用问题的开始部分。为了分析梅雨锋暴雨过程中的多尺度能量相互作用,从z坐标系中的运动方程和热力学方程出发,把基本物理量分成大尺度背景场（>2000 km）、α中尺度（200~2000 km）和β中小尺度系统（< 200 km）分量,利用滞弹性近似,推导了大尺度背景场、α中尺度和β中小尺度系统三个尺度的动能方程和位能方程。能量方程中包含了各尺度动能之间的转换、位能之间的转换以及动能和位能之间的转换。动能方程主要包括各尺度动能之间转换项、动能输送项、水平气压梯度力做功项、垂直方向扰动气压梯度力做功项、浮力做功项、地转偏向力分量做功项以及摩擦力做功项。位能方程主要包括各尺度位能之间转换项、位能输送项、浮力做功项以及非绝热加热做功项。其中浮力做功项为位能和动能之间的能量转换项,是暴雨发生发展过程中比较关键的能量转换项。关于将能量方程用于梅雨锋暴雨过程中并且诊断能量相互作用影响暴雨发展和消亡过程的物理机制等问题,将在以后的研究中给出。 相似文献
9.
近四百年北半球气温变化的分析:EMD方法的应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用一个二维非弹性非静力的数值模式，讨论了初始扰动的尺度对于对称不稳定发展的影响。结果表明：虽然对称不稳定是β-中尺度的不稳定，但其不一定必须由β-中尺度的扰动来激发；由不同水平尺度的扰动所激发的倾斜环流有不同的特点；对称不稳定倾斜环流可能存在最小临界尺度；对称不稳定的发展存在最优扰动水平尺度，而扰动的垂直尺度对于对称不稳定的发展影响不大。 相似文献
10.
基于分片位涡反演方法,对2013年7号台风Soulik开展初始涡旋、背景环流对台风发展影响的个例研究。针对不同天气系统进行分片位涡反演,基于反演结果设计敏感性试验,确定影响台风发展的敏感初始物理量扰动,分析讨论与特定物理过程联系的扰动分量以及扰动大小对台风发展的影响。敏感性试验的结果表明,初始弱涡旋扰动中与潜热加热联系的风场扰动分量是决定台风发生发展的关键要素扰动,这一扰动分量的大小对台风路径有直接影响,同时能够直接影响台风云墙的建立,它的重要性表明第二类条件性不稳定(CISK)机制在此次台风过程中扮演了重要角色。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献