共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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对浅层地温及相对湿度误差进行了初步的分析,指出由于曲管地温表安装不当引起的地温误差是非常显著的,并提出了正确安装的办法。在相对湿度误差分析中提出了仪器误差和计算误差两个概念,指出了两种误差产生的原因及消除误差的办法。 相似文献
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首先介绍了极轨气象卫星资料地理定位误差的来源,回顾了地理定位误差的研究状况.随后重点分析了3种可行的定位误差评估与订正的数学方法,并结合极轨卫星资料定位误差的订正实例,对不同订正方法进行了比较和讨论.最后展望了地理定位误差订正方法的研究方向. 相似文献
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针对多普勒雷达风场反演的体积速度处理(Volume Velocity Processing,VVP)方法中系数矩阵的病态问题,从数学上进行了分析和论证,对反演的误差进行了敏感性分析,并对垂直速度的求解方程作了改进。系数矩阵的条件数将随着待反演参量的不同而差别很大,通常的处理方法是舍弃量级较小的参量,通过对误差范数的分析,证明这种处理尽管存在模型误差,但能够降低求解难度和结果误差。对系数矩阵病态原因的分析发现,系数矩阵矢量的线性相关造成了矩阵奇异,当合并或舍弃线性相关项时,待反演参量会受模型误差的影响,并且这种模型误差的大小并不仅与待反演参量的量级有关,而且随着位置的不同而改变,但是部分待参量仍然可以保持准确值。在对VVP算法误差分析的基础上,分析并验证了舍弃部分参量时的反演误差,改进的算法为准确反演降水粒子的垂直速度提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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闪电VHF辐射源三维定位系统仪器误差处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高闪电VHF辐射源三维定位系统的探测效率和定位精度,根据其运行原理对其定位误差的可能来源进行了分析,特别是针对GPS时钟的授时原理和高速采集卡工作原理以及观测站位置等可能造成误差的系统原因进行了分析。结果表明,三者误差是造成闪电三维定位结果不准确的主要设备误差。利用闪电VHF辐射源三维定位系统得到的定位结果信息,计算出了其到达观测站的时间,并与实测的到达时间进行了差值分析,拟合出一条偏差直线,得到其误差演变规律,并对该误差进行分析和纠正,得到了较好的结果,使闪电VHF辐射源三维定位系统的探测效率有较大提高,其定位结果更加可靠。 相似文献
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数值天气预报中的误差增长及大气的可预报性 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
本文用数值试验方法,对模式预报中误差增长的物理机制作了初步研究。结果为,初始误差的大小直接影响以后的误差增长,相比而言,初始误差的随机分布形态影响很小。小尺度误差自身增长较快,并通过各尺度之间的非线性相互作用,小尺度误差向大尺度和行星尺度误差转移,促使整个系统的误差增长。地形对误差增长的影响为,当初始误差特征尺度为小尺度(8—21波)时,地形加强误差增长,初始误差为行星尺度(0—3波)时,地形抑制误差增长,可能存在一临界波长,该波长在4—7波之间。故地形对可预报性的影响与初始误差的特征尺度有关。在初始误差相同时,北半球误差增长较南半球块。最后,为提高模式的预报能力,就模式本身及初始化方案等方面进行了讨论。 相似文献
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为探索考虑地形的空间插值算法在复杂下垫面地区的适用性,利用重庆市区域自动气象站2017年逐月观测数据,采用Cokriging、PRISM和IDW三种算法进行了1 km分辨率插值试验,并分析对比了其在月累积降水、月平均气温插值中的误差。结果表明,当样本数量较多时,平均气温的插值以PRISM误差相对较小,Cokriging和IDW效果相当;对累积降水的插值,PRISM和Cokriging效果相当,并略优于IDW。三种算法的误差均随样本数量减少而增大,但PRISM的平均气温误差增长相对最慢,累积降水误差增长相对最快。当样本数量较少时,PRISM对气温插值的误差相对最小,而Cokriging对降水的插值误差相对最小。进一步分析表明:PRISM能显著减少复杂地形区的气温插值误差;累积降水插值主要受降水强度及降水局地性影响,考虑地形的插值算法并无明显优势。 相似文献
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分析了新一代非静力中尺度数值模式中常用的三阶龙格-库塔时间分裂显式算法(RK3)的稳定性和误差性质,特别是分析了空间中央差分和迎风偏斜两种不同情况下该算法不同的稳定性和误差性质。运用数学软件先进的符号计算功能,分析了该算法涉及的复杂高阶、高次幂振幅矩阵的特征值性质;并通过一维线性声波-平流方程组的数值模拟实验,检验了时间分裂算法的模拟效果。对振幅矩阵特征值模的表达式进行高阶的级数展开,得到了该算法的分裂误差项的公式;而且,由于特征值模的公式保留了较高阶项,可以同时分析迎风偏斜和中央差两种空间差分格式的分裂误差性质。根据分裂误差项公式,定量地比较了三阶和二阶龙格-库塔格式(RK2)的分裂误差大小以及误差与小时间步数的关系,发现迎风格式RK3的分裂误差明显小于RK2的误差,并具有更好的稳定性质。空间中央差格式的分裂误差项具有更高阶数,比迎风格式具有更小的时间分裂误差。对于各种不同波长的特征值分析和采用中央差格式的数值模拟,也进一步证实空间差分采用中央差时,RK3时间分裂显式算法在不同方向传播的声波振幅几乎没有差别。另外,误差公式以及数值试验结果说明RK3的分裂误差也略小于Adams-Bashforth-Moulton分裂显式法的分裂误差。 相似文献
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近地面层湍流通量观测误差的比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文根据误差理论分析并比较了在近地面层内各种间接确定湍流通量方法的观测误差。空气动力学法由于采用不同的通用函数将造成很大的误差。H扣除法确定潜热通量,当Bowen比较小时误差较小,Bowen比B>1之后误差随B的增大迅速增长。在相同的观测条件下间接法确定湍流通量以Bowen比法和组合法误差最小,实例计算表明组合法的精度最高。 相似文献
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一种新的COSMIC大气折射率资料观测误差估计方法及在GRAPES全球三维变分同化中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观测误差协方差是变分同化系统中决定分析及预报效果的关键参数之一,观测误差的估计精度直接影响变分同化分析和预报效果。分析了新息增量法(H-L法)估计全球定位系统无线电掩星这类观测点不固定资料的观测误差的适用条件,并利用1年的气象、电离层及气候星座观测系统(COSMIC)折射率资料,针对局地观测算子,估计了COSMIC折射率在南、北半球高、中、低6个纬度带四季的观测误差,分析了COSMIC折射率观测误差的纬度、高度和季节变化的特点,并将估计的折射率观测误差应用于GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System)三维变分同化系统。结果表明,折射率观测误差随高度和纬度有明显变化;在中、高纬度带,折射率观测误差有显著的季节变化:夏季折射率的观测误差约为冬季2倍,春、秋两季折射率误差具有较好的南北对称性,冬、夏两季折射率观测误差南、北半球差异较大。与GRAPES原来使用的全球平均单一的折射率观测误差相比,在GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统中使用本研究估计的较高精度的随纬度变化的COSMIC折射率观测误差能够提高GRAPES全球变分同化系统的预报水平。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献