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根据1954—2005年锦州累年逐月平均气温资料,采用一元线性趋势估计和滑动平均方法分析了近半个世纪锦州季和年平均气温变化趋势;采用滑动t检验法分析了气温突变。结果表明：近半个世纪锦州气温变化呈明显上升趋势,20世纪80年代后期气温发生突变,其后气温持续偏高;同时根据锦州城郊农业试验站的资料,初步分析了城市热环境对气温的影响。分析表明,人为的城市热环境是自20世纪80年代以来锦州气温偏高的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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Statistical estimation of high-resolution surface air temperature from MODIS over the Yangtze River Delta,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 High-resolution surface air temperature data are critical to regional climate modeling in terms of energy balance, urban climate change, and so on. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) to estimate air temperature at a high resolution over the Yangtze River Delta region, China. It is found that daytime LST is highly correlated with maximum air temperature, and the linear regression coefficients vary with the type of land surface. The air temperature at a resolution of 1 km is estimated from the MODIS LST with linear regression models. The estimated air temperature shows a clear spatial structure of urban heat islands. Spatial patterns of LST and air temperature differences are detected, indicating maximum differences over urban and forest regions during summer. Validations are performed with independent data samples, demonstrating that the mean absolute error of the estimated air temperature is approximately 2.5°C, and the uncertainty is about 3.1°C, if using all valid LST data. The error is reduced by 0.4°C (15%) if using best-quality LST with errors of less than 1 K. The estimated high-resolution air temperature data have great potential to be used in validating high-resolution climate models and other regional applications. 相似文献
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I. I. Zveryaev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2007,32(7):426-430
Climatology and long-term variations of characteristics of the annual cycle of air temperature over Europe are studied in terms of amplitudes and phases on the basis of data for 1901–2000. It is shown that the spatial amplitude distribution of the annual cycle of air temperature well reflects a decrease in the influence of the Atlantic and an increase in the continentality of the European climate from west to east. It is found that positive (negative) anomalies of annual mean air temperature are accompanied mainly by negative (positive) anomalies of amplitudes and phases of the annual cycle air temperature. In other words, abnormally warm years are characterized by smaller amplitudes of the annual cycle, and the maximum in the annual cycle of air temperature is observed earlier than usual. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of temperature amplitudes is connected with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). It means that at a high NAO index one observes small (large) amplitudes of the annual cycle of air temperature over Europe. 相似文献
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逐小时自动站数据对于气象灾害预警、决策服务及预报预测等十分重要。以国家级自动站小时观测气温数据为基础,分析研究了小时气温数据的疑误形式,针对各种疑误数据,利用国家级台站建站以来的日最高、日最低以及4时次(北京时02点、08点、14点、20点)定时观测气温数据,研制形成了适用于中国自动站(区域站和国家站)逐小时气温数据质量控制系统,并将此系统应用到2006-2010年中国27000多自动站小时气温观测数据中。结果表明：区域站的正确率、可疑率、错误率分别为99.43 %、2.24 ‰和3.45 ‰,国家站则分别为99.82 %、1.27 ‰和0.49 ‰;区域站和国家站数据的可疑率相当,但国家站错误率明显比区域站低一个量级。通过历史数据质量控制结果的分析,证明自动站气温质量控制系统设计合理,可以判断出错误和可疑数据,具有可用性。 相似文献
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Variations in wind speed and air temperature during blowing snow are considered in detail using data from the Canadian weather observation network with high spatiotemporal resolution. It is revealed that blowing snow considerably affects the lower atmospheric layer regime. The analysis of observational data illustrates the fact of wind speed increase during the snowstorm. The local minima of air temperature during the period of blowing snow are identified. The method is determined for calculating the threshold wind speed that provokes the onset of blowing snow. The highest skill scores were obtained for the method which takes into account air temperature and humidity. 相似文献
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Yaohui Li Cailing Zhao Tiejun Zhang Wei Wang Haixia Duan Yuanpu Liu Yulong Ren Zhaoxia Pu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(6):896-908
This study examines the impacts of land-use data on the simulation of surface air temperature in Northwest China by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. International Geosphere–Biosphere Program (IGBP) landuse data with 500-m spatial resolution are generated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products. These data are used to replace the default U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) land-use data in the WRF model. Based on the data recorded by national basic meteorological observing stations in Northwest China, results are compared and evaluated. It is found that replacing the default USGS land-use data in the WRF model with the IGBP data improves the ability of the model to simulate surface air temperature in Northwest China in July and December 2015. Errors in the simulated daytime surface air temperature are reduced, while the results vary between seasons. There is some variation in the degree and range of impacts of land-use data on surface air temperature among seasons. Using the IGBP data, the simulated daytime surface air temperature in July 2015 improves at a relatively small number of stations, but to a relatively large degree; whereas the simulation of daytime surface air temperature in December 2015 improves at almost all stations, but only to a relatively small degree (within 1°C). Mitigation of daytime surface air temperature overestimation in July 2015 is influenced mainly by the change in ground heat flux. The modification of underestimated temperature comes mainly from the improvement of simulated net radiation in December 2015. 相似文献
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Specific features of climate change in the Black Sea and on its northeastern coast for the period of 1982-2014 are investigated based on weather station data, ERA-Interim reanalysis, and satellite data on sea surface temperature. The main trends in air temperature and precipitation are revealed from weather station data and are compared with reanalysis data. The spatial peculiarities of variations in air temperature, integrated water vapor, moisture flux divergence, CAPE, and vertical velocity are analyzed. It is shown that air temperature variations on the coast highly correlate with sea surface temperature. In general, surface air temperature in the region has risen, especially in summer. Despite the increase in integrated water vapor and CAPE, no statistically significant increase was revealed for the mean amount of precipitation, for its intensity and maximum values. This fact might be associated with the moisture flux divergence increase in the region due to the intensification of large-scale downdrafts. 相似文献
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Thermal interaction between near-water atmospheric layer and surface water layer is considered within long-term, seasonal, synoptic, and mesoscale variability ranges from long-term air and water temperature measurement data. It is established that long-term mean monthly values of water temperature within annual cycle are greater than corresponding values of air temperature. Equations of relationships are obtained for long-term mean annual, mean seasonal, and mean monthly air and water temperature values. 相似文献
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The characteristics of interannual fluctuations of the surface air temperature over North America are investigated by using the surface air temperature data of 130 stations during 1941 through 1980. It is found that the surface air temperature bears about ten-year time scale oscillation over the southeastern and northwestern North America and along the west coast of the United States, and it has the characteristics of quasibiennial oscillation over the eastern North America. The ten-year scale oscillation of the surface air temperature is related to that of the sea surface temperature (SST) of North Pacific through the PNA pattern atmospheric circulation anomaly over North Pacific through North America. It is shown that the North Pacific SST has a closer association with the surface air temperature over North America than the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST. The characteristics of the seasonal variations of the relationship between the North Pacific SST and the surface air temperature over No 相似文献
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山谷风转换期的漫烟扩散模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据渡口市空气污染监测资料首次鉴别出一种特殊形式的空气污染过程——山谷风转换期的漫烟过程。这种类型的空气污染在春、秋、冬季都经常发生,尤以冬季较严重。为此,发展了山谷风转换期的漫烟扩散模式,可以满意地解释上述观测事实。分析表明,模式不但能对高地面污染浓度的大小、而且能对其发生的时间和地点给出较准确的推断。 在上述情况下,SO_2地面浓度比该地区日平均浓度大几倍至一个数量级以上,是影响渡口市的主要空气污染过程之一。模式的分析为进一步开展空气质量预测及控制污染的对策研究提供了基础。 相似文献
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河北省夏季空气污染过程气象条件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用NCEP再分析格点资料、常规观测资料,统计分析了2005-2007年7-9月河北省典型的10次空气污染过程与气象要素、天气系统的关系。结果表明:河北省夏季典型污染过程的主要天气类型与冬季环流形式差别较大,可分为纬向型、低压槽前型、副热带高压外围型等;空气污染过程发生日多以雾、霾天气为主,05:00-08:00时(北京时)的能见度最小,地面观测资料的温度露点差(T-T_d)小于等于3℃;高空无明显的垂直运动或系统性弱下沉运动,近地层弱气压场、风场,不利于空气中污染物的扩散;近地层存在逆温,稳定的层结使空气污染得以持续;过程后期,因冷空气活动产生降水,空气污染减弱、结束。 相似文献
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Tropospheric ozone concentrations, which are an important air pollutant, are modeled by the use of an artificial intelligence structure. Data obtained from air pollution measurement stations in the city of Istanbul are utilized in constituting the model. A supervised algorithm for the evaluation of ozone concentration using a genetically trained multi-level cellular neural network （ML-CNN） is introduced, developed, and applied to real data. A genetic algorithm is used in the optimization of CNN templates. The model results and the actual measurement results are compared and statistically evaluated. It is observed that seasonal changes in ozone concentrations are reflected effectively by the concentrations estimated by the multilevel-CNN model structure, with a correlation value of 0.57 ascertained between actual and model results. It is shown that the multilevel-CNN modeling technique is as satisfactory as other modeling techniques in associating the data in a complex medium in air pollution applications. 相似文献
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癌症死亡的气象影响因素探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用广西南宁1991～2003年13年癌症死亡数据及同期气象资料，分析癌症死亡与气象条件的关系。分析表明气象条件对癌症死亡确实有一定的影响：紫外线辐射强度偏强时癌症死亡人数明显偏多；肺癌死亡率随气温升高而增大，而肝癌死亡率随气温升高而降低，肺癌受气温的影响比肝癌大；各种癌症死亡人数均与气压呈反相关。部分分析结论与国外在本领域研究的结果一致。 相似文献
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利用气象和环保资料详细分析了武威市空气质量的特点,针对不同季节、不同时次分别建立了沙尘暴短时、短期预报模式及空气质量统计预报、潜势预报模式,经检验效果良好。应用Fortran和VB语言设计编程,建立了武威市空气质量预报系统,该系统包括沙尘暴预报预警服务系统、空气质量统计预报系统和空气质量潜势预报系统,直接和MICAPS系统接口,具有资料处理、动力统计预报、潜势预报等模式计算及资料采集、处理、模式运行、预报显示、产品分发、资料查询、预报评分等多种功能,在业务应用中效果良好。 相似文献
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2008年北京奥运会期间污染控制效果数值模拟——以个例分析为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2007和2008年北京地区空气质量监测资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了北京地区空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm颗粒物(PM10)污染过程与天气形势及天气系统之间的关系。结果表明:西太平洋热带气旋路径对北京地区发生PM10污染具有预示作用,即当热带气旋北上并在朝鲜半岛或日本登陆的情况下,北京地区一般受持续均压场等弱中尺度天气系统控制,这种中尺度天气系统不利于污染物的扩散,因此北京地区经常发生区域性的PM10空气污染事件。在2007年9次台风北上登陆朝鲜半岛或日本的过程中,北京地区伴随发生了9次PM10污染过程,预示准确率达100%,2008年的预示准确率也达到了80%以上。为了说明北京奥运会期间污染控制措施对改善北京空气质量有实际效果,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所区域空气质量模式NAQPMS,采用无控制措施源和有控制措施源,对2008年北京残奥会期间一次西太平洋北上型热带气旋天气条件下的空气质量状况进行了数值模拟试验,揭示了此次过程北京地区未发生PM10空气污染的原因。 相似文献
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以1965—1999年河北省逐月平均气温为研究对象,采用一元线性回归法和IDW(Inverse Distance Weighted)相结合的方法,将温度插值到河北省整个区域,绘制河北省温度空间分布图,实现河北省年内各月平均气温空间填图;同时,分析了河北省冬季和夏季各月的月平均温度的误差精度。结果表明：插值的结果与观测值的相关系数(R)在12个月均大于0.82,显示插值方法具有较好的模拟精度,可用于气温的空间插值和特征分析。 相似文献
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影响北京大气污染物变化的地面天气形势分析 总被引：49，自引：1，他引：49
首先对影响北京地区大气污染扩散的地面天气形势进行了分类，然后结合1998－2000年北京南郊观象台的地面、高空资料，重点分析了在各类地面天气形势控制下北京地区局地低空、地面的气象条件特征。发现当低压类地面天气形势控制时，容易引起污染物在北京地区的汇聚和累积。比较各类地面天气形势对二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、一氧化碳（CO）浓度的影响，说明同一种天气形势对不同污染的影响程度不同，进一步证实了在低压类地面天气形势控制时，容易出现重污染。 相似文献