首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 887 毫秒
1.
台风与中纬度槽的相互作用对其转向之后的路径的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
陈华  王凯 《热带气象学报》2015,31(2):145-152
选取三个台风个例(2004年“桑达”、2005年“彩蝶”、2009年“彩云”),分别以多个相邻时次作为初始时刻进行一系列的数值模拟,结果表明热带气旋(TC)与上游槽相互作用的关键区域的预报误差与TC转向后的路径预报误差表现出显著的相关性。以2010年“马勒卡”台风为个例的敏感性试验证实了中纬度下游环流的发展及TC转向之后的移动路径对TC的强度和TC相对于上游槽的位置很敏感,这个结果给出了TC路径对TC-槽相互作用的敏感性的一个例子或一种方式。若TC增强或更接近上游槽,TC与上游槽的相互作用增强,TC向中纬度输出低PV空气的能力增强,由此导致下游区域的PV梯度增大,同时TC对中纬度梯度的扰动也会加强,因而会引起中纬度下游环流发展增强,且偏经向,TC在转向之后的路径偏北偏西;反之则下游环流偏纬向,路径偏南偏东。   相似文献   

2.
霍也  陈华 《热带气象学报》2017,33(4):568-576
热带气旋(TC)在向高纬度地区移动过程中往往会转变为温带气旋,称之为温带变性(ET)过程。ET过程涉及到热带系统与中纬度环流的复杂相互作用,并对局地系统直至大范围环流均产生影响,这种影响甚至向下游延伸到半球的尺度。由于ET过程及其下游影响给中纬度地区带来严重灾害性天气,而对其的预报一直是一个难题,因而关于此问题的科学研究和业务预报是近年来国际上的一个热点,国内的有关工作也已开展。从TC在ET过程中与中纬度环流的相互作用、ET过程对中纬度下游环流的影响和ET过程及其下游影响的数值预报三个方面总结和分析了近年来国内外的有关研究进展,为国内学术界进一步开展相关研究提供参考。主要进展包括:(1) TC高层出流输出低位涡(PV)空气改变温带上层结构以及TC环流直接作用于中纬度流是TC-中纬度流相互作用的主要方式;TC相对于上游槽的位置对ET过程及其下游影响很关键;各种物理过程在相互作用中起到不同的作用;(2) TC所激发的Rossby波在与急流相联系的上层PV梯度上向下游频散是下游发展的主要方式;下游发展具有显著的边界俘获和上下层耦合发展的特征;(3) 目标观测、集合预报和变分同化等技术的发展提高了ET及其下游影响的数值预报水平。   相似文献   

3.
采用动态合成分析方法,对1970-2006年登陆后北上类TC(tropicalcyclone)和西行类TC各7个样本做动态合成分析和诊断,结果表明:(1)北上类TC在背景场长波槽前北移靠近中纬度斜压锋区,通过吸附运动使TC低压并入西风槽,而西行类TC背景场没有长波槽,离中纬度斜压锋区较远;(2)北上类TC登陆时存在西南低空急流水汽输送带,当其强度减弱后,TC东南侧存在东南暖湿气流作为补充,而西行类TC减弱后逐渐与之分离,且不存在东南暖湿气流作为补充;(3)北上类TC高层辐散区与高空急流边界靠近,因此增强了其向东北方向的辐散,低层由于高层动量下传,加强了低空西风,从而使TC低压环流维持,而西行类TC离高空急流边界较远;(4)北上类TC从中纬度斜压锋区获取斜压能量,其环流垂直切变增强,相对涡度差负值增大,在高空TC中心散度由大变小后又由小变大的过程中,TC发生了变性,而西行类TC没有环境能量补给,逐渐填塞消亡。因此,当一个TC登陆后,其预报移动方向、水汽输送状况、与斜压锋区的关系以及高空辐散气流等特征,可以作为初步判定登陆TC将减弱消亡还是将变性加强的可能原因。  相似文献   

4.
寒潮冷堆增强的动力原因   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
本文利用动力学诊断方法分析了1979年11月一次东亚寒潮过程,证明500毫巴冷中心在南移过程中不断增强是由于寒潮冷空气堆中存在上升运动使空气绝热膨胀冷却所致。文中还从动力学观点解释了寒潮过程中垂直反环流的成因。指出对流层高层(300毫巴)急流核上游(入口区)和下游(出口区)存在相反的铅直环流,上游为正环流,下游为反环流。急流核两侧存在强大的正负切变涡度平流是使急流核上,下游存在性质相反的铅直环流的原因。文中近似计算了这次寒潮过程中槽后偏北急流核两侧空气的12小时二维轨迹,证明槽后偏北急流核左侧强大的正切变涡度中心及其相应的下游正涡度平流引起了寒潮冷空气堆上空质量辐散。因此在寒潮分析和预报时应注意围绕西风槽的急流分布的不均匀性,特别是300毫巴槽后偏北急流中急流核的存在及其活动对预报寒潮冷空气堆的增强是十分重要的。  相似文献   

5.
台风“卢碧”变性增强过程的诊断研究   总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0  
卓鹏  王举  黄泓  王学忠 《气象科学》2018,38(3):310-319
利用日本气象厅JRA再分析资料和台风最佳路径资料以及TRMM降水资料,对0920号台风"卢碧"变性过程的环流形势、高低层热力异常和锋生锋消等特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,"卢碧"的变性是中高纬度冷空气入侵的结果,变性过程伴随着西风槽的东移,高空急流的加强以及西太平洋副热带高压的减弱东撤。低纬度暖湿气流及较大的正涡度异常气旋式卷入台风环流,并在其东北侧积聚产生大量降水,释放的凝结潜热有利于北侧脊的加强,使得高空急流进一步加强,使得台风中心气压进一步降低。锋生、强降水伴随的潜热释放以及气旋中心气压之间存在着正反馈效应是"卢碧"变性后得以增强再发展的主要原因。热成风涡度梯度的分布对"卢碧"的变性增强过程具有较好的指示意义。  相似文献   

6.
刘凡  陈华 《气象科学》2019,39(5):666-674
本文利用中尺度数值模式WRF和LAGRANTO轨迹模式对2010年变性台风"Malakas"进行数值模拟和轨迹分析,分析了Malakas在变性过程中与中纬度系统的相互作用,以及在相互作用过程中Malakas的结构变化特征。结果表明:Malakas变性过程经历了三个阶段:(1)高层扰动加强期,高层的正位涡产生的气旋性环流使低层Malakas中心北部的斜压带西侧产生负的温度平流,表现为冷空气的入侵;(2)Malakas和中纬度系统相互作用时期,台风北上导致斜压带出现,深对流的爆发使低层暖湿气流沿着斜压带上升,快速上升气流中的潜热释放导致低PV空气向对流层上部净输送,在其北部高层重新构建出一个脊;(3)Malakas变性成温带气旋,残存的台风内核与斜压带逐渐合并,负的位涡平流带着非绝热外出流驱动了下游最初脊的构建,加速并且固定了中纬度急流,并整体放大了上层Rossby波模式。  相似文献   

7.
将2000—2021年影响山东的15个台风,按大尺度环流形势进行分类,以台风登陆之后500 hPa中纬度是否存在槽进行分类,可以分为3类:(1)中纬度有槽且形成闭合中心,台风与槽结合,在山东产生暴雨以上量级的降水;(2)中纬度只有高空槽,降水范围最大;(3)中纬度无明显槽脊,降水量和降水范围最小。以西太平洋副热带高压(简称“副高”)的位置分类,可分为3类:(1)副高西伸脊点过120°E且北部边缘过40°N,台风沿副高外围移动,降水最少;(2)副高西伸脊点不过120°E且北部边缘过40°N,高空槽与副高在中国沿海交汇,降水范围广,山东降水与台风位置有关。位置偏西,降水范围大;位置偏东,降水主要集中在山东半岛地区;(3)副高西伸脊点不过120°E且北部边缘不过40°N,台风环流中心较强,降水最强。以700 hPa环流形势分类,分为3类:(1)700 hPa有高压坝,降水范围最小;(2)700 hPa无高压坝,东北地区有冷涡,山东降水量和降水范围最大;(3)700 hPa无高压坝,中纬度存在大槽,降水量均可达大暴雨量级。  相似文献   

8.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了与温带急流相关联的梅雨期东亚上空中高纬环流系统的变化特征,揭示出东亚高空急流经向分量在急流变化中具有重要作用,温带急流区经向风和东亚中高纬槽脊关系密切。在温带急流由强变弱的过程中,当温带急流强度强时,急流区以纬向风为主导;当温带急流强度弱时,经向风增强,纬向风迅速减弱,急流区以经向风为主导。温带急流区纬向风强时,500 hPa位势高度等值线平直,中高纬环流为纬向型;温带急流区经向风强时,中高纬槽脊系统发展,中高纬环流由纬向型转换为经向型。梅雨期温带急流区经向风异常主要有80°E、100°E、120°E、140°E四个中心,温带急流区经向风异常的位置不同时,中高纬阻塞高压出现位置不同,冷空气路径不同。  相似文献   

9.
登陆热带气旋引发云南强降水的环境场特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
郭荣芬  肖子牛  鲁亚斌 《气象》2013,39(4):418-426
应用《西北太平洋热带气旋年鉴检索系统》资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及云南降水资料,对1959-2007年热带气旋(以下简称TC)西行登陆引发的云南强降水过程进行了分类统计,得到4类TC强降水环流模型,分别是TC低压环流型、TC低压外围或倒槽型、TC低压与低槽冷空气相互作用型和TC与两高辐合相互作用型.环境场特征显示,100 hPa南亚高压中心位置在90°E以西,高空东风急流提供了强大的辐散场,低空西南季风气流与TC环流相连接,高低层涡度差呈负值区分布,使TC低压环流在陆上维持或强度减弱缓慢;西南季风气流中的低空急流、副热带高压外围及TC低压东部的偏南急流共同作用,向云南输送充沛的水汽和能量,是登陆TC强降水产生的重要天气系统配置形势;强降水分布在低空急流左侧,TC低压或倒槽西北侧的正涡度中心附近;冷空气南下进入云南,增加了大气斜压不稳定,使TC外围降水增强.  相似文献   

10.
中低纬度环流系统的相互作用及其暴雨特征的模拟研究   总被引:49,自引:5,他引:44  
利用MM5模式分别模拟了台风、中纬度西风槽对台风远距离槽前降水的影响.试验结果表明,(1)台风的强度影响了台风东侧东南急流向中纬度槽前的水汽输送.低层水汽输送,造成中纬度暴雨区强水汽辐合和不稳定能量积聚,故槽前降雨的强度与其南方台风东侧的水汽输送有着相当密切的关系.(2)中纬度西风槽提供了有利于台风远距离降水的大尺度背景场.西风槽的存在,有利于垂直运动的发展和维持,有利于降雨的产生和发展.模拟结果表明,槽的加强和减弱将会相应地造成中纬度暴雨区的加强和减弱.  相似文献   

11.
This study uses eddy kinetic energy analysis and a targeting method to investigate how an extratropical transition(ET)event induced downstream development(the modification of the midlatitude flow downstream of the ET system) in the midlatitude jet environment. The downstream development showed distinct characteristics of "coupling development" and being "boundary-trapped". Eddies(potential disturbances) first developed at the upper levels, and these triggered lower-level eddy development, with all eddies decaying away from the tropopause and the surface. Thereafter, a lower-level eddy caught up with the upper-level eddy ahead of it, and they coupled to form a cyclone extending through the whole troposphere. Vertical ageostrophic geopotential flux may be a crucial dynamic factor throughout the eddy's lower-level growth, boundary-trapping,and coupling development.Together with barotropic conversion, the ageostrophic geopotential fluxes that were transported from Hurricane Fabian(2003) to the midlatitudes by the outflow led to downstream ridge development in the upper-level jet. The strong downstream advection of eddy kinetic energy in the exit region of the jet streak triggered downstream trough development. The well-known ridge–trough couplet thus formed. The vertical ageostrophic fluxes that were transported downward from the developed upper-level systems converged near the surface and resulted in lower-level eddy growth. Baroclinic conversion was negligible near the boundaries, while it was the main source of eddy kinetic energy at mid-levels. In the upper-level jet, potential energy was converted to the mean kinetic energy of the jet, which in turn was converted to eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion.  相似文献   

12.
Three typhoon cases are selected to conduct a series of simulations that are initialized from sequential analyses. The results show that the forecast error in crucial area where a tropical cyclone (TC) interactes with the upstream trough is highly correlated to the track forecast error after the TC recurvature. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments confirm that the developments of the midlatitude downstream circulations and then the TC track after its recurvature are highly sensitive to the TC intensity and its location relative to the upstream trough, which can give an example or one way of sensitivity of the TC track to the TC-trough interaction. If the TC interacts with the upstream trough more strongly (e.g., the TC being intensified or getting closer to the upstream trough), the downstream circulations will be more meridional, thus the TC track will be more northerly and westerly; otherwise, the downstream circulations will be more zonal, and the TC track will be more southerly and easterly.  相似文献   

13.
Using 1°×1° final analysis(FNL) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP),precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) and the best-track tropical cyclone(TC)dataset provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) for June-August of 2000-2009, we comprehensively consider the two factors low-level moisture channel and interaction between TCs and mid-latitude systems and implement a statistical analysis of remote precipitation in East Asia to the north of 0° and to the west of 150° E. 48 cases of remote precipitation occurred in this period, which are categorized into five classes. After a composite analysis of the different classes, the main systems at 850 h Pa and 500 h Pa that impact the remote precipitation are as follows:TC, mid-latitude trough, subtropical high and water vapor channel. In particular, the water vapor channel which usually connects with Indian monsoon has the most significant impact on remote heavy rainfall. Another important factor is the mid-latitude trough. The type of north trough/vortex-south TC remote precipitation events happen most frequently,accounting for 68.8% of the total incidence. Most remote precipitation events occur on the right side of the TC path(representing 71% of the total number). At 200 h Pa, the remote precipitation events usually occur on the right rear portion of a high-altitude jet stream, and there is an anti-cyclonic vortex to the east and west of the TCs. When there is no anti-cyclonic vortex to the east of the TC, the TC is relatively weak. When the remote precipitation occurs to the northwest of the TC and there is a trough in the northwest direction, the TC is relatively strong. Numerical experiments are carried out using Weather Research and Forecast(WRF) model. The results shows that the TC plays a main role in producing the heavy precipitation and results in the enhancement of precipitation by impacting the water vapor channel.  相似文献   

14.
双TC和梅雨锋共同作用下的一次暴雨过程分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
通过NCEP再分析资料计算各种物理量和应用卫星云图、雷达资料,并用WRF中尺模式做数值模拟,从动力过程、水汽输送过程、中小尺度系统等3个方面对TC和梅雨锋共同作用在浙北产生的一次暴雨过程进行分析。结论如下:(1)动力过程特点:300 hPa急流出口区辐散,中层3支气流汇合形成变形场锋生,产生强烈上升运动。低层TC外围的东南气流输入暖平流和湿位涡,使海上台风倒槽向北传播发展,最终形成气旋。TC高层流出气流对梅雨锋南侧垂直环流的维持有利;(2)水汽主要由两个TC外围的环流输送;(3)卫星云图和雷达回波显示有不同的降水云团合并且有加强的过程。用WRF中尺模式做数值模拟显示:700 hPa中小尺度的切变线或辐合区与强降水回波相对应。过程主要特点是中低层两个TC外围的气流与西风带气流在华东地区汇合,形成变形场锋生,产生强烈的辐合上升。在不同的气流汇合后产生了强急流输送水汽,加强垂直环流和中小尺度的辐合,是强降水产生的主要原因。西南季风经过台风绕流后在合适的环境场下仍有可能到达华东地区,这时往往与中纬度西风带汇合,在这种情况下会加强梅雨降水。  相似文献   

15.
热带气旋的登陆及其与中纬度环流系统相互作用的研究   总被引:36,自引:6,他引:36  
雷小途  陈联寿 《气象学报》2001,59(5):602-615
热带气旋的主要灾害往往在登陆前后造成,登陆问题是当今热带气旋 研究的重点。热带气旋与中纬度环流系统相互作用,不仅影响热带气旋的结构和强度变化, 也对中纬度地区天气产生重大影响。西风槽强度的变化可使热带气旋的降水突然 增幅30%。环境场的急剧调整常引起热带气旋运动突变,在弱环境场中,热带气旋的异常运 动与非对称结构关系紧密。中纬度系统对热带气旋的非对称结构有重要影响。另一方面,热 带气旋向极移动过程中携带了大量可供中纬度地区降水的水汽,在气旋性切变的环境场中, 热带气旋还向环境场输送能量,并激发和增强中纬度气旋性环流系统的发展,触发严重的灾 害性天气。热带气旋有时也会截断低纬向中纬度的水汽输送及中纬度波动的能量频散,95% 左右的南海热带气旋对梅雨有显著影响,其中约86%的热带气旋会导致梅雨减弱中断甚至结 束。  相似文献   

16.
To investigate the statistical sensitivity distributions of tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts over the Korean Peninsula, total energy (TE) singular vectors (SVs) were calculated and evaluated over a 10-year period. TESVs were calculated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its tangent linear and adjoint models with a Lanczos algorithm over a 48-h period. Chosen cases were 21 TCs that affected the Korean Peninsula among 230 TCs that were generated in the western North Pacific from 2001 to 2010. Sensitive regions indicated by TESVs were mainly located near mid-latitude troughs and TC centers but varied depending on TC track and environmental conditions such as subtropical high and mid-latitude trough. The cases were classified into three groups by clustering TC tracks based on the finite mixture model. The two groups that passed through the western and southern sea of the Korean Peninsula had maximally sensitive regions in the mid-latitude trough and largely sensitive regions around the TC center, while the other group that passed straight through the eastern sea of the Korean Peninsula had maximally sensitive regions near the northeastern region of the TC center. Vertically, the former two clustered groups had the westerly tilted TESVs and potential vorticity structures under the mid-latitude troughs at the initial time, indicating the TCs were in a baroclinic environment. Conversely, the straight-moving TCs were not in a baroclinic environment. Based on the results in the present study, the TCs moving toward a fixed verification region over the Korean Peninsula have different sensitivity regions and structures according to their moving tracks and characteristic environmental conditions, which may provide guidance for targeted observations of TCs affecting the Korean Peninsula.  相似文献   

17.
颜玲  周玉淑  王咏青 《大气科学》2019,43(2):297-310
利用欧洲气象中心(ERA-interim)再分析资料以及中国气象局观测站点的实况降水观测结合CMORPH卫星反演的逐时降水资料,对比分析了路径类似的1513号台风Soudelor和1410号台风Matmo在登陆福建前后期间的降水分布特征以及造成登陆台风暴雨强度和落区差异的原因,得到以下初步结论:Soudelor和Matmo移动路径相似,但在登陆福建的过程中对浙、闽地区造成的降水强度和分布差异明显,如Soudelor造成的总降水强度比Matmo大,且Soudelor的强降水在登陆前主要分布在台风路径的右侧,台风中心的偏北方向,登陆以后主要在台风的偏北以及东北方向;而Matmo登陆前降水基本均匀分布在路径两侧,强降水区位于台风中心的西北方向,登陆福建以后向北移动的过程中强降水区转向台风中心的北边;不同的大尺度环流背景也会导致登陆过程中不同的降水分布特征,Soudelor影响期间副热带高压比较强盛,并阻断它与中纬度西风槽的作用,而Matmo登陆北上过程中逐渐减弱并汇入河北上空的西风槽中,所以登陆后期Matmo的降水比Soudelor强;Soudelor和Matmo台风登闽前后低层水汽输送及东风急流差异是导致大暴雨落区差异的原因之一,Matmo的水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾及南海,而Soudelor登陆前东部有来自另一个台风Molave的水汽输送,登陆后强水汽输送通量区及水汽辐合带位于Soudelor偏北侧,这与Soudelor登陆造成的暴雨在中心偏北方向一致;南亚高压相对于台风的位置也会影响降水,Soudelor登陆时,大兴安岭上空大槽前的偏西风急流与南部高压西北侧的西南急流一起使得它登陆后减弱速度变缓,有利于台风暴雨的维持,而Matmo高空受急流造成的气旋性切变流场加速了台风的减弱;此外,台风自身的结构和强度变化以及登陆后维持时间不同也是造成两次过程降水差异的主要原因之一,台风暖心结构的强度以及台风高层暖心减弱的速度对台风降水有一定影响,但对登陆时台风暴雨的不对称分布影响较小;Soudelor登闽过程中,涡度场强度比Matmo大,且维持一个深厚的垂直对称结构,登闽后期附近的辐合上升气流主要位于中心东侧,而Matmo在登闽过程中,低层的强辐合区和上升运动区始终偏西,造成二者降水分布的不同。  相似文献   

18.
利用NCEP提供的0.25°×0.25° FNL资料和国家气象信息中心提供的高分辨率三源融合降水资料,以台风"利奇马"为研究个例,从动力和热力因素两个方面研究了中纬度高空槽与台风之间的相互作用对台风远距离暴雨的影响。研究认为中纬度高空槽—台风的相互作用是此次台风远距离暴雨的主要原因之一。在高空槽—台风的相互作用中,随着弱正PV异常从中纬度高空槽向台风区域的水平平流,台风西北部地区逐步处于高空槽前西南急流的次级环流的上升区域,而对流层深厚的暖平流恰好位于台风西北部3~5个纬距的地区,此热成风暖平流的作用增强了台风西北地区的上升运动。另外,中纬度高空槽后的干冷空气的逼近,促进了在台风西北部地区的中纬度斜压锋生,斜压锋面进一步增强了台风远距离暴雨处的动力抬升作用。同时还发现当台风与中纬度槽的距离大约是10个纬距时其相互作用最为显著。  相似文献   

19.
陈光华 《大气科学进展》2013,30(5):1433-1448
The extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclone (TC) Haima (2004) was simulated to understand the impact of TC on midlatitude frontal systems. Two experiments were conducted using the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. In the control run (CTL), a vortex was extracted from the 24-hour pre-run output and then inserted into the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global final (FNL) analysis as an initial condition, while TC circulation was removed from the initial conditions in the sensitivity run (NOTC). Comparisons of the experiments demonstrate that the midlatitude front has a wider meridional extent in the NOTC run than that in the CTL run. Furthermore, the CTL run produces convection suppression to the southern side of the front due to strong cold advection related to the TC circulation. The easterly flow north of the TC not only decelerates the eastward displacement of the front and contracts its zonal scale but also transports more moisture westward and lifts the air along equivalent potential temperature surfaces ahead of the front. As a result, the ascending motion and diabatic heating are enhanced in the northeastern edge of the front, and the anticyclonic outflow in the upper-level is intensified. The increased pressure gradient and divergent flow aloft strengthen the upper-level jet and distort the trough axis in a northwest-southeast orientation. The thermal contrast between the two systems and the dynamic contribution related to the TC circulation can facilitate scalar and rotational frontogenesis to modulate the frontal structure.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号