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1.
物理过程参数化方案对中尺度暴雨数值模拟影响的研究 总被引：48，自引：5，他引：43
利用中尺度非静力MM 5模式和中国 2 0 0 1年 8月的 4个暴雨个例 ,研究了非绝热物理过程对中国暴雨动力和热力场预报的影响 ,深入分析了对流参数化方案在中尺度暴雨预报中的作用 ,讨论了利用模式扰动方法开展中国暴雨集合预报的可行性。结果表明 ,在短期数值预报中 ,非绝热物理过程对高度场预报影响较小 ,但边界层方案和对流参数化方案对产生暴雨的 3个基本条件即水汽通量散度、垂直速度、不稳定层结的影响很明显。不同对流参数化方案所预报的中尺度热力、动力场离差的结构特征与所预报降水的离差特征相似 ,且主要是在模式积分初期迅速增加 ,其后即趋于稳定。对中国热力场较均匀的暴雨过程 ,可以通过扰动模式的边界层和对流参数化方案 ,构造集合预报模式 相似文献
2.
The Uncertainty of Mesoscale Numerical Prediction of Heavy Rain in South China and the Ensemble Simulations? 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the context of non-hydrostatic MM5 version we have explored the impact of convective parameterization schemes on uncertainty in mesoscale numerical prediction of South China heavy rain and mesoscale heavy rainfall short-range ensemble simulation by using two kinds of physics perturbation methods through a heavy rain case occurring on June 8, 1998 in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. The results show the physical process of impacts of convective schemes on heavy rainfall is that different latent heat of convective
condensation produced by different convective schemes can make local temperature perturbation, leading to the difference of local vertical speed by the intrinsic dynamic and thermodynamic processes of atmosphere,and therefore, making difference of the timing, locations and strength of mesh scale and subgrid scale precipitation later. New precipitations become the new source of latent heat and temperature perturbation,which finally make the dynamic and thermodynamic structures different in the simulations. Two kinds of
methods are used to construct different model version stochastically. The first one is using different convective parameterization and planetary boundary layer schemes, the second is adjusting different parameters of convective trigger functions in Grell scheme. The results indicate that the first ensemble simulations can provide more uncertainty information of location and strength of heavy rainfall than the second. The single determinate predictions of heavy rain are unstable; physics ensemble predictions can reflect the uncertainty of heavy rain, provide more useful guidance and have higher application value.Physics ensembles suggest that model errors should be taken into consideration in the heavy rainfall ensembles. Although the method of using different parameters in Grell scheme could not produce good results, how to construct the perturbation model or adjust the parameter in one scheme according to the
physical meaning of the parameter still needs further investigation. The limitation of the current study is that it is based on a single case and more cases will be addressed in the future researches. 相似文献
3.
华南中尺度暴雨数值预报的不确定性与集合预报试验 总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50
利用非静力MM5模式,分析了不同积云对流参数化方案对华南暖区暴雨数值预报的不确定性影响,进行了中尺度暴雨模式扰动集合预报试验。不同对流参数化方案的对流凝结加热引起不同的局地温度扰动,通过大气内部的热力动力过程,导致垂直速度的差异,进而影响网格尺度和次网格尺度降水时间、地点和强度。后续降水再通过凝结潜热释放形成新的扰动源。不同积云对流参数化方案还可引起扰动源能量传播方式不同,最终使模拟大气的动力和热力结构有差异。针对物理过程的不确定性,使用两种模式扰动方法构造集合预报扰动模式,第一种方法是随机组合不同积云对流参数化方案和边界层方案,第二种方法是扰动Grell积云对流参数化方案中主要参数振幅。集合预报结果表明,第一种方法的集合预报效果优于第二种方法,仅扰动参数振幅值似乎还不足以反映华南暴雨预报的不确定性。单一的确定性预报在暴雨落区和强度方面的可信度不稳定,集合产品能给华南暴雨过程提供更有用价值的指导预报,具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
1. IntroductionHeavy rain is a kind of severe natural calamitythat influences South China. After decades of years oftests and theoretical exploration by Chinese scientists,significant progresses have been achieved in its predic-tion and basic theoretical studies (Huang, 1986; Xue,1999; Zhou et al., 2003). Currently, the mesoscale nu-merical model has already been employed as one of themajor tools in the prediction and research on heavyrain in South China, promoting considerably the ac-curac… 相似文献
5.
An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result. 相似文献
6.
中国夏季不同强度降水模拟对不同积云对流参数化方案的敏感性研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用PσRCM9区域气候模式, 分析了中国夏季不同强度降水模拟对不同积云对流参数化方案的敏感性。结果表明, 采用四种积云对流参数化方案, 模式能够模拟出小雨、 大雨和暴雨的雨量百分比和雨日百分比空间分布的一致性特征, 但不能模拟出中雨雨量百分比和雨日百分比空间分布的相似性, 这是由于模式不能模拟中雨雨量百分比的空间分布形式所致。还发现模拟的我国夏季降水以小雨和中雨为主, 四种积云对流参数化方案均低估了中国夏季大雨和暴雨对总降水的贡献, 尤其是在我国西部、 东北和华北地区更明显。不同积云对流参数化方案下模拟的极端强降水阈值的空间分布形式基本与观测一致, 但强度与观测存在较大差异。相比较而言, Grell方案较Kuo、 Anthes-Kuo和Betts-Mille积云对流参数化方案更适合中国东南部地区夏季极端强降水的模拟。 相似文献
7.
利用WRF模式分别耦合YSU、MYJ、ACM2和MRF边界层参数化方案对长江中下游地区2013年7月的一次暴雨个例进行模拟实验。为了检验边界层参数化方案的重要性,研究使用无边界层方案(NOPBL)的WRF模式对这次暴雨进行了模拟。通过与实测数据进行对比和分析,本文检验了这五种不同的实验设计对降水落区、总量、基本气象要素的模拟能力。综合模拟结果表明,不同的边界层参数化方案模拟的结果不同。不论是否使用边界层参数化方案,均能模拟出雨带的基本走向,但不同的方案对降水中心强度及位置的模拟与实况相比有差异。NOPBL产生了最大的偏差,ACM2和MRF次之,MYJ的方案对于小雨与大雨的模拟最优,而YSU对不同强度暴雨模拟的正确率都较高。通过物理量分析对比,MYJ方案较优的原因是:1)风场检测,MYJ方案的模拟结果更接近观测值;2)850 hPa水汽通量散度检测,MYJ方案能够模拟两支水汽输送通道。一支以偏西南风为主,在急流出口区有较强的南风风速辐合,使得从西南方向来的水汽向暴雨区辐合;另一支将偏东水汽向西部输送,保证暴雨区局部辐合。3)垂直速度检测,MYJ,YSU方案模拟的垂直运动中心与降水落区相近,但YSU模拟上升速度偏大,相对而言MYJ方案更合理。 相似文献
8.
In this study, the accuracy of a Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (PSU/NCAR MM5) for predicting heavy summer precipitation over the Korean Peninsula was investigated. A total of 1800 simulations were performed using this model for 30 heavy rainfall events employing four cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS), two grid-scale resolvable precipitation schemes (GRS), and two planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in three model resolutions (90 km, 30 km, and 10 km). The heavy rainfall events were mesoscale convective systems developed under the influence of mid-latitude baroclinic systems with low-level moisture transport from the ocean. The predictive accuracy for maximum rainfall was approximately 80% for 10-km resolution and was 60% for 30-km resolution. The predictive accuracy for rainfall position extended to ～150 km from the observed position for both resolutions. Simulated rainfall was most sensitive to CPS, then to PBL schemes, and then to GRS. In general, the Grell (GR) scheme and the Anthes and Kuo (AK) scheme showed a better prediction capability for heavy rainfall than did the Betts-Miller (BM) scheme and the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme. The GR scheme also performed well in the 24-h and 12-h precipitation predictions: the parameterized convective rainfall in GR is directly related to synoptic-scale forcing. The models without CPS performed better for rainfall amounts but worse for rainfall position than those with CPS. The MM5 model demonstrated substantial predictive capacity using synoptic-scale initial conditions and lateral boundary data because heavy summer rainfall in Korea occurs in a strong synoptic-scale environment. 相似文献
9.
利用中尺度数值模式WRF选取3种边界层参数化方案（YSU、MYJ和ACM2）对2018年8月20日和2019年8月2日宁夏两次低涡暴雨过程进行敏感性试验,对比分析不同边界层参数化方案对暴雨过程模拟的影响。结果表明：YSU和MYJ方案对暴雨的预报性能均较优,ACM2方案对强降水的空报率较大;YSU方案对逐时中等强度降水的模拟效果更优。YSU方案对低涡系统的移动路径和中心强度模拟效果最好。相比ACM2方案,YSU和MYJ方案对环境场物理量和边界层内水汽混合比的模拟更接近实况,并且YSU方案能准确地反映边界层内位温分布特征。YSU与ACM2方案的湍流混合强度更强,后者维持较强湍流的时间更长。总体上,YSU方案对宁夏低涡暴雨过程的模拟效果最优。 相似文献
10.
8.19华北暴雨模拟中微物理方案的对比试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在中尺度模式多种物理过程中,微物理过程是一个非常关键的环节,其不仅直接影响降水预报,而且也影响模式的动力过程.微物理方案有明确的物理基础,但是在实际暴雨模拟中,究竟采取哪一种方案的结果更理想,需要深入比较,因为不同的微物理方案对降水模拟结果有着很大的差异.本文利用中尺度非静力模式WRF (V3.2.1版本),采用36 km、12 km和4 km的格点分辨率,选用七种微物理方案,对2010年8月18~19 日华北地区的暴雨过程进行了敏感性试验.从降水落区和强度方面对总降水的预报性能进行了对比,模拟结果表明:选用不同的微物理方案,可以不同程度地模拟这场暴雨的范围和强度,且选择合理的微物理方案对细网格（4 km）嵌套的模拟也可以相应的提高,从而提高了暴雨模拟的分辨率,为暴雨中小尺度成因分析提供了参考.其中,水平分辨率为36 km时,Lin方案模拟的雨带范围和降水强度与实况拟合的最好;水平分辨率为12 km时,Thompson方案模拟的强降水位置、强度与实况最为接近;而水平分辨率为4 km时,WSM6方案模拟的强降水位置、强度与实况拟合得较好.再结合垂直速度、涡度、散度和雨水混合比等基本物理量的诊断分析,可以更好地理解各微物理方案对降雨预报的影响,所得的结论对我国华北暴雨强降水预报和中尺度模式微物理过程在业务和研究方面有相当的参考价值. 相似文献
11.
分辨率对区域气候极端事件模拟的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
利用NCAR MM5V3对1999年6月长江流域的极端异常降水事件进行了模拟,主要研究不同水平和垂直分辨率对极端区域气候事件模拟的影响。数值模拟试验表明:模式能够模拟出极端强降水的主要分布特征;水平分辨率的提高降低了模式模拟的强降水偏差,对逐日降水变化的模拟更加合理,而垂直分辨率的提高基本上也都减小了模拟的强降水过程的偏差,改善对强降水的模拟能力;模式水平、垂直分辨率的提高在一定程度上增强了对强降水过程的模拟能力。水平分辨率的提高能够改善模式对海平面气压的模拟,而垂直分辨率的提高可以改善模式模拟的地面气温和低层环流。分辨率对中层大气环流的影响不是很敏感。不同积云对流参数化方案模拟的对流降水比率随水平分辨率的变化是不同的,Grell方案对流降水比例随分辨率的提高而增加,而Kain-Fritsch方案的结果相反。 相似文献
12.
WRF模式多种边界层参数化方案对四川盆地不同量级降水影响的数值试验 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用中尺度模式WRF三种边界层参数化方案(MYJ、YSU和ACM2),对2012年四川盆地夏季连续40天逐日降水量进行数值试验,并检验评估了不同边界层参数化方案下模式对分级降水量和边界层结构的模拟能力,分析了各参数化方案对降水量模拟差异的可能原因。结果表明:三种边界层参数化方案对较小量级(小雨和中雨)降水量的模拟,24 h时效优于48 h,ACM2方案效果较好;对较大量级(大雨和暴雨)降水的模拟,48 h时效优于24 h,YSU方案模拟效果较好。对比分析温江站加密探空观测与模式模拟的大气边界层结构表明,ACM2方案对小量级降水时边界层结构的模拟较为准确,而YSU方案更适合于温江站大量级降水时边界层结构的模拟。不同边界层参数化方案对各量级降水量模拟差异的可能原因是边界层湍流混合强度的不同,MYJ方案湍流混合作用较弱,导致底层大量水汽积聚,不稳定性强,容易产生虚假降水,因此对各量级降水模拟能力均有限;YSU方案具有强烈的垂直混合强度,有利于局地水汽的向上输送,更易达到大量级降水发生发展的条件,适用于盆地较大量级降水的模拟;ACM2方案在保证足够湍流混合强度的同时,在较稳定条件下会关闭非局地输送,不致于产生过强降水,适合盆地较小量级降水的数值模拟 相似文献
13.
The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 3 (MM5V3) was used to simulate extreme heavy rainfall events over the Yangtze River Basin in June 1999. The effects of model's horizontal and vertical resolution on the extreme climate events were investigated in detail. In principle, the model was able to characterize the spatial distribution of monthly heavy precipitation. The results indicated that the increase in horizontal resolution could reduce the bias of the modeled heavy rain and reasonably simulate the change of daily precipitation during the study period. A finer vertical resolution led to obviously improve rainfall simulations with smaller biases, and hence, better resolve heavy rainfall events. The increase in both horizontal and vertical resolution could produce better predictions of heavy rainfall events. Not only the rainfall simulation altered in the cases of different horizontal and vertical grid spacing, but also other meteorological fields demonstrated diverse variations in terms of resolution change in the model. An evident improvement in the simulated sea level pressure resulted from the increase of horizontal resolution, but the simulation was insensitive to vertical grid spacing. The increase in vertical resolution could enhance the simulation of surface temperature as well as atmospheric circulation at low levels, while the simulation of circulation at middle and upper levels were found to be much less dependent on changing resolution. In addition, cumulus parameterization schemes showed high sensitivity to horizontal resolution. Different convective schemes exhibited large discrepancies in rainfall simulations with regards to changing resolution. The percentage of convective precipitation in the Grell scheme increased with increasing horizontal resolution. In contrast, the Kain-Fritsch scheme caused a reduced ratio of convective precipitation to total rainfall accumulations corresponding to increasing horizontal resolution. 相似文献
14.
A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center （NCC）, China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP （Institute of Atmospheric Physics） T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year （2001 to 2004） prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process paraxneterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme （MFS） and Betts-Miller scheme （BM） for convective precipitation, the LPMI （land surface process model I） and LPMII （land surface process model Ⅱ） for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE （turbulent kinetic energy） scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 （RegCM_NCC） has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions. 相似文献
15.
DING Yihui SHI Xueli LIU Yiming LIU Yan LI Qingquan QIAN Yongfu MIAO Manqian ZHAI Guoqing GAO Kun 《大气科学进展》2006,23(3)
A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center (NCC), China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year (2001 to 2004) prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process parameterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme (MFS) and Betts-Miller scheme (BM) for convective precipitation, the LPMI (land surface process model I) and LPMII (land surface process model Ⅱ) for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 (RegCM_NCC) has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions. 相似文献
16.
Improvements in WRF simulation skills of southeastern United States summer rainfall: physical parameterization and horizontal resolution 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Realistic regional climate simulations are important in understanding the mechanisms of summer rainfall in the southeastern United States (SE US) and in making seasonal predictions. In this study, skills of SE US summer rainfall simulation at a 15-km resolution are evaluated using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model driven by climate forecast system reanalysis data. Influences of parameterization schemes and model resolution on the rainfall are investigated. It is shown that the WRF simulations for SE US summer rainfall are most sensitive to cumulus schemes, moderately sensitive to planetary boundary layer schemes, and less sensitive to microphysics schemes. Among five WRF cumulus schemes analyzed in this study, the Zhang–McFarlane scheme outperforms the other four. Further analysis suggests that the superior performance of the Zhang–McFarlane scheme is attributable primarily to its capability of representing rainfall-triggering processes over the SE US, especially the positive relationship between convective available potential energy and rainfall. In addition, simulated rainfall using the Zhang–McFarlane scheme at the 15-km resolution is compared with that at a 3-km convection-permitting resolution without cumulus scheme to test whether the increased horizontal resolution can further improve the SE US rainfall simulation. Results indicate that the simulations at the 3-km resolution do not show obvious advantages over those at the 15-km resolution with the Zhang–McFarlane scheme. In conclusion, our study suggests that in order to obtain a satisfactory simulation of SE US summer rainfall, choosing a cumulus scheme that can realistically represent the convective rainfall triggering mechanism may be more effective than solely increasing model resolution. 相似文献
17.
Impacts of Cumulus Convective Parameterization Schemes on Summer Monsoon Precipitation Simulation over China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By using the Betts-Miller-Janjic, Grell-Devenyi, and Kain-Fritsch cumulus convective parameterization
schemes in theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, long time simulations from 2000 to 2009 are
conducted to investigate the impacts of different cumulus convective parameterization schemes on summer
monsoon precipitation simulation over China. The results show that all the schemes have the capability
to reasonably reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions of summer monsoon precipitation and the
corresponding background circulation. The observed north-south shift of monsoon rain belt is also well
simulated by the three schemes. Detailed comparison indicates that the Grell-Devenyi scheme gives a better
performance than the others. Deficiency in simulated water vapor transport is one possible reason for the
precipitation simulation bias. 相似文献
18.
为了研究WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）中尺度模式中积云对流参数化方案对夏季降水预报的影响,基于水平分辨率为9 km的WRF模式,采用Kain-Fritsch（KF）、尺度适应的KF、Tiedtke、new Tiedtke和尺度适应的new Tiedtke方案等5种积云对流参数化方案对中国2019年6—8月的降水进行了模拟。结果表明,两种尺度适应方案对夏季平均降水的量级和落区的预报比原方案（KF方案和new Tiedtke方案）更优,且能正确预报北方和南方的降水峰值时间。而Tiedtke方案、new Tiedtke方案和KF方案均提前了降水峰值时间。在降水的概率分布方面,相比原始的KF和new Tiedtke方案,其尺度适应方案降低（提高）了中小（大）量级降水的频率,模拟的50 mm/d量级以下的降水频次相对更接近观测,但高估了50 mm/d量级以上的降水频次。进一步对比5种方案的次网格积云降水与网格可分辨微物理降水对总降水的贡献,KF和new Tiedtke方案试验中总降水主要由积云降水主导,而Tiedtke方案和两种方案的尺度适应版本则由微物理过程降水主导。随着降水率的增大,尺度适应的KF方案和尺度适应的new Tiedtke方案中积云降水占比迅速减小到30%以下,对50 mm/d量级以上的降水,积云降水占比低于15%。而KF方案在25 mm/d量级以下的降水中,随着降水率的增大积云降水占比反而提高。统计评分表明,尺度适应KF方案和尺度适应new Tiedtke方案有助于减少小量级降水的空报和大量级降水的漏报,对0.1 mm到25 mm的24 h降水的TS评分均高于原始的KF和new Tiedtke方案。 相似文献
19.
利用有限区域非静力MM5模式, 分析了显式降水方案对于2003年7月4—5日南京暴雨数值模拟的不确定性影响。采用混合方案模拟此次暴雨时, 这种不确定性决定于显式和隐式方案的相互协调性及敏感性; 隐式方案基本决定了雨带的整体的空间分布, 而显式方案对于降水型及降水量起到一定的调节作用, 调节的程度与选择的参数化方案有关; 采用隐式方案Grell和KF2模拟此次暴雨时, 应考虑不同的显式方案对于降水模拟的不确定性的影响。 相似文献
20.
以2011年第19号台风"尼格"造成的海南岛强降水为研究对象,选取WRF3.0版本中多种不同积云参数化、微物理过程,边界层和陆面过程方案等多种组合进行敏感试验,采用TS和RMS评分检验,通过分析得到结论:积云对流化参数方案的选择对于海南岛的降水模拟影响最敏感,当积云参数化方案固定时与其他各种方案组合,选取WS3,WS5,WS6微物理过程方案时,相对效果较好,陆面过程和边界层方案的选取对降水模拟效果的影响相对较小。 相似文献