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Jianping LI Tiejun XIE Xinxin TANG Hao WANG Cheng SUN Juan FENG Fei ZHENG Ruiqiang DING 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):625-642
In this paper,we investigate the influence of the winter NAO on the multidecadal variability of winter East Asian surface air temperature(EASAT)and EASAT decadal prediction.The observational analysis shows that the winter EASAT and East Asian minimum SAT(EAmSAT)display strong in-phase fluctuations and a significant 60-80-year multidecadal variability,apart from a long-term warming trend.The winter EASAT experienced a decreasing trend in the last two decades,which is consistent with the occurrence of extremely cold events in East Asia winters in recent years.The winter NAO leads the detrended winter EASAT by 12-18 years with the greatest significant positive correlation at the lead time of 15 years.Further analysis shows that ENSO may affect winter EASAT interannual variability,but does not affect the robust lead relationship between the winter NAO and EASAT.We present the coupled oceanic-atmospheric bridge(COAB)mechanism of the NAO influences on winter EASAT multidecadal variability through its accumulated delayed effect of~15 years on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Africa-Asia multidecadal teleconnection(AAMT)pattern.An NAO-based linear model for predicting winter decadal EASAT is constructed on the principle of the COAB mechanism,with good hindcast performance.The winter EASAT for 2020-34 is predicted to keep on fluctuating downward until~2025,implying a high probability of occurrence of extremely cold events in coming winters in East Asia,followed by a sudden turn towards sharp warming.The predicted 2020/21 winter EASAT is almost the same as the 2019/20 winter. 相似文献
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Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN James E.OVERLAND Annette RINKE Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):553-565
Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across East Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/21.These events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical processes.The analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major SSW.The Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air outbreaks.The long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time period.The displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme state.The results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”. 相似文献
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QIN Xiao-Hao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(3):170-175
In this paper, several sets of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were designed for three typhoon cases to determine whether or not the additional observation data in the sensitive regions identified by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) could improve the short-range forecast of typhoons. The results show that the CNOPs capture the sensitive regions for typhoon forecasts, which implies that conducting additional observation in these specific regions and eliminating initial errors could reduce forecast errors. It is inferred from the results that dropping sondes in the CNOP sensitive regions could lead to improvements in typhoon forecasts. 相似文献
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With temperatures increasing as a result of global warming,extreme high temperatures are becoming more intense and more frequent on larger scale during summer in China.In recent years,a variety of researches have examined the high temperature distribution in China.However,it hardly considers the variation of temperature data and systems when defining the threshold of extreme high temperature.In order to discern the spatio-temporal distribution of extreme heat in China,we examined the daily maximum temperature data of 83 observation stations in China from 1950 to 2008.The objective of this study was to understand the distribution characteristics of extreme high temperature events defined by Detrended Fluctuation Analysis(DFA).The statistical methods of Permutation Entropy(PE)were also used in this study to analyze the temporal distribution.The results showed that the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China presented 3 periods of 7,10—13 and 16—20 years,respectively.The abrupt changes generally happened in the 1960s,the end of 1970s and early 1980s.It was also found that the maximum frequency occurred in the early 1950s,and the frequency decreased sharply until the late 1980s when an evidently increasing trend emerged.Furthermore,the annual averaged frequency of extreme high temperature events reveals a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend from southwest to northeast China,but an increasing-decreasing trend from southeast to northwest China.And the frequency was higher in southern region than that in northern region.Besides,the maximum and minimum of frequencies were relatively concentrated spatially.Our results also shed light on the reasons for the periods and abrupt changes of the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China. 相似文献
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1引言在自动站投入使用前绝大多数气象站使用的是EL型风向风速计,其瞬间风速是通过风速指示计人工测得的,人为因素大,精度不够,但人工测量给大风重要天气报、大风危险和解除报提供了依据,不会出现大风记录和报文之间的矛盾现象,而自动站的大风记录却不一样,其记录的大风的起止时间,极大风速及出现的时间是非常精确的,要求值班员实时注意查看自动站的大风记录,避免漏报、错报。由于自动站采集控制软件SAWSS在处理大风记录时存在不足,当大风达到不同的发报标准时不能及时报警,以提醒值班人员作出相应的处理,所以极易造成过时报,甚至漏报。 相似文献
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气象水文灾害的防灾减灾教育培训新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
智协飞 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):885-889
简要综述了第十届世界气象组织教育与培训大会的主题报告内容.本次大会主要讨论防灾减灾的气象水文教育与培训等问题,集中讨论了"备灾-预防和早期预警"、"减灾-应急、救援和重建"和"跨学科培训"等3个主题,强调集合数值预报系统对于估计出现极端天气事件的风险非常重要,同时必须培训气象、水文工作者使用集合预报中的概率预报信息.中国气象灾害监测、预测和预警已经从单纯提供一般意义上的气象灾害信息提升到有利于社会经济发展的气象灾害服务,既考虑自然因子也考虑经济发展的影响.在跨学科培训方面,将管理知识和气象知识结合起来,可以取得非常好的效果.大会建议提高世界气象组织区域培训中心以及各国气象水文部门培训单位的培训能力,主要通过提供防灾减灾的专门培训单元,对自然灾害风险管理短期课程进行指导,重视各国气象水文部门对于管理和传播领域培训的需求. 相似文献
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2009年冬季在南京北郊进行24 h采样,运用离子色谱法研究大气PM10中水溶性阴离子的分布特征。结果表明:PM10中阴离子的平均总质量浓度在白天和夜间分别为658.21、622.84 μg/m3;PM2.1则分别为337.86、319.97 μg/m3,阴离子主要存在于细粒子中;主要水溶性阴离子均为SO42-,且海盐对南京北郊大气PM10和PM2.1中的SO42-质量浓度影响很小。SO42-、Cl-和F-粒径谱分布相似,均呈双模态;NO3-和NO2-主要呈现单模态。SO42-与NO3-、F-与NO3-、SO42-与Cl-的相关系数均大于0.8,相关显著,说明其存在一定的同源性。NO3-/SO42-的平均值在白天、夜间分别为0.058 2、0.048 4,说明南京北郊大气污染以固定源为主。分析NO3-、SO42-前体物的转化率知道,采样期间SOR和NOR的平均值均大于10%,即SO42-部分来源于SO2的二次转化,而不是单一来源于一次污染物。 相似文献
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J. F. R. Gower 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1980,18(3):235-245
The possibility of using the in situ fluorescence line of chlorophyll-a in remote sensing studies of surface water productivity is investigated in a series of spectroscopic and water sampling measurements made from a launch in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. The paper demonstrates the proportionality of the observed height of the line to measured chlorophyll concentrations. Weighting corrections are applied to allow for the observed vertical variations in chlorophyll concentrations. Changes in the blue/green region of the observed spectra are also considered as an indicator of the chlorophyll present, and the two methods appear capable of giving chlorophyll concentrations to a comparable accuracy for the relatively high levels observed. 相似文献
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利用铜川3站1964—2010年春季气温、降水、风、日照等观测资料,采用统计方法分析铜川春季气候变化规律,结果表明:铜川春季平均气温为11.6oC,平均气温年际变化呈现增暖趋势,气候倾向率为0.374oC/10 a,北部增暖显著,南部次之,中部最小;北部出现≤-2.0oC和≤-4.0oC的概率较大,中部次之,南部最小;≤-2.0oC出现频率为3.4%~12.4%,≤-4.0oC出现频率为1.1%~5.9%;平均降水量为115.9 mm,由北向南递减,降水随年际变化呈减少趋势,下降最显著的是4月;日照百分率3、5月最小,4月最大,平均总辐射量自北向南递减;地形原因导致风分布不均匀,平均风速北部最大,南部次之,中部最小,呈现4月明显偏大,3、5月基本接近的月际变化规律;一日内风速通常夜间较小,午后较大,春季大风一般伴有寒潮,降温天气;全市大风分布差异很大,北部宜君占53.4%,4月最多,占42.8%。 相似文献
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2019年3月21日21:13广西桂林市临桂区国家气象观测站测得60.3 m·s-1的瞬时极大风速,2019年4月13日14:11广东湛江市徐闻县下属和安镇镇政府自动气象站测得50.7 m·s-1的瞬时极大风速,两地均出现比较明显的风灾。通过分析监控视频、无人机航拍资料、现场勘察和走访目击者,获得如下结论:21:09—21:14临桂国家气象观测站及周边区域的风灾过程是一次EF2级微下击暴流,时间尺度大于6 min,空间尺度约为1.6 km×2.0 km,属于α小尺度(400~4000 m)微下击暴流,其中包含7个β小尺度(40~400 m)微下击暴流;灾害现场呈现出受灾区域的纵横比小、灾情不连续和树木倒向有明显辐散的特征。14:09—14:15广东湛江徐闻的风灾过程是一次EF3级的强龙卷,持续时间约为7 min,龙卷路径长约为3.2km,宽约为30~280 m,监控视频显示在龙卷发生地附近出现了持续时间极短的旋转性大风。相对于临桂微下击暴流,龙卷灾害现场具有风灾破坏带纵横比大、灾情连续和多处树木倒向呈现辐合的特征。 相似文献
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天津夏季大气消光性质的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2010年夏季天津城市边界层观测站颗粒物、黑碳气溶胶、氮氧化物(NOX)浓度、地面能见度和气象梯度观测资料,分析了天津夏季大气消光特性及低能见度事件产生的原因。结果表明,天津夏季主要污染物为PM10和PM2.5,大气气溶胶消光系数为529.06M.m-1,其中,吸收系数为50.17M.m-1,散射系数为478.89M.m-1,气体吸收系数为7.74M.m-1,气溶胶单次散射反射率为0.87。天津夏季边界层大气状态有近一半的时间为中性或偏稳定层结,当出现中性或偏稳定层结大气时则有接近一半的情况出现低能见度事件(能见度<5km),影响人们的日常生活。 相似文献
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2021年8月3日柳州市出现一次伴有短时强降水和下击暴流的强雷暴大风天气过程。利用观测资料以及柳州自动站分钟级数据、雷达、风廓线等资料，对此次过程中下击暴流的成因进行分析。结果表明：①此次过程是在大陆高压与热带辐合带间中低层为一致东北气流的背景下，弱垂直风切变与强不稳定能量、深厚干空气源、近地面的干绝热递减等有利环境条件下，由地面中尺度辐合线抬升触发的。②下击暴流初始回波具有脉冲风暴特征，之后发展成多单体风暴；下击暴流发生前有反射率核心下降，低层入流及中层径向辐合增强等特征，其垂直结构表现为低层辐散、中层辐合、中高层辐合旋转。③地面大风出现前风廓线雷达风场有明显高空动量下传和低层风速减小，大风出现在低层风速开始增强时刻，早于低层风速最强时。④下击暴流的产生与降水粒子的拖曳作用和负浮力有关；地形作用使得强对流回波沿地形运动，且下坡地形与峡谷效应对极端大风的形成有叠加作用。 相似文献
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本文利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动气象站降水资料、卫星云图和SWAP强对流路径预报资料、多普勒雷达以及风廓线雷达资料,用天气动力学诊断方法,对2013年一次影响湖北省荆门地区的江淮气旋暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明:(1)此次暴雨过程是由于中高纬有高原槽发展东移,槽前正涡度平流作用使得低层西南涡加强,低层减压形成江淮气旋,气旋东移发展而产生暴雨;(2)强降雨主要集中在两个时段,分别与西南涡加强东移和江淮气旋生成有很好的对应;(3)500h Pa垂直速度表明,强上升运动区的移动方向与雨带移动方向一致;水汽通量辐合中心发展并向东北方向移动,跟强降水有直接的对应关系;(4)风廓线雷达反演的热成风温度平流变化,大气折射率常数大值中心以及SWAP的强对流云团的路径外推预报对本地强降水发生位置具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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2008年4月7日夜间,洛阳市出现了入春以来的首次区域性雷暴天气,栾川县出现局地大暴雨,12 h降水量达到96 mm.利用常规气象资料和乡镇雨量站、新一代多普勒雷达资料,分析了此次区域雷暴过程中伴随的局地大暴雨成因,结果表明:这次局地大暴雨是在强垂直温度梯度条件下,低涡系统的东移,致使涡前切变线移入不稳定能量区,诱使不稳定能量暴发而产生的强对流天气,涡前切变线是这次过程的触发机制;前期晴朗高温天气所积蓄的不稳定能量释放是导致强降水形成的有利条件;K指数、SI指数等对流指数对此次局地暴雨有很好的反映;对流触发后生成的中β尺度对流系统稳定维持在栾川且获得发展是造成强降水的主因;栾川特殊的山地地形(伏牛山脉)对降水有一定的增幅作用. 相似文献