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1.
基于9 km分辨率的中尺度数值模式WRF,通过TS评分、降水空间分布和降水强度检验评估3种积云对流和7种云微物理参数化方案对2014年5月10日青岛地区的一次暴雨天气的预报性能。结果表明:在分辨率为9 km的模式中考虑KF、GD和BMJ积云对流参数化方案时,能够不同程度提高大雨和暴雨的TS评分,且GD方案模拟的降雨落区和强度更接近实况。7种云微物理方案对暴雨模拟效果相差不大,平均TS评分达到0.64,其中KESSLER方案预报性能最好,TS评分达到0.73,其次是WSM6、LIN和WSM5方案,但也大都表现出暴雨范围偏大、雨量偏强的特点。对于此次降雨过程,积云对流参数化方案的预报性能优于云微物理过程方案的表现。  相似文献   

2.
WRF模式中微物理和积云参数化方案的对比试验   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
为了研究微物理参数化方案对珠江三角洲(简称珠三角)降水模拟的影响,利用WRF中尺度数值预报模式,在3 km模式分辨率下,在微物理方案为WSM6方案条件下,选用KF、BMJ、GD以及G3等四种积云参数化方案对2010年5月14日广东珠三角地区的一次暴雨过程进行了模拟试验。结果显示,KF方案对于降水带和降水量的模拟与实况较为一致。在积云参数化方案为KF条件下,分别选用Kessler、Lin et al、WSM 3、WSM5、Ferrier(New eta)和WSM6等6种微物理方案再次对这次暴雨过程进行模拟试验,模拟结果的对比分析表明:选用Lin et al微物理方案时,模式较好地模拟出了强降水雨带的位置和降水强度;而其他5种参数方案的模拟效果均不好,降水量明显偏小,雨带位置偏差较大;同时对低空急流、K指数和上升速度等物理量分析可知,Lin et al方案能较好地模拟出降水实况。  相似文献   

3.
WRF模式中的微物理过程及其预报对比试验   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式系统是由许多美国研究部门及大学的科学家共同参与进行开发研究的新一代中尺度同化预报系统。本文主要对公开发布的WRF模式V2.0版本中使用的微物理过程方案进行简单介绍,并在国家气象中心建立的与T213中期预报模式相嵌套的预报系统的基础上,对不同微物理过程方案进行了降水预报对比试验和检验,对各方案的降水预报性能进行初步评估。试验结果表明,总体预报效果LIN方案较好,而对流参数化方案从降水落区预报和对流降水对总降水的贡献两方面看则是KF和NKF方案的预报效果较好。  相似文献   

4.
在利用WRF模式模拟2015年7月29日内蒙古中部地区一次典型冷涡天气系统影响下的冰雹过程基础上,初步探讨积云(KF、BMJ、GD、G3)和微物理(Lin、WSM6、GM、NT、MYDM7)参数化方案对冰雹模拟结果的影响。液态和固态降水粒子质量浓度时间变化受微物理与积云参数化方案共同影响,水汽、能量以及动力条件主要受积云参数化方案影响。综合考虑不同等级降水的TS评分和呼和浩特市两次对流过程的模拟效果,4种积云参数化方案中,KF表现最优,其次是G3和GD方案,BMJ的模拟效果较差。5种微物理方案中Lin和WSM6模拟效果较好,其中WSM6-KF模拟的降水粒子质量浓度的时间变化、水汽和能量条件以及动力条件的效果最优。  相似文献   

5.
利用我国新一代GRAPES_Meso区域中尺度数值预报模式,通过调整边界层方案、陆面过程方案、微物理过程方案和积云对流方案,形成8组不同的参数化组合方案,对甘肃河东地区2015年7—8月的高空要素、2 m气温和降水开展了对比试验,结果表明:当微物理过程为WSM6类方案、积云对流为KF方案、边界层为MRF方案、陆面过程为LSM方案时,GRAPES_Meso模式对甘肃东部地区500 hPa高空要素的预报效果最优;微物理过程为WSM6类方案、积云对流为KF方案、边界层为 MRF方案、陆面过程为SLAB方案的组合方案对甘肃东部的2 m气温和降水预报效果最优。  相似文献   

6.
基于WRF模式,采用4层嵌套方案,选取3种积云参数化方案和7种微物理方案组成21种组合,对清江流域2016—2018年6—10月6次典型降雨事件进行数值预报,结合CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源融合降水产品,采用TS评分和FSS评分,分析不同分辨率和云微物理方案的降雨预报效果;基于较优组合方案的WRF模式与WRF-Hydro水文模式耦合进行径流模拟,分析WRF模式在水文模拟中的应用效果。结果表明:3 km和1 km分辨率对降雨中心位置及强度预报的差别不大,对降雨落区都有较好的预报能力;在积云参数化方案中,KF方案和BMJ方案的降雨预报效果优于GF方案;在微物理方案中,WSM3、WSM5、WSM6、Thompson方案的预报结果与融合数据有较好的一致性;基于较优组合方案BMJ_WSM3,将WRF模式与WRF-Hydro模式耦合,耦合模式能较好地模拟洪水过程,径流模拟相关系数都在0.67以上,且NSE最高可达0.79。   相似文献   

7.
利用WRF模式和GFS资料对一次大尺度天气系统作用下的暴雨过程进行了回报,分析了WRF模式不同降水方案和3种不同的水平分辨率(45km,15km和5km)对降水预报效果的影响。结果表明:①对于大尺度强迫作用较强的暴雨,尤其是层状云降水为主的暴雨,云微物理过程方案对降水的影响远大于积云参数化方案对降水的影响。②WRF模式不同的微物理过程方案对各等级降水量的预报效果差别较大。其中Kessler方案的TS评分明显随降水量级的增加而减小,其他6个方案的TS评分都呈现"两头大,中间小"的特点,即小雨和暴雨的TS评分较高,而中雨和大雨的TS评分较低。③对于小雨量级的降水,Lin方案的预报效果最好;对于中雨和大雨量级的降水,WSM 3方案的预报效果最好;对于暴雨量级的降水,WSM 5方案的预报效果最好;整体预报效果最好的是WSM 3方案,其次是WSM 5方案,Kessler方案最差。④WRF模式的降水预报效果并不总是随水平分辨率的提高而提高。模式水平分辨率的提高存在明显的阈值(15km左右),当模式的水平分辨率提高到超过这一阈值以后,预报效果开始转差。  相似文献   

8.
王德立  徐国强 《气象科技》2012,40(6):949-959
在高水平分辨率模式(3~6 km)中,对于是否应该再使用积云参数化方案,仍存在着争论.为此,利用WRF模式,在5 km水平分辨率下,研究了不同云降水方案对一次台风过程模拟的影响,并对影响原因进行了初步探索.结果表明,即使在5 km高水平分辨率下,使用积云参数化方案仍能有效改善对台风路径的模拟,同时,成熟的混合冰相微物理方案对模拟台风路径也非常重要;对台风强度模拟,对积云参数化方案的选择较为敏感和复杂;在48 h预报时效内,只使用微物理方案模拟的降水较好,使用积云参数化方案容易产生较多的虚假降水,但能改善第3天24 h累积降水模拟.这些研究结果为利用高水平分辨率模式模拟台风和改进积云参数化方案提供一定借鉴.  相似文献   

9.
基于全可压非静力中尺度预报模式WRF,选取Lin、WSM3、WSM5、WSM6、Goddard五种云微物理方案和Kain-Fritsch积云对流参数化方案,对2017年6月10日的江淮暴雨过程开展高分辨率数值预报试验,重点研究了云微物理方案对强降水预报的敏感性。结果表明:Lin方案模拟的局地暴雨区降水量随时间的演变与实况较为吻合,但降雨量偏小,WSM5、WSM6和Goddard方案模拟的降水量级与实况更为吻合;不同云微物理方案对此次江淮暴雨的预报能力具有明显差异,小雨量区域的模拟效果基本一致,暴雨和大暴雨对云微物理方案更加敏感;云中水成物的三维结构特征差异明显,其水成物含量也显著不同。WSM5方案模拟的雨水和云水含量较高,其降水量和落区质量较好;不同微物理方案产生差异明显的垂直速度,导致云量、云高有所差异,进而影响降水预报的性能,说明选用更为敏感的云微物理方案对降水预报质量的改善具有重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
利用WRF模式不同积云对流和微物理过程参数化方案对2015年8月1—3日青海省大范围降水过程进行了模拟,并利用MET(数值模式评估系统)对本次模拟结果进行了检验,结果表明:(1)此次过程,模式存在"早报"现象,尽管大部分方案预报降水量均偏多,但从降水过程中心位置和强度来看,BMJ(积云对流)/Thompson(微物理)组合方案模拟效果较为理想,Grell/WSM5和KF/Kessler次之;Grell/WSM5从降水极值点的空间分布特征和降水量级上模拟结果较为理想。(2)就空报率和漏报率的空间分布而言,空报率远高于漏报率,空报率高值区主要分布在玉树南部和海西东北部,模式对玉树地区的预报存在较大的误差。(3)用SEDS(对称极值依赖评分)评估极端降水,Grell/WSM5对极端降水的预报效果较好。(4)主观判断降水空间分布特征无法量化预报的质量,且单一的评分指数因侧重点不同无法综合评价模式的预报能力,故选用8种评分或指标进行定量评估,其结果表明,WSM5方案(微物理)的R(相关系数)较大且RMSE(均方根误差)较小,Grell/WSM5对此次降水预报效果最好,Grell/Kessler次之。综合来看,对此次降水个例Grell/WSM5组合方案为最优组合方案,参数化方案的优选有利于客观把握模式的预报能力与预报技巧,有利于提高区域数值模式在青海高原的适用性。  相似文献   

11.
不同降水方案对"03.7"一次暴雨过程模拟的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
观测和数值模拟研究已经表明,潜热释放对中国东部夏季梅雨锋系统及其锋面降水的维持和发展发挥着非常重要的作用.然而,目前对于梅雨锋降水模拟中各种降水方案的相互协调和系统评估方面的工作仍不多见,为了增进对梅雨锋暴雨模拟中降水过程的认识,作者针对2003年7月4~5日一次梅雨锋暴雨过程,构造了四组试验,利用MM5模式考察了两种分辨率(36 km、12 km),各种隐/显式方案搭配下,对所生成的雨带、雨量和降水类型的配置进行了仔细的研究,得到了一些有意义的结论,为今后更好地使用模式、利用数值模式来认识中尺度降水过程中的气象问题打下基础.主要结论包括:模拟总降水的水平分布和强度,以及显式降水和隐式降水的划分对积云参数化方案的选择非常敏感.但对特定积云参数化方案而言,降水的模拟对36 km、12 km水平分辨率不敏感(除Betts-Miller方案外);在中尺度网格分辨率10~50 km范围内,不同积云参数化方案对梅雨锋降水分布和降水量模拟的影响比不同显式方案带来的变化大得多.  相似文献   

12.
Model precipitation can be produced implicitly through convective parameterization schemes or explicitly through cloud microphysics schemes. These two precipitation production schemes control the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and consequently can yield distinct vertical profiles of heating and moistening in the atmosphere. The partition between implicit and explicit precipitation can be different as the model changes resolutions. Within the range of mesoscale resolutions (about 20 km) and cumulus scale, hybrid solutions are suggested, in which cumulus convection parameterization is acting together with the explicit form of representation. In this work, it is proposed that, as resolution increases, the convective scheme should convert less condensed water into precipitation. Part of the condensed water is made available to the cloud microphysics scheme and another part evaporates. At grid sizes smaller than 3 km, the convective scheme is still active in removing convective instability, but precipitation is produced by cloud microphysics. The Eta model version using KF cumulus parameterization was applied in this study. To evaluate the quantitative precipitation forecast, the Eta model with the KF scheme was used to simulate precipitation associated with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and Cold Front (CF) events. Integrations with increasing horizontal resolutions were carried out for up to 5 days for the SACZ cases and up to 2 days for the CF cases. The precipitation partition showed that most of precipitation was generated by the implicit scheme. As the grid size decreased, the implicit precipitation increased and the explicit decreased. However, as model horizontal resolution increases, it is expected that precipitation be represented more explicitly. In the KF scheme, the fraction of liquid water or ice, generated by the scheme, which is converted into rain or snow is controlled by a parameter S 1. An additional parameter was introduced into KF scheme and the parameter acts to evaporate a fraction of liquid water or ice left in the model grid by S 1 and return moisture to the resolved scale. An F parameter was introduced to combine the effects of S 1 and S 2 parameters. The F parameter gives a measure of the conversion of cloud liquid water or ice to convective precipitation. A function dependent on the horizontal resolution was introduced into the KF scheme to influence the implicit and explicit precipitation partition. The explicit precipitation increased with model resolution. This function reduced the positive precipitation bias at all thresholds and for the studied weather systems. With increased horizontal resolution, the maximum precipitation area was better positioned and the total precipitation became closer to observations. Skill scores for all events at different forecast ranges showed precipitation forecast improvement with the inclusion of the function F.  相似文献   

13.
敏感性试验表明集合变换卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter,ETKF)方法在混合(Hybrid)同化过程中易受观测资料数量变化的影响而产生较大程度的协方差震荡,从而可能导致系统不稳定。为设计一种简便、稳定的Hybrid同化系统,构建了一种基于物理控制变量扰动及多物理参数化方案的Hybrid同化及预报系统。本系统随着循环的进行,不断对Hybrid同化分析场进行控制变量扰动得到集合成员初始场,并且对各集合成员采用不同物理参数化方案以更合理地表征背景场的误差特征。连续10 d的循环同化及预报试验表明,本文同化方案效果明显优于三维变分方案,动力场的整体同化和预报效果与ETKF方案基本相当。本方案相比于ETKF方法不受观测波动影响,在没有经任何参数调试情况下,取得了良好同化和预报效果,为Hybrid同化的便捷运行提供了一种稳定可靠的手段。  相似文献   

14.
The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) two-moment bulk microphysics scheme was adopted in this study to investigate the representation of cloud and precipitation processes under different environmental conditions.The scheme predicts the mixing ratio of water vapor as well as the mixing ratios and number concentrations of cloud droplets,rain,ice,snow,and graupel.A new parameterization approach to simulate heterogeneous droplet activation was developed in this scheme.Furthermore,the improved CAMS scheme was coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF v3.1),which made it possible to simulate the microphysics of clouds and precipitation as well as the cloud-aerosol interactions in selected atmospheric condition.The rain event occurring on 27-28 December 2008 in eastern China was simulated using the CAMS scheme and three sophisticated microphysics schemes in the WRF model.Results showed that the simulated 36-h accumulated precipitations were generally agreed with observation data,and the CAMS scheme performed well in the southern area of the nested domain.The radar reflectivity,the averaged precipitation intensity,and the hydrometeor mixing ratios simulated by the CAMS scheme were generally consistent with those from other microphysics schemes.The hydrometeor number concentrations simulated by the CAMS scheme were also close to the experiential values in stratus clouds.The model results suggest that the CAMS scheme performs reasonably well in describing the microphysics of clouds and precipitation in the mesoscale WRF model.  相似文献   

15.
Realistic regional climate simulations are important in understanding the mechanisms of summer rainfall in the southeastern United States (SE US) and in making seasonal predictions. In this study, skills of SE US summer rainfall simulation at a 15-km resolution are evaluated using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model driven by climate forecast system reanalysis data. Influences of parameterization schemes and model resolution on the rainfall are investigated. It is shown that the WRF simulations for SE US summer rainfall are most sensitive to cumulus schemes, moderately sensitive to planetary boundary layer schemes, and less sensitive to microphysics schemes. Among five WRF cumulus schemes analyzed in this study, the Zhang–McFarlane scheme outperforms the other four. Further analysis suggests that the superior performance of the Zhang–McFarlane scheme is attributable primarily to its capability of representing rainfall-triggering processes over the SE US, especially the positive relationship between convective available potential energy and rainfall. In addition, simulated rainfall using the Zhang–McFarlane scheme at the 15-km resolution is compared with that at a 3-km convection-permitting resolution without cumulus scheme to test whether the increased horizontal resolution can further improve the SE US rainfall simulation. Results indicate that the simulations at the 3-km resolution do not show obvious advantages over those at the 15-km resolution with the Zhang–McFarlane scheme. In conclusion, our study suggests that in order to obtain a satisfactory simulation of SE US summer rainfall, choosing a cumulus scheme that can realistically represent the convective rainfall triggering mechanism may be more effective than solely increasing model resolution.  相似文献   

16.
变性再发展热带气旋Yaji(2006)的数值模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
利用中尺度模式WRF对2006年14号热带气旋Yaji的变性过程进行了双重嵌套模拟。结果表明,采用高分辨率的TRMM/TMI卫星反演SST资料,在第一重区域(网格距为15km)采用WSM3微物理方案和Betts-Miller对流参数化方案,在第二重移动嵌套区域(网格距为5km)采用Lin微物理方案,不采用对流参数化方案,模式能较好地模拟Yaji的路径和变性前后的强度演变,其中模拟的路径平均误差为64km,强度平均误差为2.5hPa,模拟的风场分布与Quickscat卫星反演的风场分布也较为吻合。利用模拟资料还研究了Yaji变性过程中的非对称流特征。  相似文献   

17.
By using the Betts-Miller-Janjic, Grell-Devenyi, and Kain-Fritsch cumulus convective parameterization schemes in theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, long time simulations from 2000 to 2009 are conducted to investigate the impacts of different cumulus convective parameterization schemes on summer monsoon precipitation simulation over China. The results show that all the schemes have the capability to reasonably reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions of summer monsoon precipitation and the corresponding background circulation. The observed north-south shift of monsoon rain belt is also well simulated by the three schemes. Detailed comparison indicates that the Grell-Devenyi scheme gives a better performance than the others. Deficiency in simulated water vapor transport is one possible reason for the precipitation simulation bias.  相似文献   

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