共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
该文在多尺度湍流理论的研究成果基础上, 将边界层湍流风谱与平均量的梯度相联系, 建立了边界层多尺度湍流参数化子模式, 之后放入MM5模式中进行了个例模拟研究, 并与MM5模式附带的M RF边界层参数化、Blackadar高分辨率边界层参数化的模拟结果进行比较和分析。结果表明, 多尺度湍流理论能够反映出实际大气边界层中热量垂直输送的规律, 将其用于中尺度数值预报模式的边界层物理过程参数化是可行的; 多尺度湍流参数化在地表层和边界层内各个层次上都着重考虑含能量最大的涡的作用以及水平热力不均匀性的影响, 因此在地形和下垫面比较复杂的区域, 对中尺度天气系统的模拟有进一步发展的前景。 相似文献
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中尺度大气数值模式发展现状和应用前景 总被引：31，自引：12，他引：19
对国内外当前一些先进的中尺度大气数值模式的发展现状,应用前景及发展趋势作了概要综述。其内容包括：模式动力学的改进,叫就度模拟系统特征,区域谱模 发展积云参数化和显式云物理方案,行星边界层参数化,大气辐射参数、四维资料同化,区域实时数值天气预报,中尺度数值天气预报应用前景及新一代中尺度模式发展趋势。 相似文献
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物理过程参数化方案对中尺度暴雨数值模拟影响的研究 总被引：48，自引：5，他引：43
利用中尺度非静力MM 5模式和中国 2 0 0 1年 8月的 4个暴雨个例 ,研究了非绝热物理过程对中国暴雨动力和热力场预报的影响 ,深入分析了对流参数化方案在中尺度暴雨预报中的作用 ,讨论了利用模式扰动方法开展中国暴雨集合预报的可行性。结果表明 ,在短期数值预报中 ,非绝热物理过程对高度场预报影响较小 ,但边界层方案和对流参数化方案对产生暴雨的 3个基本条件即水汽通量散度、垂直速度、不稳定层结的影响很明显。不同对流参数化方案所预报的中尺度热力、动力场离差的结构特征与所预报降水的离差特征相似 ,且主要是在模式积分初期迅速增加 ,其后即趋于稳定。对中国热力场较均匀的暴雨过程 ,可以通过扰动模式的边界层和对流参数化方案 ,构造集合预报模式 相似文献
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The influences of boundary layer parameterization schemes on mesoscale heavy rain system 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1.Introducti0nThemesoscaleoperationalmodel-whichisoftenused,isMM4orMM5'butMM4isusedfrequentlyonlO3kmscale.Thephysicalprocessesinthismodeldevelopconstantly.FororiginalMM4,thecomputationofsurfacefluxesisnotaccurate,andKmodelfortheturbu-lencefluxesbetweenany2levelsneedstobeimprovedbynewtreatment.Inordertostudytheinfluencesofboundarylayerparameterizationschemesonmesoscaleheavyrainsystem,sur-facefluxesandKmodelinoriginalMM4areimprovedbytherecentresearchinthispaPer.Theflux-profilerelationsforv… 相似文献
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Mesoscale Vegetation-Breeze Circulations and Their Impact on Boundary Layer Structures at Night 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The impact of well watered mesoscale wheat over mid-latitude arid areas on mesoscale boundary layer structures (MBLS) and climate has been investigated in the study .using a mesoscale biophysical, meteorological model (BM) developed in the current study. The BM is composed of six modules:mesoscale atmospheric module, soil module, vegetation module, snow-atmosphere interaction module, underlying surface meteorology module and subgrid scale flux parameterization module. The six modules constitute an interacting system by supplying boundary conditions to each other.The investigation indicates that a horizontal pressure gradient associated with mesoscale perturbations in temperature and humidity is created during the day, which results from more water transpired from the vegetation canopy (VC) and evaporated from underlying wet soil. Non-classical mesoscale circulations (called as vegetation-breeze) are forced by the pressure perturbations with wind speeds about 5 m / s, flowing from the VC to the adjacent 相似文献
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采用北京大学三维的复杂地形中尺度模式,结合陆面过程模式(SiB),模拟了草原和沙漠并存的下垫面的边界层大气运动.利用SiB模式计算了地表辐射、感热、潜热通量,并且预报地表温度.中尺度模式则模拟了沙漠地区受热抬升,形成的辐合运动,垂直速度的分布,不同高度上水平流场的变化以及中尺度动量和热量通量,把中尺度通量跟湍流通量进行了比较,以确定这种中尺度运动在GCM模式的参数化过程中的重要性.试验表明中尺度通量尤其是热量通量要比湍流通量大很多. 相似文献
7.
To represent model uncertainties more comprehensively,a stochastically perturbed parameterization(SPP)scheme consisting of temporally and spatially varying perturbations of 18 parameters in the microphysics,convection,boundary layer,and surface layer parameterization schemes,as well as the stochastically perturbed parameterization tendencies(SPPT)scheme,and the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter(SKEB)scheme,is applied in the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System-Regional Ensemble Prediction System(GRAPES-REPS)to evaluate and compare the general performance of various combinations of multiple stochastic physics schemes.Six experiments are performed for a summer month(1-30 June 2015)over China and multiple verification metrics are used.The results show that:(1)All stochastic experiments outperform the control(CTL)experiment,and all combinations of stochastic parameterization schemes perform better than the single SPP scheme,indicating that stochastic methods can effectively improve the forecast skill,and combinations of multiple stochastic parameterization schemes can better represent model uncertainties;(2)The combination of all three stochastic physics schemes(SPP,SPPT,and SKEB)outperforms any other combination of two schemes in precipitation forecasting and surface and upper-air verification to better represent the model uncertainties and improve the forecast skill;(3)Combining SKEB with SPP and/or SPPT results in a notable increase in the spread and reduction in outliers for the upper-air wind speed.SKEB directly perturbs the wind field and therefore its addition will greatly impact the upper-air wind-speed fields,and it contributes most to the improvement in spread and outliers for wind;(4)The introduction of SPP has a positive added value,and does not lead to large changes in the evolution of the kinetic energy(KE)spectrum at any wavelength;(5)The introduction of SPPT and SKEB would cause a 5%-10%and 30%-80%change in the KE of mesoscale systems,and all three stochastic schemes(SPP,SPPT,and SKEB)mainly affect the KE of mesoscale systems.This study indicates the potential of combining multiple stochastic physics schemes and lays a foundation for the future development and design of regional and global ensembles. 相似文献
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This paper reviews the main theoretical progress of mesoscale weather dynamics since 2003, including： （1） The dynamic mechanisms of balanced and unbalanced flow are applied to study the genesis and development problems of mesoscale circulation. The symmetric instability and transverse-wave instability are analyzed in line and vortex atmosphere convection, and further research has been done on nonlinear convective symmetric instability. The interaction between forced convection and unstable convection and the wave characteristics of mesoscale motion are also discussed. （2） Intermediate atmosphere dynamic boundary layer models are developed. The complicated nonlinear interaction is analyzed theoretically between the atmospheric boundary layer and the free atmosphere. The structure of the topography boundary layer, atmospheric frontogenesis, the structure and circulation of the low-level front and other boundary layer dynamic problems are discussed. （3） The formation and development of meso-β-scale rainstorms under the background of the East-Asia atmosphere circulation are diagnosed with the variation of MPV （moist potential vorticity） anomalies. And some physical vectors are modified and applied in the moist atmosphere. 相似文献
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Terrain characteristics can be accurately represented in spectrum space. Terrain spectra can quantitatively reflect the effect of topographic dynamic forcing on the atmosphere. In wavelength space, topographic spectral energy decreases with decreasing wavelength, in spite of several departures. This relationship is approximated by an exponential function. A power law relationship between the terrain height spectra and wavelength is fitted by the least-squares method, and the fitting slope is associated with grid-size selection for mesoscale models. The monotonicity of grid size is investigated, and it is strictly proved that grid size increases with increasing fitting exponent, indicating that the universal grid size is determined by the minimum fitting exponent. An example of landslide-prone areas in western Sichuan is given, and the universal grid spacing of 4.1 km is shown to be a requirement to resolve 90% of terrain height variance for mesoscale models, without resorting to the parameterization of subgrid-scale terrain variance. Comparison among results of different simulations shows that the simulations estimate the observed precipitation well when using a resolution of 4.1 km or finer. Although the main flow patterns are similar, finer grids produce more complex patterns that show divergence zones, convergence zones and vortices.Horizontal grid size significantly affects the vertical structure of the convective boundary layer. Stronger vertical wind components are simulated for finer grid resolutions. In particular, noticeable sinking airflows over mountains are captured for those model configurations. 相似文献
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大气运动的动能在湍流边界层中的耗散 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在大气能量学中,大气平均运动的动能通过湍流摩擦力转化为脉动运动的能量并最终转化为内能的“变性能量”是大气动能的“汇”,正确估计其大小对研究动能的收支,以至天气系统的生衰,发展均有一定意义。此项由于与湍流通量有关,因而难于从大尺度气象参数计算。以往的研究中,或是将动能平衡方程中其余各项算出,而将此项作为余项估计出,或用地转风由粗浅的边界层模式算出。 相似文献
12.
利用WRF-Chem大气化学模式,选择2015年12月中旬发生在我国的大范围空气污染过程,在采用同样化学方案条件下,针对模式中不同物理过程及其参数化方案开展了地面PM_(2.5)预报的敏感性试验。结果表明:该模式能较好展示此次PM_(2.5)污染的演变过程,与实况也较接近,但对青海经宁夏至内蒙的PM_(2.5)高值区出现了漏报现象,这可能是模式外边界未对污染物做更新所致。对地面PM_(2.5)的预报,各物理过程的敏感度不同,边界层(含近地面层)过程的影响要明显大于积云对流及微物理过程的影响,不同的参数化方案会造成不同的预报误差。边界层过程QNSE和与其配套的近地面层方案的组合是预报的较佳组合;而TEMF和与其配套的组合以及ACM2和Pleim-X的组合则不佳。合理的物理过程参数化方案有助于提高PM_(2.5)预报质量。模式预报对排放源也有适应过程,其Spin-up时间较气象要素长。 相似文献
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IMPACTS OF DIABATIC PHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES ON MESOSCALE HEAVY RAINFALL SHORTRANGE SIMULATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the non-hydrostatic version of Mesoscale Model version 5 (MMS) and the data sets of four heavy rainfall scenarios occurring in August 2001 in China,this paper investigates the impacts of diabatic physical processes on predictions of dynamic and thermodynamic elements of heavy rainfall in China,deeply analyzes the effects of convective schemes on mesoscale heavy rain simulations and discusses the feasibility of using model physics perturbations in ensemble simulation of heavy rain,The results show that diabatic physical processes have little impact on the short-range prediction of geopotential height.However,planetary boundary layer schemes and convective schemes have significant influence on moisture divergence flux,vertical velocity,and unstable stratification,which are the three basic conditions of torrential rain.The forecast deviations in different convection schemes increase rapidly in the first 12 h time periods of simulation and the deviation structures are well correlated to that of sub-grid scale rainfall,while in the later periods of simulation with less correlation.Diabatie physical processes influence the structure and evolution of the simulations.For the rain storm events with a homogeneous thermal environmental condition in China.the numerical model ensembles could be created by perturbing the planetary parameterization scheme and convective parameterization. 相似文献
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An Overview of Research and Forecasting on Rainfall Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The ability to forecast heavy rainfall associated with landfalling tropical
cyclones (LTCs) can be improved with a better understanding of the mechanism
of rainfall rates and distributions of LTCs. Research in the area of LTCs
has shown that associated heavy rainfall is related closely to mechanisms
such as moisture transport, extratropical transition (ET), interaction with
monsoon surge, land surface processes or topographic effects, mesoscale
convective system activities within the LTC, and boundary layer energy
transfer etc.. LTCs interacting with environmental weather systems, especially
the westerly trough and mei-yu front, could change the rainfall rate and
distribution associated with these mid-latitude weather systems.
Recently improved technologies have contributed to advancements within the
areas of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and quantitative
precipitation forecasting (QPF). More specifically, progress has been due
primarily to remote sensing observations and mesoscale numerical models
which incorporate advanced assimilation techniques. Such progress may
provide the tools necessary to improve rainfall forecasting techniques
associated with LTCs in the future. 相似文献
17.
A three-dimensional model of the mesoscale surface boundary layer of the open ocean is developed through scale analysis of the primitive equations with mixing included. A set of surface boundary-layer equations appropriate for a broad range of oceanic and atmospheric scales is thereby derived. The essential basis of the model is a coupling between quasigeostrophic dynamics away from the boundary layer and arbitrary mixing models within the mixed layer. The coupling consists of advection of the boundary layer by the horizontal and vertical components of the interior quasigeostrophic flow and forcing of the interior by the boundary layer in the form of divergence within the boundary layer which leads to vortex stretching/compression in the interior. The divergence is generalized for mesoscale wind-driven flows and includes nonlinear interaction between the directly wind-driven boundary-layer flow and the interior flow in the form of interior relative vorticity advection by the wind-driven flow. The nature of the equations leads us to apply a numerical algorithm to their solution. This algorithm is calibrated through application to idealized problems to determine the temporal and spatial grid requirements. The model is initialized with a realistic ocean flow having the properties of the Gulf Stream. 相似文献
18.
许多研究调查了模式预报对边界层方案的敏感性,但是这些研究基本上针对的是热力驱动的混合边界层。对于动力驱动的边界层,不同边界层方案的不同性能以及所带来的不同边界层气象要素的预报还不清楚。运用WRF3.4.1中三种边界参数化方案（YSU、MYJ、ACM2）对新疆2.28大风过程进行数值模拟分析,结果显示：三种边界参数化方案基本能模拟出发生大风的区域及大风过程中10m风速、2m温度和比湿的变化趋势;三种方案模拟的边界层内大气的温度、湿度出现差异与它们对边界层顶的夹卷过程、边界层内垂直混合的处理有关;YSU方案的模拟结果使得更多的高空动量下传,同时更多的有效位能转化为动能,MYJ方案模拟的20m/s的风场区域更大,受地形影响更明显,边界层内湍流更强。 相似文献
19.
M. W. Moncrieff 《Atmospheric Research》1995,35(2-4)
This essay concerns precipitating convective cloud systems and convectively-driven mesoscale circulations (“mesoscale convection”) and their role in the large-scale structure of the atmosphere. Mesoscale convection is an important and ubiquitous process on scales of motion spanning a few kilometers to many hundreds of kilometers. It plays a role in the input of energy to the climate system through the radiative effect of upper-tropospheric cloud and water vapor, and enhanced surface fluxes. This is in addition to its important effect on energy, heat and momentum transport within the atmosphere. However, mesoscale convection is neither parameterized nor adequately resolved in atmospheric general circulation models. Its representation in mean-flow terms raises issues that are quite distinct from classical approaches to sub-grid scale convection parameterization.Cloud-resolving modeling and theoretical concepts pertinent to the transport properties and mean-flow effects of organized convection are summarized, as are the main convective parameterization techniques used in global models. Two principal themes that are relevant to the representation of organized mesoscale systems are discussed. First, mesoscale transports and their sub-grid scale approximation with emphasis on dynamical approaches. Second, long time-scale modeling of mesoscale cloud systems that involves the collective effect of convection, boundary and surface layers, radiation, microphysics acting under the influence of large-scale forcing.Finally, major research programs that address the role of precipitating convection and mesoscale processes in global models are summarized. 相似文献
20.
Rucong YU Yi ZHANG Jianjie WANG Jian LI Haoming CHEN JiANDong GONG Jing CHEN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):938-960
This review summarizes the scientific and technical progress in atmospheric modeling in China since 2011,including the dynamical core,model physics,data assimilation,ensemble forecasting,and model evaluation strategies.In terms of the dynamical core,important efforts have been made in the improvement of the existing model formulations and in exploring new modeling approaches that can better adapt to massively parallel computers and global multiscale modeling.With regard to model physics,various achievements in physical representations have been made,especially a trend toward scale-aware parameterization for accommodating the increase of model resolution.In the field of data assimilation,a 4D-Var system has been developed and is operationally used by the National Meteorological Center of China,and its performance is promising.Furthermore,ensemble forecasting has played a more important role in operational forecast systems and progressed in many fundamental techniques.Model evaluation strategies,including key performance metrics and standardized experimental protocols,have been proposed and widely applied to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the systems,offering key routes for model improvement.The paper concludes with a concise summary of the status quo and a brief outlook in terms of future development. 相似文献