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Performance of Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System (RIEMS) in precipitation simulations over East Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Deming Zhao 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(7-8):1767-1787
Regional climate models (RCMs) can provide much more precise information on surface characteristics and mesoscale circulation than general circulation models. This potential for obtaining more detailed model results has motivated to a significant focus on RCMs development in East Asia. The Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System, version 2.0 (RIEMS2.0) has been developed from an earlier RCM, RIEMS1.0, at the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for East Asia and Nanjing University. To test the ability of RIEMS2.0 to simulate long-term climate and climate changes in East Asia and to provide a basis for further development and applications, we compare simulated precipitation from 1979 to 2008 (simulation duration from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2008) to observed meteorological data. The results show that RIEMS2.0 reproduces the spatial distribution of precipitation in East Asia but that the simulation overestimates precipitation. The simulated 30-year precipitation average is 26 % greater than the observed precipitation. Simulated upper and root soil water correlate well with remote sensing derived soil moisture. Annual and interannual variation in the average precipitation and their anomalies are both well reproduced by the model. A further analysis of three subregions representing different latitude ranges shows that there is good correlation and consistency between the simulated results and the observed data. Annual variation, interannual variation of average precipitation, and the anomalies in the three sub-regions are also well captured by the model. The model’s performance on atmospheric circulation and moisture transport simulations is discussed to explore the bias between the simulation and observations. In summary, RIEMS2.0 shows stability and does well in both simulating long-term climate and climate changes in East Asia and in describing subregional characteristics. 相似文献
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将大气—植被相互作用模式AVIM（Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model）与区域环境系统集成模式 RIEMS2.0（Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System Version 2.0）耦合,利用耦合后的AVIM-RIEMS2.0模式在东亚区域选定典型年份进行积分试验,通过模拟结果与观测资料对比分析,从整体上评估耦合模式对东亚区域的模拟能力。结果表明:模式能够较好地模拟850 hPa风场、500 hPa位势高度、气温、降水以及地表热通量空间分布型和季节变化。双向耦合具有动态植被过程的AVIM模式后,RIEMS2.0模拟能力有一定程度的提高。850 hPa风场在冬季的中国东北、华北地区以及夏季的中国东部地区,模拟偏差都减小;500 hPa高度场模拟在中国北方地区改进明显,而在中国南方地区的夏季并没表现出明显的改进趋势。耦合模式改进了RIEMS2.0模式冬季气温模拟偏低而夏季偏高的现象。从区域平均看,耦合模式改善了降水模拟偏多的现象,并使得潜热通量的模拟效果有明显的改进,对感热通量模拟在大部分地区也有改进。总的来看,AVIM-RIEMS2.0耦合模式对中国北方地区模拟改进较为明显,而对中国南方地区,特别是华南地区没有明显的改进。 相似文献
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根据NCEP／NCAR提供的1968--1996年全球逐月、2008年1月全球逐日再分析资料以及中国气象局提供的降水资料,分析了2008年1月中国南部持续低温雨雪冰冻天气期间东亚地区中低空大气环流异常特征。结果表明,乌拉尔山阻塞高压和地面蒙古冷高压是这次灾害性天气重要的冷空气源地;700hPa异常偏强的低空西南风急流以及低空急流大风速中心随时间沿急流轴的传播为此次低温雨雪冰冻天气提供了充足的动量、热量和水汽;850hPa流场西太平洋上空异常东南风、印度洋上空异常西南风以及850hPa垂直速度场中国南部大陆异常上升气流,在很大程度上影响着2008年1月中国南部的天气;赤道辐合带、西太平洋副热带高压以及南支槽的异常,致使东亚上空不仅存在异常的南支槽前西风带水汽输送和西太平洋副热带高压西南侧东风带水汽输送,还存在异常的由印度洋经孟加拉湾向中国南方大陆的水汽输送。 相似文献
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By using ERA-Interim data, the temperature anomaly of the freezing rain and snowstorm event that occurred from 11 to 22 January 2008 in southern China was analyzed. During this period, diabatic heating and temperature advection caused the temperature to increase anomalously over the Tibetan Plateau. The anomalously high temperature moving from the Tibetan Plateau to southern China played several roles. First, the upper-level subtropical jet over China was split into two parts in the north–south direction, which affected the development of freezing rain in southern China; second, a ridge formed because of the warmer air moving to China, which hindered the transport of cold air from its upstream blocking high, forced the cold air to gather behind the ridge, and facilitated the severe cold air outbreak in the later period of the event; third, an inversion layer formed because of the lower-level cold air and upper-level warmer air over southern China, which was conducive to the development of the event over southern China; and finally, because of the temperature anomaly, opposite wind directions appeared at the lower levels (below 700 hPa), which helped transport of warm-moist and cold-dry air to the event area. 相似文献
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2008年初我国南方发生了大范围、 持续性低温冰冻雨雪天气, 冻雨、 暴雪灾害属历史罕见, 许多地方突破50年记录。本文主要从数值模拟方面讨论了1月25日~2月2日冰冻雨雪最为严重的过程。CWRF数值模式较成功地模拟出与实况基本一致的降水分布、 温度垂直分布特征和地面气温状况, 较准确地再现了这次罕见的冰冻雨雪过程\.地形敏感性试验表明, 横断山脉和南岭山脉及邻近山区对冻雨的形成和维持具有重要影响, 这种影响是通过锋区特征的改变来实现的。具体体现在, 有地形时, 因暖湿空气的抬升和冷空气在近地面的堆积而形成易于产生冻雨的倾斜锋区; 无地形情况下, 锋区坡度增大, 冻雨赖以形成的逆温层结结构遭到破坏, 使冻雨（冰冻）灾害区在经历短暂的西进南扩后, 很快减弱消失。上述地形的移出还通过对环流特征的改变, 使对流层底层偏东气流更有组织, 整个回流也更清晰, 这对南方大范围的降水强度和强降水落区会产生显著影响, 但对整体降水的区域分布没有明显影响。 相似文献
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Analysis of Simulated Heavy Rain over the Yangtze River Valley During 11-30 June 1998 Using RIEMS 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
RIEMS‘ ability to simulate extreme monsoon rainfall is examined using the 18-month (April 1997 September 1998) integrated results. Model-simulated heavy precipitation over the Yangtze River valley during 11-30 June 1998 is compared with the observation, and the relationships between this heavy rainfall process and the large-scale circulations, such as the westerly jet, low-level jet, and water vapor transport,are analyzed to further understand the mechanisms for simulating heavy monsoon rainfall. The analysis results show that (1) RIEMS can reproduce the pattern of heavy precipitation over the Yangtze River valley during 11-30 June 1998, but it is shifted northwestwards. (2) The simulated West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) that controls the East Asia Monsoon evolution is stronger than the observation and is extended westwards, which possibly leads to the north westward shift of the heavy rain belt. (3) The Westerly jet at 200 hPa and the Low-level jet at 850 hPa, both of which are related to the heavy monsoon rainfall,are reasonably reproduced by RIEMS during 11-30 June 1998~ although the intensities of the simulated Westerly/Low-level jets are strong and the location of the Westerly jet leans to the southeast,which may be the causes of RIEMS producing too much heavy rainfall in the north of the Yangtze River valley. 相似文献
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Regional Oceanic Impact on Circulation and Direct Radiative Effect of Aerosol over East Asia 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System(RIEMS 2.0) coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model(POM) is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation and the direct radiative effect(DRE) of aerosol over East Asia.The aerosols considered in this study include both major anthropogenic aerosols(e.g.,sulfate,black carbon,and organic carbon) and natural aerosols(e.g.,soil dust and sea salt) .The RIEMS 2.0 is driven by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II,and the simulated period is from 1 January to 31 December 2006.The results show the following:(1) The simulated annual mean sea-level pressure by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is lower than without POM over the mainland and higher without POM over the ocean.(2) In summer,the subtropical high simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is stronger and extends further westward,and the continental low is stronger than without POM in summer.(3) The aerosol optical depth(AOD) simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is larger in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River than without POM.(4) The direct radiative effect with POM is stronger than that without POM in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southern China. Therefore,the authors should take account of the impact of the regional ocean model on studying the direct climate effect of aerosols in long term simulation. 相似文献
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北极海冰对2008年1月乌拉尔高压异常的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2008年1月我国南方发生了大范围的雨雪冰冻灾害天气,造成此次灾害的一个重要原因是乌拉尔高压异常的长期维持,而作为下垫面的海洋,2007/2008冬季环北欧海海冰异常偏少。观测资料合成分析表明,乌拉尔山地区出现高压异常与巴伦支海和喀拉海的海冰偏少存在密切对应关系。利用大气环流模式试验研究了(90°W~60°E)区域海冰异常对大气的影响,模拟结果显示海冰对乌拉尔高压异常有正的贡献,线性模式诊断表明天气尺度瞬变波是海冰影响乌拉尔高压异常的一种重要机制。 相似文献
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Performance of Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System (RIEMS) in the Simulation of Surface Air Temperature over East Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHAO De-Ming 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):145-150
Regional climate models (RCMs) have the potential for more detailed surface characteristic and mesoscale modeling results than general circulation models (GCMs).These advantages have drawn significant focus on RCM development in East Asia.The Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System,version 2.0 (RIEMS2.0),has been developed from an earlier RCM,RIEMS1.0,by the Key Laboratory of Regional ClimateEnvironment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA) and Nanjing University.A numerical experiment covering 1979 to 2008 (simulation duration from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2008) with a 50-km spatial resolution was performed to test the ability of RIEMS2.0 to simulate long-term climate and climate changes in East Asia and to provide a basis for further development and applications.The simulated surface air temperature (SAT) was compared with observed meteorological data.The results show that RIEMS2.0 simulation reproduced the SAT spatial distribution in East Asia but that it was underestimated.The simulated 30-year averaged SAT was approximately 2.0°C lower than the observed SAT.The annual and interannual variations in the averaged SAT and their anomalies were both well reproduced in the model.A further analysis of three sub-regions representing different longitudinal ranges showed that there is a good correlation and consistency between the simulated results and the observed data.The annual variations,interannual variations for the averaged SAT,and the anomalies in the three sub-regions were also captured well by the model.In summary,RIEMS2.0 shows stability and does well both in simulating the long-term SAT in East Asia and in expressing sub-regional characteristics. 相似文献
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湖南省历史罕见的一次低温雨雪冰冻灾害天气分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在欧亚大陆中高纬度稳定维持阻塞形势的环流背景下,2008年1月10日-2月2 日中同南方地区连续经历了4次历史罕见的大范围低温雨雪冰冻天气过程.应用多种常规、非常规观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,在对该过程的大尺度环流及水汽输送特征进行诊断分析的基础上,细致分析了受灾最为严重的湖南省冰冻分布地域特征、多种气象因子及特殊地形对冰冻强度的影响,并对造成降水性质差异及强冰冻的成因进行了探讨.结果表明:中高纬阻塞高压、西太平洋副高及南支槽是造成此次持续性雨雪天气的主要影响系统,持续而强盛的水汽输送对雨雪冰冻的强度和范围起重要作用;冰冻形成与增长是多种气象因子综合影响的结果.地面日平均温度、700 hPa风向风速、逆温强度及冷垫厚度对冰冻强度预报有很好的指示意义.当冰冻形成条件具备后,融化层及冷垫越深厚、地面日平均气温越低则冰冻发展越显著.若700 hPa维持强盛的西南急流、850 hPa持续偏东北风时,最有助于逆温加强,冷垫增厚.强冰冻的预报着眼点应关注700 hPa附近的剧烈增温、增湿及850 hPa以下的强降温;近地面层丰富的过冷水滴和叠置于深厚冷气层之上的暖性"逆温层"的建立和维持是大范围强冰冻天气产生的一个重要原因;此外,湖南特殊的地理位置及复杂的地形地貌特征对冰冻的持续和发展有较大影响. 相似文献
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2008年1月南方一次冰冻天气中冻雨区的层结和云物理特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
2008年1月中下旬, 我国南方经历了四次历史罕见的冰冻雨雪天气。本文针对2008年1月25~29日的一次典型冻雨天气过程, 在实测资料、NCEP再分析资料综合分析的基础上, 利用中国气象科学研究院 (CAMS) 中尺度云分辨模式对1月28日~29日的冻雨天气过程进行了数值模拟, 研究了冰冻天气形成的大气层结及云系冻雨区云的宏微观结构特征, 初步分析了冻雨形成的云微物理过程及云物理成因。结果表明, 深厚而稳定的逆温层和低空冷层的存在是大范围冻雨出现的直接原因。此次南方冰冻过程中, 湖南和贵州两地冻雨形成的云物理机理不同, 不同冻雨区上空为两种不同类型的云, 对应两种不同的云微物理结构和大气层结结构。湖南冻雨区云层较厚, 云顶温度较低, 属于混合相云, 云中高层存在丰富的冰相粒子 (雪的比含水量最大)。湖南冻雨在 "冷—暖—冷" 层结下, 通过 "冰相融化过程" 形成, 即在锋面之上的对流层中层水汽辐合中心内形成的雪, 从高空落入暖层, 雪融化形成雨, 再下落到冷层后, 形成过冷雨滴, 最后接触到温度低于 0℃的物体或降落到地面上, 迅速冻结形成冻雨。而贵州冻雨区云层较薄, 云顶温度较高, 属于暖云, 中高层基本无冰相粒子, 低层为云水和雨水 (云水的比含水量最大)。贵州冻雨是在 "暖—冷" 层结下通过 "过冷暖雨过程" 形成的。即水汽沿锋面抬升, 在对流层中低层的水汽辐合中心内, 经过冷却凝结成云滴, 通过碰并云滴增长的雨滴下落到低空冷层, 形成的过冷却雨滴直接冻结形成冻雨。 相似文献
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080125南方低温雨雪冰冻天气持续降水的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用WRF模式对2008年1月25—29日中国低温雨雪冰冻天气过程进行模拟。结果表明,雨雪期间长江中下游及以南地区长时间存在着高低空急流的耦合形态,且低空急流不断向雨雪区域输送暖湿水汽,使该地区低层的水汽辐合,促进大范围雨雪发生和维持：强高空辐散的抽吸作用,促进低空辐合、整层上升运动加强以及正涡度的维持．干冷空气从对流层高层倾斜南下加强了对流不稳定能量的积累.本次雨雪冰冻天气过程中存在明显的干侵入,降水区北侧对流层高层高位涡干冷空气沿等相对湿度（RH）线密集带侵入低层,促使雨区低层位涡中心迅速增大,促进强降水发生;本次过程表明位涡和降水有很好的对应关系,这对降水预报有很好的指示意义。由于极涡偏强促使冷空气南下,南方近地面浅薄冷空气使雨水结成冰导致灾害发生。 相似文献
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On the Ability of the Regional Climate Model RIEMS to Simulate the Present Climate over Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A continuous 10-year simulation in Asia for the period of 1 July 1988 to 31 December 1998 was conducted using the Regional Integrated Environmental Model System (RIEMS) with NCEP Reanalysis II data as the driving fields. The model processes include surface physics state package (BATS 1e), a Holtslag explicit planetary boundary layer formulation, a Grell cumulus parameterization, and a modified radiation package (CCM3). Model-produced surface temperature and precipitation are compared with observations from 1001 meteorology stations distributed over Asia and with the 0.5 × 0.5 CRU gridded dataset. The analysis results show that: (1) RIEMS reproduces well the spatial pattern and the seasonal cycle of surface temperature and precipitation; (2) When regionally averaged, the seasonal mean temperature biases are within 1–2C. For precipitation, the model tends to give better simulation in winter than in summer, and seasonal precipitation biases are mostly in the range of ?12%–50%; (3) Spatial correlation coefficients between observed and simulated seasonal precipitation are higher in north of the Yangtze River than in the south and higher in winter than in summer; (4) RIEMS can well reproduce the spatial pattern of seasonal mean sea level pressure. In winter, the model-simulated Siberian high is stronger than the observed. In summer, the simulated subtropical high is shifted northwestwards; (5) The temporal evolution of the East Asia summer monsoon rain belt, with steady phases separated by more rapid transitions, is reproduced. 相似文献
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污染大气对冻雨过程影响的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了揭示污染大气（气溶胶浓度增加）对于冰冻灾害天气尤其冻雨的影响,利用可分辨云模式（WRF）对2008年1月18—21日中国南方地区一次冰冻灾害天气进行了研究。结果表明：污染气溶胶对此次冰冻天气的区域降水有一定的抑制作用,其中对冻雨的抑制作用更为明显,尤其表现在对较强冻雨过程的抑制作用。微物理过程分析表明,贵阳地区冻雨形成机制表现为过冷云机制（暖云机制）,污染气溶胶使云内云水含量浓度增加,使得冰相粒子撞冻过冷水这一过程进行的更加充分,引起过冷却雨水含量减小,进而导致地面以固态降水为主,抑制了冻雨的产生。 相似文献
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中国南方2008年1月罕见低温雨雪冰冻灾害发生的原因及其与气候变暖的关系 总被引：68，自引：6，他引：62
2008年1月中国南方发生的低温、雨雪、冰冻灾害不是一个局地或地区性现象,它是同期发生的亚洲大范围冰雪灾害链中的一环,在影响范围和灾害程度上是最严重的一环.它有3个主要特征:(1)降雪、冻雨和降雨3种天气并存,冻雨是导致南方致灾的主要原因;(2)低温、雨雪、冻雨天气强度大,根据中国国家气候中心和南方各省气象部门的统计及分析,有8项气象要素打破同期中国历史记录;(3)低温、雨雪、冰冻天气持续时间长,破历史记录.这次低温、雨雪冰冻灾害形成的原因不是单一的,是多种因素在同一时段,同一地区相互配合和迭加的结果,其中La Nina事件是灾害发生的气候背景,它为雨雪冰冻天气提供了冷空气侵袭中国南方的前提条件;欧亚大气环流异常持续性是造成冷空气不断侵袭中国南方的直接原因;孟加拉湾和南海地区暖湿气流的北上是大范围冻雨和降雪形成并持续在中国南方的必要条件. 相似文献
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2008年初我国南方大部分地区发生了大范围、持续性的低温雨雪冰冻灾害天气,部分省市县的低温、冻雨、暴雪灾害属历史罕见。本文通过对1月10日-2月2日4次雨雪过程期间南方整体环流背景的描述,得到有利于雨雪天气产生并长期维持的环流背景场;同时副高偏强偏北,南支槽发展强烈,使得低层带来旺盛的偏南气流水汽输送。在江南华南一带的准静止锋长期维持是造成雨雪天气成灾的直接原因,静止锋与高低空急流的耦合抬升共同作用,以及南支气流对静止锋强度的影响,是使地面锋线附近产生强降水的主要因素。最后重点分析了第3次雨雪天气过程中的锋区东段与锋区西段的结构特点,得出造成冻雨和冰雪不同天气的空间场特征。 相似文献
19.
Precipitation episodes in the form of freezing rain and ice pellets represent natural hazards affecting eastern Canada during the cold season. These types of precipitation mainly occur in the St. Lawrence River valley and the Atlantic provinces of Canada. This study aims to evaluate the ability of the fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5), using a 0.11° horizontal grid mesh, to hindcast mixed precipitation when driven by reanalyses produced by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ERA-Interim) for a 35-year period. In general, the CRCM5 simulation slightly overestimates the occurrence of freezing rain, but the geographical distribution is well reproduced. The duration of freezing rain events and accompanying surface winds in the Montréal region are reproduced by CRCM5. A case study is performed for an especially catastrophic freezing-rain event in January 1998; the model succeeds in simulating the intensity and duration of the episode, as well as the propitious meteorological environment. Overall, the model is also able to reproduce the climatology and a specific event of freezing rain and ice pellets. 相似文献
20.
Tingting MA Guoxiong WU Yimin LIU Zhihong JIANG Jiahui YU 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):400-415
The external source/sink of potential vorticity (PV) is the original driving force for the atmospheric circulation. The relationship between surface PV generation and surface PV density forcing is discussed in detail in this paper. Moreover, a case study of the extreme winter freezing rain/snow storm over South China in January 2008 is performed, and the surface PV density forcing over the eastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been found to significantly affect the precipitation over South China in this case. The TP generated PV propagated eastward in the middle troposphere. The associated zonal advection of positive absolute vorticity resulted in the increasing of cyclo-nic relative vorticity in the downstream region of the TP. Ascending air and convergence in the lower troposphere developed, which gave rise to the development of the southerly wind. This favored the increasing of negative meridio-nal absolute vorticity advection in the lower troposphere, which provided a large-scale circulation background conducive to ascending motion such that the absolute vorticity advection increased with height. Consequently, the ascending air further strengthened the southerly wind and the vertical gradient of absolute vorticity advection between the lower and middle troposphere in turn. Under such a situation, the enhanced ascending, together with the moist air transported by the southerly wind, formed the extreme winter precipitation in January 2008 over South China. 相似文献