共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
中国冬夏季模式降水方案的应用分析研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对中国冬夏季各一次降水过程的模拟分析 ,研究了不同云降水方案在中国区域的应用特征。结果指出 ,夏季 ,Kain Fritsch(KF)和Betts Miller(BM)积云方案模拟产生的积云降水是有差异的 ,KF方案对本次连续降水过程的预报要优于BM方案 ;KF方案和BM方案可以使周围环境大气状况发生不同的变化 ,KF方案可以使周围环境大气变得更湿、上升气流更加深厚 ,更有利于网格尺度降水的产生 ,即不同积云对流方案对网格尺度降水具有重要的影响 ;冬季 ,中国北方大陆基本没有对流降水产生 ,不同积云对流方案对网格尺度降水预报的影响基本可以不予考虑 ,中国北方的冬季降水主要是由网格尺度降水构成的。 相似文献
2.
1~10 km水平分辨率是中尺度模式是否采用积云对流参数化方案的"灰色带"。基于青岛市气象局9 km分辨率WRF模式,分别选择KF、GD和BMJ三种积云对流参数化方案对青岛5次大范围降雨过程进行预报试验,分析比较不同积云对流参数化方案对青岛地区降水预报效果的影响。结果表明,这三种积云对流参数化方案对不同量级的降雨具有不同的预报性能:BMJ对小雨预报性能最佳;没有考虑积云对流参数化过程的控制试验对中雨的预报效果最好,KF方案次之;GD方案对大雨和暴雨预报效果均较好。对稳定性降水,GD方案对沿海站点降雨量预报效果较好,KF方案则对内陆站点预报性能较好;对对流性降水,BMJ方案无论是在沿海站点还是在内陆站点都有比较好的预报效果。在降雨空间分布上,对稳定性降水过程,各试验方案均模拟出了小于50 mm的降雨区,对大于100 mm强降雨区,GD方案具有较好的预报效果;对对流性降水过程,BMJ方案预报效果整体较好。 相似文献
3.
不同云降水方案对一次登陆台风的降水模拟 总被引：5，自引：8，他引：5
利用美国最新发展的新一代中尺度数值预报模式(WRF),研究了不同云降水方案对一次登陆台风的降水模拟问题,结果表明,在网格距适当小的情况下,同时采用积云对流参数化方案和云微物理方案(Kessler方案)时,其降水预报优于只使用积云对流参数化方案时的预报;在台风降水模拟的初期,Kain-Fritsch方案比Betts-Miller方案产生降水更快,更接近实况降水;在台风登陆后随时间的延长,对流降水重要性逐步下降,网格尺度降水逐渐增强。 相似文献
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5.
使用1980～2017年共38年崇明站逐日降水资料对崇明站年降水量及暴雨日数的特征进行分析,并使用中尺度数值预报模式WRF3.9.1.1（Weather Research and Forecasting model）针对崇明年降水量及暴雨日数异常年份2015年的最强降水过程进行数值模拟,结合站点降水观测资料使用统计方法来系统验证模拟结果。通过敏感性试验着重研究尺度自适应的GF（Grell–Freitas）与传统的KF（Kain–Fritsch）、BMJ（Betts–Miller–Janji?）积云对流参数化方案在不同比率的网格嵌套方式下对于本次过程极端降水总量及逐时变化预报的影响。研究结果表明:使用大比率（9:1或15:1）的双层嵌套可以更真实地模拟强降水区累积降水量分布和逐时变化情况,而使用传统的小比率（3:1或5:1）三层嵌套网格会导致大暴雨和特大暴雨的TS（Threat Score）评分降低,小时降水峰值模拟偏弱等问题;模式外圈使用传统的KF、BMJ积云对流方案比尺度自适应的GF方案对于内圈高分辨率的极端降水总量、逐时变化模拟更有优势,特别是使用KF方案,可以更真实地模拟出极端降水中心的日变化强度;而使用GF方案对于入海口降水模拟偏弱,大暴雨和特大暴雨的TS评分普遍偏低,小时降水峰值也被严重低估。 相似文献
6.
WRF模式中不同积云对流参数化方案对比试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文主要对基于WRF模式的快速同化系统 (RUC) 中使用的积云对流参数化方案进行简单介绍, 并对不同积云对流参数化方案进行了典型个例降水预报的对比试验和检验。结果表明, 总体预报效果以KF和GD方案较好, 具体表现在雨区分布及大暴雨中心强度, 对流降水对总降水贡献, 在中低层流场高低值系统分布, 以及冷空气活动引起的变温正负中心强度及位置, KF和GD方案模拟结果可以较好地反映观测实况, TS评分结果也表明KF和GD方案在小级别降水预报中占有优势。 相似文献
7.
运用WRF模式（Weather Research and Forecasting Model,天气研究和预报模式）和WRFDA同化（WRF Data Assimilation,WRF资料同化）系统,探究采用物理滤波初始化四维变分同化方法提高数值预报在临近预报时效的预报能力的可能性。通过采用12 min同化窗,在不显著增加计算量的情况下,得到更协调的模式初始场,从而提高模式预报能力。选取2018年8月华北地区17个降水个例进行研究,结果表明:采用物理滤波初始化四维变分同化技术能够明显改进模式短时临近降水预报能力,明显提高对大量级降水预报的ETS评分,6 h累积降水大于25.0 mm量级的ETS评分由0.125提高到0.190,且6 h累积降水大于60.0 mm量级的ETS评分由0.016提高到0.081。研究还表明:同化雷达风场通过改进初始动力场使次网格尺度降水过程（积云参数化）快速响应,可提高短时临近时段的降水预报能力。 相似文献
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基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其3Dvar(3-Dimentional Variational)资料同化系统,采用36、12、4 km嵌套网格进行快速更新循环同化和不同的微物理及积云对流参数化方案对比试验,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了研究。结果表明,快速更新循环同化地面观测资料是影响模式降水落区预报准确性的关键因素,不同的微物理和积云对流参数化方案主要影响降水强度预报。采用不同的微物理参数化方案和积云对流参数化方案进行降水预报对比试验表明,LIN方案和WSM6(WRF Single-Moment 6-class)微物理参数化方案对降水预报均较好,LIN方案降水预报较WSM6方案略强。4 km网格预报使用K-F (Kain-Fritsch)积云对流参数化方案或不使用积云对流参数化方案,预报的降水均较好。4 km网格使用旧的K-F积云对流参数化方案,预报的近地层大气风场偏弱,导致大气动力抬升作用偏弱,从而造成模式降水预报偏弱。 相似文献
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主要介绍了贵州中尺度数值预报系统、中尺度模式MM5以及业务情况。业务运行实践证明，系统具有较强的短期天气预报能力，对降水的量级和落区预报效果较好。选取4种积云对流参数化方案和两种边界层参数化方案对贵州汛期11个降水个例进行36h的降水模拟，经检验、分析和比较发现：各种方案预报效果的优劣在不同条件下有所不同，没有哪一种方案的预报效果是绝对最优的，总的来说：对50mm以下的降水，GR方案的预报效果较好，而KF方案则较差；对50mm以上的降水，BM、KF方案的预报效果一般较好；降水的模拟对参数化方案敏感。 相似文献
10.
利用WRFV3. 6的8种微物理方案和6种积云参数化方案对湖北及其周边地区夏季12次暴雨过程进行回报,分析各种方案对暴雨预报的影响。结果显示,各种方案均能较好地预报出降水过程,但其降水强度和范围存在一定差异。当积云参数化方案为KF方案时,对Lin、WSM6、Thompson、Morrison 2-mom、CAM5. 1、WDM5、WDM6、NSSL 2-mom微物理方案做敏感性试验,发现CAM 5. 1方案优于其他7种微物理方案,M orrison 2-mom次之。当微物理方案为CAM 5. 1时,对KF、BM J、GD、SAS、G3D、Tiedtke积云参数化方案做敏感性试验,发现在不同量级降水预报中,6种积云参数化方案各有优劣。综合考虑,GD、SAS、Tiedtke积云参数化方案优于其他3种方案。在此基础上开展多方案集成试验,结果表明集合平均(ensemble mean,EMN)在一定程度上可以减少预报误差,降低单个成员预报的不确定性。 相似文献
11.
Impacts of Cumulus Convective Parameterization Schemes on Summer Monsoon Precipitation Simulation over China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 
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下载免费PDF全文 By using the Betts-Miller-Janjic, Grell-Devenyi, and Kain-Fritsch cumulus convective parameterization
schemes in theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, long time simulations from 2000 to 2009 are
conducted to investigate the impacts of different cumulus convective parameterization schemes on summer
monsoon precipitation simulation over China. The results show that all the schemes have the capability
to reasonably reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions of summer monsoon precipitation and the
corresponding background circulation. The observed north-south shift of monsoon rain belt is also well
simulated by the three schemes. Detailed comparison indicates that the Grell-Devenyi scheme gives a better
performance than the others. Deficiency in simulated water vapor transport is one possible reason for the
precipitation simulation bias. 相似文献
12.
尺度适应(scale-aware)的物理过程是现代数值预报发展的一种趋势,本文针对GRAPES_Meso(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System)模式没有考虑物理过程尺度适应的现状,首先在KFeta(Kain-Fritsch Eta)积云对流参数化方案中引进了尺度适应过程,对该方案的对流时间尺度、格点垂直速度以及夹卷率进行了基于尺度适应参数化的改进。为研究尺度适应KFeta方案与原KFeta方案对不同分辨率模式模拟结果的影响,选取了一次华南飑线过程进行数值模拟和影响分析。结果表明:在3 km、5 km、10 km、20 km水平分辨率的GRAPES_Meso模式中,尺度适应KFeta方案相比原方案,对降水强度及落区分布的模拟有一定的正效果,随着模式水平分辨率提高,次网格降水减少、格点降水增多、对流层中低层夹卷略有增强,对原来存在的对流层高层及低层偏冷的偏差有一定的改进,对流活跃区域的上升气流强度、云中水凝物含量更符合真实的天气系统演变。综合来看,改进后的方案更适用于高分辨率数值预报模式,该研究结果可以为尺度适应对流参数化方案的应用及数值模式强降水预报性能的优化提供有益的参考。 相似文献
13.
Sensitivity of Precipitation over China to Different Cumulus Parameterization Schemes in RegCM4 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The effect of different cumulus parameterization schemes(CPSs) on precipitation over China is investigated by using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 4.3(Reg CM-4.3) coupled with the land surface model BATS1e(Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme version1e). The ERA-interim data are utilized to drive a group of simulations over a 31-yr period from September1982 to December 2012. Two typically sensitive regions, i.e., the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP; 29°–38°N,90°–100°E) and eastern China(EC; 26°–32°N, 110°–120°E), are focused on. The results show that all the CPSs have well reproduced the spatial distribution of annual precipitation in China. The simulation with the Emanuel scheme shows an overall overestimation of precipitation in China, different from the other three CPSs which only overestimate over northern and northwestern China but underestimate over southern China. Seasonally, the Tiedtke scheme shows the smallest overestimation in winter and summer, and the best simulation of the annual variance of precipitation. Interannual variations of precipitation among the four CPSs are generally simulated better in summer than in winter, and better for entire China than in the subregions of TP and EC. The precipitation trend is simulated better over EC than over TP, and better in summer than in winter. An overestimate(underestimate) of the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI) exists in the simulations with the Grell and the Emanuel(the Kuo and the Tiedtke) schemes.The smallest EASMI bias in the Tiedtke simulation could explain its small precipitation bias. A negative correlation between the EASMI and summer precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is found in the Grell and the Emanuel simulations, but was missed by the simulations using the Kuo and the Tiedtke schemes. 相似文献
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区域气候模式不同积云对流参数化方案对新疆气候模拟的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
使用NCEP-FNL全球分析资料作为WRF模式的初始场和边界场,利用该模式中7种积云对流参数化方案对新疆地区进行2006年10月1日至2008年3月1日的模拟积分试验,重点考察模式在水平分辨率为10 km下不同积云对流参数化方案对新疆地区气象要素模拟的敏感性。结果表明:1）采用7种积云对流参数化方案的模式都能较好地模拟出年、雨季总降水量、平均温度的空间分布及大气的垂直结构。2）对于不同区域来说,采用各种积云对流参数化方案的模式都能模拟出候降水及候平均温度随时间演变,模式候降水与观测的相关系数在0.20~0.85之间,而候平均温度与观测的相关系数在0.98以上。对于整个新疆地区来说,采用各方案模式模拟的低层偏干偏冷,大气层结较稳定导致降水较观测偏少,而其中天山地区模式模拟的低层较观测偏湿偏暖,大气层结偏向不稳定导致降水偏多。3）采用新的Grell和Kain-Fritsch（new Eta）方案模式模拟的效果综合来看较好。因此利用WRF模式开展新疆地区数值模拟研究时应该考虑不同积云对流参数化方案适用范围。 相似文献
15.
An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result. 相似文献
16.
Application and Study of Precipitation Schemes in Weather Simulation in Summer and Winter over China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 XU Guoqiang WAN Qilin HUANG Liping XUE Jishan CHEN Dehui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(1):28-38
Through simulation of summer and winter precipitation cases in China, the cloud precipitation schemes of model were examined. Results indicate that it is discrepant between convective precipitation simulated by the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme and Betts-Miller (BM) scheme in summer, the former scheme is better than the latter in this case. The ambient atmosphere may be varied by different convective schemes. The air is wetter and the updraft is stronger in the KF scheme than in the BM scheme, which can induce the more grid scale precipitation in the KF scheme, i.e., the different cumulus schemes may have the different and important effect on the grid scale precipitation. However, there is almost no convective rain in winter in northern China, so the effect of cumulus precipitation on the grid scale precipitation can be disregarded. Therefore, the gird scale precipitation is primary in the winter of northern China. 相似文献
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This study discusses the sensitivity of convective parameterization schemes(CPSs) in the Regional Climate Model(version 4.3)(Reg CM4.3) over East/South Asia. The simulations using different CPSs in Reg CM are compared to discover a suitable scheme for this region, as the performance of different schemes is greatly influenced by region and seasonality. Over Southeast China and the Bay of Bengal, the Grell scheme exhibits the lowest RMSEs of summer precipitation compared to observed data. Moreover, the Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean(ELGO) scheme enhances the simulation, in comparison with any single CPS(Grell/Emanuel) over Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, and Southeast India. Over the Huang–Huai–Hai Plain(3H) and Tibetan Plateau(TP) regions of China, the Tiedtke scheme simulates the more reasonable summer precipitation with high correlation coefficient and comparable amplitude. Especially, it reproduces a minimum convective precipitation bias of 8 mm d-1and the lowest RMSEs throughout the year over East/South Asia. Furthermore, for seasonal variation of precipitation, the Tiedtke scheme results are closer to the observed data over the 3H and TP regions. However, none of the CPSs is able to simulate the seasonal variation over North Pakistan(NP). In comparison with previous research, the results of this study support the Grell scheme over South Asia. However, the Tiedtke scheme shows superiority for the 3H, TP and NP regions. The thicker PBL, less surface latent heat flux, the unique ability of deep convection and the entrainment process in the Tiedtke scheme are responsible for reducing the wet bias. 相似文献
18.
Summary A set of mesoscale numerical simulations using the Emanuel and Kain-Fritsch deep convection schemes has been performed in order to determine the sensitivity of the forecast-especially, the rainfall-to the scheme used. The study is carried out for two cases of heavy precipitation in the coastal zone of the Western Mediterranean, where the topographic forcing is of primary influence. The first one, characterized by an almost stationary synoptic situation, is dominated by warm, moist advection at low levels; the second one, of frontal type, presents a much stronger dynamic forcing at upper levels. Although the comparison attempt is conditioned by the limited number of considered cases, the numerical results provide at least some preliminary conclusions. The inclusion of a convective scheme improves the forecast precipitation, through two actions: directly, producing more realistic rainfall patterns in areas of convection; indirectly, avoiding excessive precipitation in areas with orographic or dynamical upward forcing by drying and stabilizing the atmosphere upstream. In particular, the Kain-Fritsch scheme seems to be more sensitive to the orographic forcing, in agreement with observations.With 21 Figures 相似文献
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基于星载测雨雷达探测的亚洲对流和层云降水季尺度特征分析 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
利用热带测雨卫星搭载的测雨雷达10年探测结果,就季尺度亚洲对流降水和层云降水的降水频次和强度及降水垂直结构的特点进行了研究.结果表明春、秋、冬三季东亚季平均降水环西太平洋副热带高压呈带状分布,雨强一般不超过10 mm/d;夏季,沿孟加拉湾、中国西南、中国东部至日本的大片雨区中出现了大于12 mm/d强降水;亚洲陆面对流和层云降水强度均弱于洋面.亚洲山地强迫不但可引起迎风坡上千公里长度的高降水频次和强降水带,而且导致其下风方向降水频次减少.季尺度降水频次分析表明,亚洲大部分地区对流降水频次小于3%;而层云降水频次一般大于3%,最高可超过10%;副热带高压南侧及西南侧的热带地区对流和层云降水频次均高于副热带高压北侧及西北侧的中纬度地区;降水频次的区域分布还表明,春季中南半岛至中国华南及南海南部对流活动多于同期的印度次大陆.季平均对流和层云降水廓线的季节变化主要表现为"雨顶"高度的季节变化,即降水云的厚度变化;两类降水平均廓线季节变化的区域性差异表明,热带外地区较热带地区显著、陆面较同纬度洋面显著、孟加拉湾比南海显著,而南海和西太平洋暖池无明显的季节变化.此外,降水结构的剖面分析还表明对流降水存在4层结构、层云降水存在3层结构. 相似文献