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1.
西北太平洋台风累积动能气候异常特征分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
黄丽娜  高建芸  孙健  武锦霖 《气象》2013,39(8):995-1003
应用美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)提供的热带气旋数据、NCEP再分析资料和英国Hadly中心海表温度资料,分析了年台风累积动能(ACE)异常年气候特征及气候背景.结果表明:年台风累积动能有明显的年际和年代际变化;ACE异常年份由于季风槽东伸的经度、越赤道气流通道和强度以及副热带高压位置的显著差异,造成台风频数、强度和生命史的差异;当5-8月赤道中东太平洋海温为正距平、西南太平洋海温负距平时,通过异常沃克环流和局部哈得来环流的下沉支向西北太平洋输送跨赤道南风,导致该年西北太平洋ACE增多,反之该年ACE减少.  相似文献   

2.
应用NCEP再分析资料,对2018年吉林省台风异常偏多的环流特征进行分析,主要分析赤道太平洋地区海温情况及尼诺区域海温变化情况.对台风活跃年份6-10月海温距平场分布分析发现,赤道及以北60纬度范围内海域海温整体均为正距平,形成3个明显正距平中心,海温异常偏高的气候背景有利于台风的形成和发展;分析2018年8月500hPa环流异常形势场,对台风活跃年份6-10月500hPa高度场合成资料与历年高度场对比分析发现,500hPa上40-60°N、60-90°E区域内高度场为负距平,西风带系统低槽强度偏强,中低纬度及海上为正距平,相应的高压系统强度明显偏强,整体形势即高低值系统均较历年偏强;对比分析2018年4-8月副热带高压的面积、强度、脊线和脊线位置,强度较历年明显偏强,脊线位置偏西,副热带高压西进北上和东撤南压幅度较大,调整时间长,对台风发展和移动均有一定影响.  相似文献   

3.
厄·尼诺影响西太平洋台风活动的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
李崇银 《气象学报》1987,45(2):229-236
在厄·尼诺年西太平洋(包括中国南海)台风活动偏少而反厄·尼诺年台风活动偏多的统计分析结果基础上,根据台风形成的条件,本文分析了厄·尼诺年和反厄·尼诺年西太平洋热带地区的大气环流和状态以及海水温度的变化。由它们的异常变化以及极为明显的差别,从而对厄·尼诺影响西太平洋台风活动作了较全面的定性解释。  相似文献   

4.
影响中国台风的气候特征及其与环境场关系的研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
分析了影响中国台风的气候特征,结果表明:5-11月是影响台风活跃季节,7-9月为集中期;1951—2004年影响台风的频数变化呈减少趋势,1970年代后期明显减少,近十年是影响台风频数最少的时期;近50余年影响台风中超强台风的频数减少显著;台风生成的源地有明显的年代际变化,1960年代-1970年代生成台风位置偏东、偏南,1980年代以后转为偏北、偏西。同时分析了影响台风与北太平洋海温及东亚夏季风环流的关系,认为北太平洋海温的年代际和年际变化与影响台风关系密切;影响台风偏多年和偏少年,其环流形势截然不同。  相似文献   

5.
利用1979—2012年西北太平洋热带气旋最佳路径资料,Hadley中心的海温资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,研究了夏季(6—10月)热带北大西洋海温异常与西北太平洋热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC)生成的关系及其可能机制。结果表明,夏季热带北大西洋海温异常与同期西北太平洋TC生成频次之间存在显著的负相关关系。热带北大西洋海温的异常增暖可产生一对东—西向分布的偶极型低层异常环流,其中气旋性异常环流位于北大西洋/东太平洋地区,反气旋异常环流位于西北太平洋地区。该反气旋环流异常使得TC主要生成区的对流活动受到抑制、低层涡度正异常、中低层相对湿度负异常、中层下沉气流异常,这些动力/热力条件均不利于TC生成。此外,西北太平洋地区低层涡旋动能负异常,同时来自大尺度环流的涡旋动能的正压转换也受到抑制,不能为TC的生成和发展提供额外能量源。反之亦然。  相似文献   

6.
李俊  邵俊年 《气象学报》1988,46(3):372-375
统计分析表明,强厄·尼诺事件发生后,热带和北半球气温将升高、气温上升较海温滞后2个季节。此外,夏季风主要系统(如副热带高压等)的加强也比海温增暖滞后1—2个季节。可见,厄·尼诺对夏季大尺度环流和天气异常可能有一定的影响。作者曾以1982—1983年厄·尼诺事件为例,分析了这两个夏季大气环流的主要特征,发现1983年热带副热带对流层上部南亚高压强,大洋中部槽(TUTT)加深;赤道东风急流减弱;副热带高压加强,热带大气平均温度升高等现象。进一步分析还发现,1982  相似文献   

7.
利用1979~2008年西南地区115个测站逐日气温资料和NCEP/NCAR R2日平均再分析资料,通过相关分析和合成分析,讨论了高原冬季风季节内变化特征及其与西南地区冬季气温之间的关系。结果表明:高原冬季风指数和同期西南地区冬季平均的逐日气温呈反相关关系。高原冬季风偏强、偏弱时,对流层高层、中层、低层环流场分布形势均有显著差别,当高原冬季风偏强时,同期东亚冬季风偏弱,Nino3.4区海温偏高,对流层从高层到低层环流场形势均不利于西南地区冬季低温;当高原冬季风偏弱时,同期东亚冬季风偏强,Nino3.4区海温偏低,对流层从高层到低层环流场形势均有利于西南地区冬季低温。   相似文献   

8.
任广成 《气象科学》1989,9(2):207-211
本文首先分析丁夏季(6—7月)鄂海高压对东亚地区天气的影响,发现鄂海高压与我国东北地区、苏联远东地区夏季气温及日本和我国江苏省梅雨量相关较好。而后分析了鄂海高压与500百帕环流、西北太平洋海温的关系,揭示出前期10月鄂海附近地区上空500百帕高度场及前期11月西北太平洋海温距平场的分布型式对鄂海高压强弱的指示作用。最后还对厄·尼诺现象与鄂海高压的有关联系作了分析,指出厄·尼诺的当年鄂海高压的一般偏强,厄·尼诺的次年,鄂海高压多由强转弱的特点。  相似文献   

9.
近46年影响福建的台风降水的气候特征分析   总被引:17,自引:7,他引:10  
对1960~2005年46年间影响福建的台风降水进行时空分析,结果表明:影响福建的台风降水主要发生在5~11月,8月是台风降水最多的月份;自1960年以来台风降水整体呈下降趋势;在地域分布上台风降水由闽南沿海向闽西北内陆逐渐减小,最大台风降水出现在闽南和闽东北地区;台风暴雨是福建地区的极端强降水事件之一,台风暴雨频发区主要集中在沿海及闽西南地区;受福建山地地形作用山脉以东的台风暴雨发生的概率要大大高于山脉西侧地区.台风降水的异常与亚洲地区500 hPa大气环流和赤道东太平洋海温异常关系密切,它们可能主要通过大气环流的改变进而对影响中国台风北上路径起到调制作用,并最终引起福建地区台风降水的异常.  相似文献   

10.
厄·尼诺、南方涛动与瓦克环流   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
引言国外关于赤道太平洋海温的报告指出,1982-83年是一个强烈的厄·尼诺(El Nino)年,赤道东太平洋水温异常的高。而近年来许多研究都证明这种现象与广大太平洋以至南北半球很大范围的大气环流均有密切关系。因此人们都很关心厄·尼诺的发展及其可能产生的后果。为了对这种现象的发生发展及其与大气环流及气候的联系有一个比较系统的了解,我们对有关的工作做了一个初步的分析,这里进行综合的介绍。厄·尼诺厄·尼诺指厄瓜多尔、秘鲁沿岸出现的异常高水温。近年来的许多研究证实,它对低纬的大气环  相似文献   

11.
海温与中国黔东南季降水的相关分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用相关分析法分析了1960—2006年黔东南各季降水与海表温度SST的关系。结果表明:不同区域SST与不同季节降水的相关时间、相关程度有较大差异。印度洋B区和NINO W区SST对中国黔东南地区降水影响显著的月份较多,中、东太平洋SST与秋、冬季降水影响显著。春、冬季降水与印度洋B区和NINO W区SST相关最为显著;夏季降水与黑潮A区SST相关最为显著;秋季降水与中、东太平洋的NINO 3.4区和NINO综合区SST相关最显著。ENSO暖事件与发生年冬季和结束年秋、冬季以及结束年的翌年春、夏季降水关系较为密切,ENSO冷事件与发生年的冬季和结束年的秋季降水关系较为密切。  相似文献   

12.
The interdecadal variation of the association of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) with tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) and with the general circulation in the troposphere and lower stratosphere is examined using the ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses, as well as other observation-based analyses. It is found that the relationship between the QBO and tropical SSTA changed once around 1978–1980, and again in 1993–1995. During 1966–1974, negative correlation between the QBO and NINO3.4 indices reached its maximum when the NINO3.4 index lagged the QBO by less than 6?months. Correspondingly, the positive correlations were observed when the NINO3.4 index led the QBO by about 11–13?months or lagged by about 12–18?months. However, maximum negative correlations were shifted from the NINO3.4 index lagging the QBO by about 0–6?months during 1966–1974 to about 3–12?months during 1985–1992. During 1975–1979, both the negative and positive correlations were relatively small and the QBO and ENSO were practically unrelated to each other. The phase-based QBO life cycle composites also confirm that, on average, there are two phase (6–7?months) delay in the evolution of the QBO-associated anomalous Walker circulation, tropical SST, atmospheric stability, and troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature anomalies during 1980–1994 in comparison with those in 1957–1978. The interdecadal variation of the association between the QBO and the troposphere variability may be largely due to the characteristic change of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation. The irregularity of the QBO may play a secondary role in the interdecadal variation of the association.  相似文献   

13.
This study examines the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the frequency of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Korean Peninsula during the TC season, June through October, of the years 1951–2010. An ENSO year is defined when the seasonal mean of the NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is greater/less than the typical seasonal mean by 0.5°C. The overall results of this study support that ENSO does not affect the landfalling TCs in Korea; the mean frequencies of the TC landfalls (influences) during El Niño and La Niña calculated over the entire analysis period are 1.1 (3.3) and 1.2 (3.0), respectively. The variations in the basin-wide distribution of TCs show that the influence of ENSO on TC distribution is extended over southeastern Japan with no significant signals coming from over the Korean Peninsula and the East China Sea. The change in the intensity of the landfalling TCs in the Korean Peninsula due to ENSO leads to the same conclusion as that in the frequency of the landfalling TCs. In addition, the same conclusion is obtained when the TC season duration is expanded to include the entire year and when different definitions of the ENSO years (e.g., based on the preceding or following winter NINO3.4 SST anomalies) are selected for analysis.  相似文献   

14.
According to me lime cross-section or SSI in me equatorial eastern racing and me historical data on typhoon actions over the western Pacific (including the South China Sea), a composite analysis of the actions of typhoon over the western Pacific in El Nino year (SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific are continuously higher than normal) and in the inverse El Nino year (there are continuative negative anomalies of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific) is carried out. The results show that the actions of typhoon are in close relation with El Nino: The annual average number of typhoons over the western Pacific and South China Sea is less than normal in El Nino year and more in the inverse El Nino year; The annual average number of the landing typhoon on the continent of China bears the same relationship with El Nino; The anomalies of typhoon actions mainly occur during July-November and their starting are behind the anomaly of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Based on the generation and development co  相似文献   

15.
The overall skill of ENSO prediction in retrospective forecasts made with ten different coupled GCMs is investigated. The coupled GCM datasets of the APCC/CliPAS and DEMETER projects are used for four seasons in the common 22 years from 1980 to 2001. As a baseline, a dynamic-statistical SST forecast and persistence are compared. Our study focuses on the tropical Pacific SST, especially by analyzing the NINO34 index. In coupled models, the accuracy of the simulated variability is related to the accuracy of the simulated mean state. Almost all models have problems in simulating the mean and mean annual cycle of SST, in spite of the positive influence of realistic initial conditions. As a result, the simulation of the interannual SST variability is also far from perfect in most coupled models. With increasing lead time, this discrepancy gets worse. As one measure of forecast skill, the tier-1 multi-model ensemble (MME) forecasts of NINO3.4 SST have an anomaly correlation coefficient of 0.86 at the month 6. This is higher than that of any individual model as well as both forecasts based on persistence and those made with the dynamic-statistical model. The forecast skill of individual models and the MME depends strongly on season, ENSO phase, and ENSO intensity. A stronger El Niño is better predicted. The growth phases of both the warm and cold events are better predicted than the corresponding decaying phases. ENSO-neutral periods are far worse predicted than warm or cold events. The skill of forecasts that start in February or May drops faster than that of forecasts that start in August or November. This behavior, often termed the spring predictability barrier, is in part because predictions starting from February or May contain more events in the decaying phase of ENSO.  相似文献   

16.
We analyse the differences in the properties of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a set of 17 coupled integrations with the flux-adjusted, 19-level HadCM3 model with perturbed atmospheric parameters. Within this ensemble, the standard deviation of the NINO3.4 deseasonalised SSTs ranges from 0.6 to 1.3 K. The systematic changes in the properties of the ENSO with increasing amplitude confirm that ENSO in HadCM3 is prevalently a surface (or SST) mode. The tropical-Pacific SST variability in the ensemble of coupled integrations correlates positively with the SST variability in the corresponding ensemble of atmosphere models coupled with a static mixed-layer ocean (“slab” models) perturbed with the same changes in atmospheric parameters. Comparison with the respective coupled ENSO-neutral climatologies and with the slab-model climatologies indicates low-cloud cover to be an important controlling factor of the strength of the ENSO within the ensemble. Our analysis suggests that, in the HadCM3 model, increased SST variability localised in the south-east tropical Pacific, not originating from ENSO and associated with increased amounts of tropical stratocumulus cloud, causes increased ENSO variability via an atmospheric bridge mechanism. The relationship with cloud cover also results in a negative correlation between the ENSO activity and the model’s climate sensitivity to doubling CO2.  相似文献   

17.
海温气候平均场的改变及其对ENSO事件划分的影响   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
郭艳君 《气象》2003,29(1):39-42
比较了将于2003年1月投入我国海温监测业务使用的Reynolds海温1971-2000年气候平均场和原有系统中海温气候平均场的差别,并分析了7个关键区海温指数的变化,最后,以NINO3区海温指数为例,分析了对历史上厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件划分的差别。  相似文献   

18.
海表温度对台风移动的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
运用1990-1991年西北太平洋上气象卫星的高分辨率SST,天然图和台风路径图,分析了17个台风移动与SST的关系,发现它们相关密切,即在无较强天然系统引导的情况下,台风沿着前期SST暖区外围的等SST线并与暖轴平行或者沿着暖轴移动,同时避开行进前方的冷SST区。对西行,西北移,北上和抛物线型4种常见台风路径,选取了5个有代表性的台风和相应的SST场,分别较  相似文献   

19.
高晓梅  江静  刘畅  马守强 《气象科学》2018,38(6):749-758
利用1949—2015年台风年鉴资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA资料等对近67 a影响山东的台风频数特征及其与相关气候因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)影响山东的6类台风中沿海北上类最多,登陆填塞类最少。8月和8月上旬是主要月份和旬份。台风年代际变化明显,并存在显著的26 a年代际尺度和5 a年际尺度的周期变化。(2)台风频数与同年份的东亚槽位置、亚洲区极涡面积指数分别呈显著的负、正相关关系。Ni1o3. 4区海温对台风频数存在超前的显著负相关,超前影响分别在1、2、3、4月。台风频数与冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)指数、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数分别存在显著的正、负相关关系。春、夏、秋季和年PDO冷位相时台风频数偏多,PDO暖位相时台风频数偏少,这与西太平洋副热带高压和低层水汽条件关系密切。(3)冷、暖位相年台风频数与太平洋海温分别存在显著的相关区,特别是冬季暖位相时赤道中东太平洋显著负相关区域较大。年PDO冷位相与夏季的显著相关区较相似,暖位相与秋季相似。(4)太平洋海温与台风频数相关性较好的海域主要有3个关键区:赤道中东太平洋、北太平洋中部和西太平洋暖池。其中赤道中东太平洋的的显著性表现在冬季,北太平洋中部的显著性表现在年、春、夏、秋季,西太平洋暖池的显著性表现在夏、秋季。  相似文献   

20.
厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺事件与西北太平洋台风活动   总被引:42,自引:12,他引:42  
用统计相关和典型年合成方法分析了厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺事件与西北太平洋台风活动的关系,指出厄尔尼诺年台风活动减少,反厄尔尼诺年台风活动增加,而且台风活动与厄尔尼诺、反厄尔尼诺事件起始和终止时间、强度、台风生成区域有关。利用厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺年台风活动频数的统计特征,及台风频数与海温等要素的时滞相关关系,为台风频数的预测提供了有益的信息。还应用奇异值分解方法,分析了高度场和海温场的相关关系。结果表明,厄尔尼诺年海气耦合作用将造成不利于台风发展的环流条件,因此台风偏少,反厄尔尼诺年则出现相反的情况。  相似文献   

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