共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 986 毫秒
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《气候变化研究进展》2013,(3):236
《气候变化研究进展》(双月刊)是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。《气候变化研究进展》主要发表国内外气候变化研究的最新成果与进展,以及与气候变化有关的交叉学科,如地球科学、生态与环境科学、人文与社会科学等方面的最新研究论文;报道全球变化最新的观测事实、重要信息及应对全球气候变化的适应、减缓措施和技术研究成果等;反映与气候变化相关的各类国际、国内重大活动、 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2013,(3):236-236
《气候变化研究进展》(双月刊)是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。《气候变化研究进展》主要发表国内外气候变化研究的最新成果与进展,以及与气候变化有关的交叉学科,如地球科学、生态与环境科学、人文与社会科学等方面的最新研究论文;报道全球变化最新的观测事实、重要信息及应对全球气候变化的适应、减缓措施和技术研究成果等;反映与气候变化相关的各类国际、国内重大活动、 相似文献
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2019年8月7日IPCC《气候变化与土地特别报告》决策者摘要获得通过,报告涉及对基于土地应对气候变化不同措施的评估,取得一些新的认知,包括定量评估基于土地的40种综合措施对提高气候变化减缓和适应能力、防治荒漠化和土地退化、增强粮食安全、保护生物多样性和水资源及促进可持续发展的效益,提出在防治荒漠化和土地退化及保障粮食安全过程中提高气候变化适应和减缓能力的措施,评估了实施不同措施的风险、限制、障碍和保障政策等。在措施的分类、气候变化适应的主体对象,以及风险和政策分析等方面还存在一些不足。评估报告结论将对我国建立基于土地的应对气候变化的对策,促进把应对气候变化与防治荒漠化和土地退化、保护生态环境与增强粮食安全工作结合,制定相关政策等方面都具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
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适应举措对降低人类和生态系统的气候变化风险有着积极的影响。IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第二工作组（WGII）报告全面评估了适应的可行性和有效性,深入评估了适应局限性和不良适应。报告认为,个人、地方、区域和国家各级的适应行动都在增加,但是在做决策时需考虑不良适应的风险。报告从经济、技术、制度、社会、环境和地球物理这6个维度,对23个适应措施的可行性进行了评估;这些适应措施分布在陆地、海洋与生态系统,城乡与基础设施系统,能源系统以及跨部门等四大系统,其中,基于森林的适应、具有恢复力的电力系统、能源可靠性等适应措施具有高信度的高可行性。适应措施的可行性和有效性会随着气候变暖的增加而降低,需要采用多种措施来降低未来气候变化风险。 相似文献
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由于美国地域广阔,地形、生态、气候和经济的多样性以及散居的人口和不同的生活方式,气候变化对美国的影响会有很大差异。这样一个拥有13．6多万亿美元GDP和3．02亿人口的大国如何应对气候变化取决于许多因素。这些因素包括对影响的严重性的认识、对影响的全部含意的理解能力以及在投资和政策决策中反映这种认知的程度。 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2009,(4):F0004-F0004
《气候变化研究进展》（双月刊）是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2009,(3):F0004-F0004
《气候变化研究进展》（双月刊）是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2019,(3):F0004-F0004
《气候变化研究进展》(双月刊)是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2020,(2):F0004-F0004
《气候变化研究进展》(双月刊)是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。 相似文献
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Dramatic climatic change in the Arctic elevates the importance of determining the risk of exposure for people living in vulnerable areas and developing effective adaptation programs. Climate change assessment reports are valuable, and often definitive, sources of information for decision makers when constructing adaptation plans, yet the scope of these reports is too coarse to identify site-specific exposure to the impacts of climate change and adaptation needs. Subsistence hunters and gatherers in the Arctic are valuable knowledge holders of climate-related change in their area. Incorporating both their traditional ecological knowledge and information found in climate science assessment reports can offer adaption planners a deeper understanding of exposure to climate change and local adaptation needs. In this study, we compare information found in assessment reports of climate change in the Arctic with what we have learned from the Alaskans Sharing Indigenous Knowledge project from 2009 to 2012, a research project documenting traditional ecological knowledge in two Native villages in Alaska, Savoonga and Shaktoolik. Content analysis of the interviews with hunters and gatherers reveal the site-specific impacts of climate change affecting these two villages. We find that their traditional ecological knowledge is complimentary and largely corroborates the climate science found in assessment reports. Traditional ecological knowledge, however, is more current to the social and local conditions of the villages, and presents a more unified social and biophysical portrayal of the impacts of climate change. If taken together, these two forms of knowledge can focus adaptation planning on the pertinent needs of the communities in question. 相似文献
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针对气候变暖采取稳健的适应措施已成为国际社会共识。该文综合了当前适应气候变化的国际谈判进展及已有的农业适应气候变化措施,指出适应资金严重不足,技术研发、应用与转让难以实施,以及适应气候变化行动实施能力的不足严重制约着适应气候变化行动的有效实施;关于农业适应气候变化的技术措施仍缺乏系统的理论研究与应用示范。在此基础上,提出了未来中国农业适应气候变化需要重点开展的研究任务,即农业气象灾变过程的新特点及其风险管理, 农业适应气候变化的大数据决策管理系统研发及适应气候变化的农业气候区划与减灾保产技术研究,以切实推进农业适应气候变化,为确保国家粮食安全与农业可持续发展提供支撑。 相似文献
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Shannon Hagerman Hadi Dowlatabadi Terre Satterfield Tim McDaniels 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(1):192-207
Adapting conservation policy to the impacts of climate change has emerged as a central and unresolved challenge. In this paper, we report on the results of 21 in-depth interviews with biodiversity and climate change adaptation experts on their views of the implications of climate change for conservation policy. We find a diversity of views across a set of topics that included: changing conservation objectives, conservation triage and its criteria, increased management interventions in protected areas, the role of uncertainty in decision-making, and evolving standards of conservation success. Notably, our findings reveal active consideration among experts with some more controversial elements of policy adaptation (including the role of disturbance in facilitating species transitions, and changing standards of conservation success), despite a comparative silence on these topics in the published literature. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to: (a) identifying future research and integration needs and (b) providing insight into the process of policy adaptation in the context of biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
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《Global Environmental Change》2007,17(1):59-72
Projections of future climate change are plagued with uncertainties, causing difficulties for planners taking decisions on adaptation measures. This paper presents an assessment framework that allows the identification of adaptation strategies that are robust (i.e. insensitive) to climate change uncertainties. The framework is applied to a case study of water resources management in the East of England, more specifically to the Anglian Water Services’ 25 year Water Resource Plan (WRP). The paper presents a local sensitivity analysis (a ‘one-at-a-time’ experiment) of the various elements of the modelling framework (e.g., emissions of greenhouse gases, climate sensitivity and global climate models) in order to determine whether or not a decision to adapt to climate change is sensitive to uncertainty in those elements.Water resources are found to be sensitive to uncertainties in regional climate response (from general circulation models and dynamical downscaling), in climate sensitivity and in climate impacts. Aerosol forcing and greenhouse gas emissions uncertainties are also important, whereas uncertainties from ocean mixing and the carbon cycle are not. Despite these large uncertainties, Anglian Water Services’ WRP remains robust to the climate change uncertainties sampled because of the adaptation options being considered (e.g. extension of water treatment works), because the climate model used for their planning (HadCM3) predicts drier conditions than other models, and because ‘one-at-a-time’ experiments do not sample the combination of different extremes in the uncertainty range of parameters. This research raises the question of how much certainty is required in climate change projections to justify investment in adaptation measures, and whether such certainty can be delivered. 相似文献
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When is it time to adopt different technologies, management strategies, and resource use practices as underlying climate change occurs? We apply risk and decision analysis to test hypotheses about the timing and pace of adaption in response to different profiles of climate change and extremes expressed as yield and income variation for a simulated dryland wheat farm in the United States Great Plains. Climate scenarios include gradual change with typical or increased noise (standard deviation), rapid and large change, and gradual change with extreme events stepped through the simulation. We test decision strategies that might logically be utilized by farmers facing a climate trend that worsens crop enterprise outcomes. Adaptation quickens with the rate of change, especially for decision strategies based on performance thresholds, but is delayed by larger climate variability, especially for decision strategies based on recognizing growing differential between adaptive and non-adaptive performance. Extreme events evoke adaptation sooner than gradual change alone, and in some scenarios extremes evoke premature, inefficient, adaptation. 相似文献
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回顾了《巴厘行动计划》以来形成的与适应气候变化议题相关的国际决议及谈判进展,分析了这些决议对推动发展中国家适应气候变化进程的可能作用和面临的障碍,综述了发展中国家和发达国家对“2015气候协议”的利益诉求和建议。作者认为：《巴厘行动计划》以来,《联合国气候变化框架公约》下适应气候变化方面的谈判取得了较明显的进展,建立了适应委员会、国家适应计划进程和应对损失与危害的国际机制等;资金、技术研发、推广和使用、政策法规、机构设置与能力、信息等是提高发展中国家适应气候变化的限制因素;资金、技术转让和能力建设仍是“2015气候协议”谈判的重点和难点。针对非洲集团和小岛屿国家联盟全球适应目标和应对气候变化造成的损失与危害的补偿的提议,作者建议加强科学研究,开发评估方法和工具,探讨气候自然变率和人类活动导致的气候变化影响的归因;同时建议中国进一步加强适应气候变化的南南合作。 相似文献
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AD-DICE: an implementation of adaptation in the DICE model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Integrated Assessment Models (IAMS) have helped us over the past decade to understand the interactions between the environment and the economy in the context of climate change. Although it has also long been recognized that adaptation is a powerful and necessary tool to combat the adverse effects of climate change, most IAMS have not explicitly included the option of adaptation in combating climate change. This paper adds to the IAM and climate change literature by explicitly including adaptation in an IAM, thereby making the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation visible. Specifically, a theoretical framework is created and used to implement adaptation as a decision variable into the DICE model. We use our new AD-DICE model to derive the adaptation cost functions implicit in the DICE model. In our set-up, adaptation and mitigation decisions are separable and AD-DICE can mimic DICE when adaptation is optimal. We find that our specification of the adaptation costs is robust with respect to the mitigation policy scenarios and parameter values. Our numerical results show that adaptation is a powerful option to combat climate change, as it reduces most of the potential costs of climate change in earlier periods, while mitigation does so in later periods. 相似文献
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Lee Hannah Camila I. Donatti Celia A. Harvey Eric Alfaro Daniel Andres Rodriguez Claudia Bouroncle Edwin Castellanos Freddy Diaz Emily Fung Hugo G. Hidalgo Pablo Imbach Peter Läderach Jason P. Landrum Ana Lucía Solano 《Climatic change》2017,141(1):29-45
Climate change will have serious repercussions for agriculture, ecosystems, and farmer livelihoods in Central America. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on agriculture and ecosystem services for their livelihoods. There is an urgent need to develop national and local adaptation responses to reduce these impacts, yet evidence from historical climate change is fragmentary. Modeling efforts help bridge this gap. Here, we review the past decade of research on agricultural and ecological climate change impact models for Central America. The results of this review provide insights into the expected impacts of climate change and suggest policy actions that can help minimize these impacts. Modeling indicates future climate-driven changes, often declines, in suitability for Central American crops. Declines in suitability for coffee, a central crop in the regional economy, are noteworthy. Ecosystem models suggest that climate-driven changes are likely at low- and high-elevation montane forest transitions. Modeling of vulnerability suggests that smallholders in many parts of the region have one or more vulnerability factors that put them at risk. Initial adaptation policies can be guided by these existing modeling results. At the same time, improved modeling is being developed that will allow policy action specifically targeted to vulnerable groups, crops, and locations. We suggest that more robust modeling of ecological responses to climate change, improved representation of the region in climate models, and simulation of climate influences on crop yields and diseases (especially coffee leaf rust) are key priorities for future research. 相似文献