共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用中国风云三号微波成像仪数据开展西北太平洋热带气旋强度多元统计估计方法研究。⑴ 分析各通道以热带气旋中心为圆心,不同半径的同心圆和同心圆环内的亮温参数与热带气旋最大风速之间的定量关系,结果表明:低频通道1.0 °和1.5 °以内亮温的最小值、大于某亮温阈值的象元百分比和平均值与最大风速之间的相关性最高。⑵ 利用主分量分析和多元回归方法建立适合于西北太平洋上的热带气旋强度估计模型,其独立样本检验的均方根误差为13 kt。此模型在热带气旋发展的初始阶段会出现最大风速的高估,而在热带气旋发展的成熟阶段会出现最大风速的低估,正负偏差的分界点出现在70 kt左右,偏差较大的个例大多是未形成规则的热带气旋云系结构,且具有非常明显的不对称性。因此估计热带气旋强度时考虑热带气旋的云系结构特征将有助于进一步提高估计精度,且随着热带气旋样本数的增多,精度也有望进一步提高。 相似文献
2.
热带气旋上层的暖异常与气旋强度密切相关。利用匹配的NOAA-16和NOAA-18上的AMSU-A从不同角度几乎同时对同一气旋的观测数据,对基于变分理论的热带气旋暖异常物理反演算法进行检验。结果表明,采用物理反演方法后可明显提高不同卫星平台上同类仪器观测的亮温异常之间的相关性,即显著地减小了水平分辨率因素对亮温异常观测的影响。对实测数据的分析表明,不同平台上通道8(55.5 GHz)观测的亮温异常之间的相关性大于通道7(54.94 GHz)。为了选择更优的亮温异常观测通道,利用2002-2003年西北太平洋区域的344对匹配数据,分别建立了AMSU-A的通道7、8反演的亮温异常与日本气象厅提供的最佳路径数据中的MSLP(最低海平面气压)之间的统计关系,再利用2004年的229对匹配数据对算式进行了检验,对检验结果进行了比较表明,对于独立的检验数据,采用通道8所得结果的均方根误差比采用通道7时相对减小25%。 相似文献
3.
台风"杜鹃"的 AMSU卫星微波探测资料分析 总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6
由于微波具有穿透云的能力,AMSU卫星探测资料得到了越来越广泛的应用。利用AMSU多个通道的资料,对2003年台风“杜鹃”过程进行了分析。通过比较AMSU-B（89GHz和150GHz）与GOES-9的台风结构图像可以发现微波具有较强的垂直探测能力;在AMSU-B的5个通道中,通道2（Ch2）亮温值的大小能够最好地反映热带气旋螺旋雨带冰晶层的深厚程度,从而判定螺旋雨带的强度;Ch2的亮温分布与雷达的强降水回波有较好的对应关系;利用AMSU-A温度反演资料能够清晰地揭示热带气旋的暖心结构、地面风速和中心气压与250hPa温度距平的关系,以及强降水的落区等。结果表明：AMSU资料作为一种新的卫星微波探测资料,在热带气旋的结构、螺旋雨带的强度及其降水强度的分析预报中具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
应用AMSU B微波资料分析0509号Matsa台风水汽场分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带气旋的形成、发展、移动以及消亡与大范围水汽输送和集中息息相关.此研究以2006年7-8月的AMSU-B的183.3±1、183.3±3、183.3±7GHz三个水汽通道亮温为主要资料源,利用三个通道所在的权重高度差异,分别建立了对流层高、中、低层水汽量与三个通道亮温的e指数统计回归关系.在此基础上,选取西北太平洋2005年09号麦莎台风,利用AMSU-B亮温通过回归关系式计算出的高、中、低层水汽量,就其水汽输送与强度变化关系进行了分析.结果表明,其一,微波水汽通道亮温能够很好地表征热带气旋环境场不同高度的水汽分布和水汽输送,尤其是对流层中层亮温的变化显示出的水汽量的变化与热带气旋强度密切相关;其二,热带气旋发展过程中,除了西南季风形成的西南水汽通道是水汽维持的重要输送带外,东南水汽通道也经常成为登陆热带气旋强度维持的主要水汽供给. 相似文献
5.
热带气旋的形成、发展、移动以及消亡与大范围水汽输送和集中息息相关。此研究以2006年7—8月的AMSU-B的183.3±1、183.3±3、183.3±7GHz三个水汽通道亮温为主要资料源,利用三个通道所在的权重高度差异,分别建立了对流层高、中、低层水汽量与三个通道亮温的e指数统计回归关系。在此基础上,选取西北太平洋2005年09号麦莎台风,利用AMSU-B亮温通过回归关系式计算出的高、中、低层水汽量,就其水汽输送与强度变化关系进行了分析。结果表明,其一,微波水汽通道亮温能够很好地表征热带气旋环境场不同高度的水汽分布和水汽输送,尤其是对流层中层亮温的变化显示出的水汽量的变化与热带气旋强度密切相关;其二,热带气旋发展过程中,除了西南季风形成的西南水汽通道是水汽维持的重要输送带外,东南水汽通道也经常成为登陆热带气旋强度维持的主要水汽供给。 相似文献
6.
文章利用FY-3C新型微波温度计(MWTS-Ⅱ)数据估计发生在西北太平洋的热带气旋强度。首先对与热带气旋最强暖核位置相重合的通道5~8进行临边订正,取得了较好的效果,订正偏差均小于各通道的探测灵敏度;之后利用热带气旋微波亮温距平分布分析了热带气旋在对流层中、上层的增暖特征,发现热带气旋中心的增暖强度、形状特征与热带气旋的强度相关,强度较强的气旋中心增温较强,其暖核结构清楚而完整;最后利用通道6和通道7最强亮温距平中的最大值建立了热带气旋强度估计模型,独立样本检验的标准偏差为13.0 hPa,进行扫描角度修正后的标准偏差为12.0 hPa,引入纬度因子后的标准偏差为11.1 hPa,估计精度得到一定程度的改善。 相似文献
7.
利用NOAA-16/AMSU-B三水汽通道微波亮温差和GOES-9红外亮温阈值对热带气旋深厚对流云进行检测,同时利用GOES-9可见光、红外、水汽多光谱通道特征对热带气旋云系进行识别,通过一次台风“蒲公英”个例,对热带气旋在微波和光学遥感图像上的深厚对流云进行分析。结果表明,微波和光学遥感资料均能对热带气旋深厚对流云进行有效识别,检测结果基本一致,但识别出的对流云,微波范围较小,光学遥感范围较大,这可能是由于光学遥感仅能获得云顶信息,将对流云顶部覆盖的卷云错判造成的;即使采用较低亮温阈值,光学遥感也很难将这部分卷云完全分离,而微波对云更具穿透性,在深厚对流云的识别方面具有独特优势;三水汽通道间微波亮温差反映了深厚对流云的发展强度,可间接揭示热带气旋的发展情况。 相似文献
8.
利用NOAA-16/AMSU-B微波亮温资料和GOES-9光学遥感资料对2004年6月16日一次锋面气旋云系中的强对流云团进行识别, 尝试了NOAA-16/AM SU-B微波两窗区通道亮温、3个微波水汽通道间亮温差, GOES-9红外亮温阈值、水汽和红外通道亮温差、红外和水汽通道亮温多光谱逐个修改聚类等方法, 通过比较各种方法的识别结果, 分析各种识别技术的特点, 同时采用地面常规观测资料进行叠加, 对识别方法进行了验证。结果表明:微波对强对流云团均能较好识别, 但89 GHz通道亮温受地表影响较大, 不能很好剔除过冷水体, 150 GHz通道亮温与微波水汽通道间亮温差的识别结果较一致, 3个微波水汽通道间亮温差对阈值的依赖性相对较小; GOES-9红外亮温阈值因其随时空变化对识别结果会造成较大差别, 而水汽和红外通道亮温差对强对流云团能进行较好定位, 但识别范围较小, 多光谱逐个修改聚类方法对积雨云的识别效果较好, 且和NOAA-16/AMSU-B识别结果有较好的对应关系; 地面常规观测资料的叠加结果也说明, 多波段遥感资料对强对流云团的识别结果与当时的天气现象及积雨云状均有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
9.
采用新疆“96·7”特大暴雨期间逐日08、20时1°×1°网格常规观测资料和GMS－5红外一、二通道及水汽通道的亮温资料,对比分析了水汽通道亮温场与大气水汽含量场之间的关系,水汽通道亮温高值带对应大气水汽含量场上的干区,低值带对应温区。水汽通道亮温（W）≤230K的区域的分布和走向能够表征水汽输送通道。同时进一步讨论了GMS－5三个通道亮温资料与大气水汽含量之间的相关性,利用一元或多元回归方法拟合大气水汽含量,并对拟合结果进行了误差分析。 相似文献
10.
利用风云三号B星(FY-3B)微波成像仪(Microwave Radiation Imager,MWRI)一级亮温数据和每6 h一次的热带气旋(tropical cyclone, TC)最佳路径数据进行时空匹配,建立了TC微波亮温数据集。该数据集包含了2011—2016年全球六大海盆生成的热带风暴级别以上的TC共计538个,以及对应每个TC的微波十通道亮温和36.50 GHz、89.00 GHz的极化校正亮温度,并简要阐明了该数据集在热带气旋研究方面的潜在应用,尤其对TC生命周期内的微波亮温特征及TC强度变化研究提供了有力的数据支撑。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献