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1.
Soil Moisture Retrieval from Satellite Images and Its Application to Heavy Rainfall Simulation in Eastern China 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
The soil water index (SWI) from satellite remote sensing and the observational soil moisture from agricultural meteorological stations in eastern China are used to retrieve soil moisture. The analysis of correlation coefficient (CORR), root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and bias (BIAS) shows that the retrieved soil moisture is convincible and close to the observation. The method can overcome the difficulties in soil moisture observation on a large scale and the retrieved soil moisture may reflect the distribution of the real soil moisture objectively. The retrieved soil moisture is used as an initial scheme to replace initial conditions of soil moisture (NCEP) in the model MM5V3 to simulate the heavy rainfall in 1998. Three heavy rainfall processes during 13–14 June, 18–22 June, and 21–26 July 1998 in the Yangtze River valley are analyzed. The first two processes show that the intensity and location of simulated precipitation from SWI are better than those from NCEP and closer to the observed values. The simulated heavy rainfall for 21–26 July shows that the update of soil moisture initial conditions can improve the model’s performance. The relationship between soil moisture and rainfall may explain that the stronger rainfall intensity for SWI in the Yangtze River valley is the result of the greater simulated soil moisture from SWI prior to the heavy rainfall date than that from NCEP, and leads to the decline of temperature in the corresponding area in the heavy rainfall days. Detailed analysis of the heavy rainfall on 13–14 June shows that both land-atmosphere interactions and atmospheric circulation were responsible for the heavy rainfall, and it shows how the SWI simulation improves the simulation. The development of mesoscale systems plays an important role in the simulation regarding the change of initial soil moisture for SWI. 相似文献
2.
This study investigates the relationship between the soil temperature in May and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） precipitation in June and July using station observed soil temperature data over Northwest China from 1971 to 2000.It is found that the memory of the soil temperature at 80-cm depth can persist for at least 2 months,and the soil temperature in May is closely linked to the EASM precipitation in June and July.When the soil temperature is warmer in May over Northwest China,less rainfall occurs over the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley but more rainfall occurs over South China in June and July.It is proposed that positive anomalous soil temperature in May over Northwest China corresponds to higher geopotential heights over the most parts of the mainland of East Asia,which tend to weaken the ensuing EASM.Moreover,in June and July,a cyclonic circulation anomaly occurs over Southeast China and Northwest Pacific and an anticyclonic anomaly appears in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley at 850 hPa.All the above tend to suppress the precipitation in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley.The results also indicate that the soil temperature in May over Northwest China is closely related to the East Asia/Pacific （EAP） teleconnection pattern,and it may be employed as a useful predictor for the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall. 相似文献
3.
Numerical Simulation of the 1999 Yangtze River Valley Heavy Rainfall Including Sensitivity Experiments with Different SSTA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
With the IAP/LASG GOALS model, the heavy rainfall of the summer of 1999 in the Yangtze River valley is simulated with observational sea surface temperature (SST). Comparing the simulations of 1999 with the corresponding ones of 1998 and the sensitivity experiments with different sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) at different ocean regions, the relationships between the floods in the Yangtze River valley and the SSTA in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are studied. The results show that the positive SSTA in the tropical Indian Ocean are a major contributor to the heavy rainfall and may be a very important index to predict the heavy rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the summer. The simulations also show that the relationships between the SSTA in the tropical eastern Pacific and the heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River valley are very complicated, and the heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River valley can occur in both a decaying and an intensifying E1 Nino event and also in a La Nifia event. However, the different SSTA of different periods in the above three cases play different partd. 相似文献
4.
The significant differences of atmospheric circulation between flooding in the Huaihe and Yangtze River valleys during early mei-yu(i.e.,the East Asian rainy season in June) and the related tropical convection were investigated.During the both flooding cases,although the geopotential height anomalies always exhibit equivalent barotropic structures in middle to high latitudes at middle and upper troposphere,the phase of the Rossby wave train is different over Eurasian continent.During flooding in the Huaihe River valley,only one single blocking anticyclone is located over Baikal Lake.In contrast,during flooding in the Yangtze River valley,there are two blocking anticyclones.One is over the Ural Mountains and the other is over Northeast Asia.In the lower troposphere a positive geopotential height anomaly is located at the western ridge of subtropical anticyclone over Western Pacific(SAWP) in both flooding cases,but the location of the height anomaly is much farther north and west during the Huaihe River mei-yu flooding.Furthermore,abnormal rainfall in the Huaihe River valley and the regions north of it in China is closely linked with the latent heating anomaly over the Arabian Sea and Indian peninsula.However,the rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and the regions to its south in China is strongly related to the convection over the western tropical Pacific.Numerical experiments demonstrated that the enhanced latent heating over the Arabian Sea and Indian peninsula causes water vapor convergence in the region south of Tibetan Plateau and in the Huaihe River valley extending to Japan Sea with enhanced precipitation;and vapor divergence over the Yangtze River valley and the regions to its south with deficient precipitation.While the weakened convection in the tropical West Pacific results in moisture converging over the Yangtze River and the region to its south,along with abundant rainfall. 相似文献
5.
Impacts of the Zonal Position of the East Asian Westerly Jet Core on Precipitation Distribution During Meiyu of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The east-west location change of the East Asian westerly jet （EAWJ） at 200 hPa during Meiyu and the associated spatial distribution variation of precipitation in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLYR） are investigated by using the 40-yr NCEP/NCAR （National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research） pentad mean reanalysis data and daily precipitation observation data from 1958 to 1997. The results show that there are two areas over which the 200-hPa EAWJ center appears most frequently during the Meiyu period： one is the western Pacific （WP） and the other is the East Asian continent （EAC）. During the Meiyu period, the westerly jet over the EAC is weak, and the core of the westerly jet over the WP splits up with reduced intensity and disappears by the end of Meiyu. The changes in the location and intensity of the westerly jet are associated not only with the starting and ending dates of Meiyu, but also with the spatial distribution and intensity of precipitation in the MLYR. It is found that when the westerly jet core in the upper troposphere is located over the WP and is coupled with an 850-hPa southwesterly jet, heavy precipitation accompanied by strong convergence and plenty supply of water vapor, occurs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. If the 200-hPa westerly jet core is located over the EAC, and without an 850-hPa southwesterly jet, only weak precipitation occurs in the MLYR. Therefore, the longitudinal location of the EAWJ core plays an important role in determining the upper- to lower-level circulation structure and the spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in the MLYR during the Meiyu period. 相似文献
6.
A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze River Valley during the mei-yu period of 1991. The simulation results showed that by considering the sub-grid scale topography scheme, one can significantly improve the performance of the model for simulating the rainfall distribution and intensity during these three heavy rainfall events, most especially the second and third. It was also discovered that the rainfall was mainly due to convective precipitation. The comparison between experiments, either with and without the sub-grid scale topography scheme, showed that the model using the scheme reproduced the convergence intensity and distribution at the 850 hPa level and the ascending motion and moisture convergence center located at 500 hPa over the Yangtze River valley. However, some deviations still exist in the simulation of the atmospheric moisture content, the convergence distribution and the moisture transportation route, which mainly result in lower simulated precipitation levels. Further analysis of the simulation results demonstrated that the sub-grid topography scheme modified the distribution of the surface energy budget components, especially at the south and southwest edges of the Tibetan Plateau, leading to the development and eastward propagation of the negative geopotential height difference and positive temperature-lapse rate difference at 700 hPa, which possibly led to an improved precipitation simulation over eastern China. 相似文献
7.
This article examined the meteorological features of the second Meiyu/Baiu episode(hereafter Meiyu Ⅱ) in 1998 and the results are summarized as follows:(1) The Meiyu Ⅱ period in 1998 has been the longest and the most delayed ending one since 1885,which caused the great flood around the Yangtze River Basin.The circulation situation in Meiyu Ⅱ is so typical that the average geopotential height and wind fields at 500 hPa and 850 hPa are very similar to monthly mean in June.The abnormal circulation in Meiyu Ⅱ is associated with an adjusting of the Okhotsk high and short period south-north oscillation of the subtropical high.(2) The heavy rainfall around the Yangtze River during Meiyu Ⅱ period is closely related to a persistent shear line,a clear eastward moving vortex structure and a very strong jet flow at lower levels.It is very clear that the strong divergence at higher levels and convergence at lower levels occurred in situ during Meiyu Ⅱ period.(3) It is very clear that the convective activity propagates eastward quickly with a period about 7 days during Meiyu Ⅱ period. 相似文献
8.
Day-to-day precipitation data of Junes during the 43 years of 1958-2000 from stations to the
south of Yangtze River are used to divide regions and run statistical analysis of sustained torrential rainfall
processes. A preliminary analysis is then made based on it and the results show that June is the month in
which torrential rains in the southern half of China take place frequently and sustained torrential rains
occur at the same time in South China and the area to the south of Yangtze River. In addition, the analysis
gives the basic features of sustained torrential rains of June in China and their interannual variability
patterns, with the suggestion that the amount of these events increases significantly after the 1990s. Lastly,
the sustained torrential rains occurring in Junes of 1994, 1998 and 2005 in the southern half of China are
taken as examples in the research on the basic patterns and formation mechanisms of the evolution of
double rain-bands during the rain season in South China and the area to the south of Yangtze River. The
analysis shows that the large scale environment field in which sustained torrential rains occur is related to
the stable sustaining of the South Asia High and upper level jet streams. 相似文献
9.
This article examined the meteorological features of the second Meiyu/Baiu episode(hereafterMeiyu Ⅱ)in 1998 and the results are summarized as follows:(1)The Meiyu Ⅱ period in 1998 hasbeen the longest and the most delayed ending one since 1885,which caused the great flood aroundthe Yangtze River Basin.The circulation situation in Meiyu Ⅱ is so typical that the averagegeopotential height and wind fields at 500 hPa and 850 hPa are very similar to monthly mean inJune.The abnormal circulation in Meiyu Ⅱ is associated with an adjusting of the Okhotsk high andshort period south-north oscillation of the subtropical high.(2)The heavy rainfall around theYangtze River during Meiyu Ⅱ period is closely related to a persistent shear line,a clear eastwardmoving vortex structure and a very strong jet flow at lower levels.It is very clear that the strongdivergence at higher levels and convergence at lower levels occurred in situ during Meiyu Ⅱ period.(3)It is very clear that the convective activity propagates eastward quickly with a period about 7days during Meiyu Ⅱ period. 相似文献
10.
Analysis on the 10-yr Simulation of the Meiyu Precipitation and Its Associated Circulation with the GAMIL Model 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHUO Dongqi ZHANG Yaocun WANG Bin LI Lijuan HUANG Ying 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(3):328-339
The major features of Meiyu precipitation and associated circulation systems simulated by the grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG (GAMIL) with Zhang-McFarlane and Tiedtke cumulus parameterization schemes are examined in this paper. The results show that the model with both schemes can reproduce the heavy precipitation center over the Yangtze-Huai River Basin (YHRB) during the Meiyu period. The horizontal and vertical structures of the circulation systems during the Meiyu period are also well simulated,such as the intensive meridional gradients of moisture and μse (pseudo-equivalent temperature), the strong low-level southwesterly flow in the lower troposphere over East China, the location of the westerly jet stream in the upper troposphere, the strong ascending motion in heavy precipitation zone, and compensation downward motion on the northern and southern sides of the heavy precipitation belt. However, obvious discrepancies occur in the simulated temperature field in the mid-lower troposphere,especially with the Zhang-McFarlane scheme. In addition, the simulated Meiyu period (onset and duration) is found to be associated with the temperature difference in the lower atmosphere over the land and ocean, and with the cumulus parameterization schemes. The land-sea thermal contrast (LSTC) simulated by the Zhang-McFarlane scheme increases faster than that in the reanalysis from April to July, and changes from negative to positive at the end of May. Consequently, the simulated Meiyu onset begins in May, one month earlier than the observation. On the other hand, since the LSTC simulated by the Tiedtke scheme is in agreement with the reanalysis during June and July, the simulated Meiyu period is similar to the observation. The different LSTCs simulated by the GAMIL model with the two cumulus parameterization schemes may affect the Meiyu period simulations. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the cumulus parameterization scheme in order to improve the Meiyu precipitation simulation by the GAMIL model. 相似文献
11.
高空西风急流东西向形态变化对梅雨期降水空间分布的影响 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
利用40年的NCEP/NCAR再分析候平均资料和同期长江中下游地区逐日降水资料,使用合成方法分析了梅雨期东亚副热带高空西风急流的东西位置和形态变化特征,探讨了高空西风急流对梅雨期降水空间分布的影响.分析结果表明,梅雨期东亚大陆上空西风急流强度减弱且持续维持、西太平洋上空西风急流核分裂减弱直至出梅后消失,这是梅雨期200 hPa东亚高空西风急流东西向位置变化的主要特征.梅雨期,200 hPa副热带西风急流中心呈现东西向位置变化和海陆分布形态差异,西风急流中心东西向位置变化对梅雨起讫有着较好的指示意义.梅雨期东亚副热带高空西风急流东西形态分布差异不仅影响到长江中下游地区降水空间集中区的位置而且还影响到降水中心强度.进一步分析表明,当东亚西风急流主体位于西太平洋上空时,在长江下游地区形成高低空急流耦合的环流形势,强烈的辐合上升运动加上充足的水汽条件供应,有利于在长江下游形成集中的强降水区域.当高空西风急流位于东亚大陆上空时,在长江中下游地区高低空急流无耦合形势存在,长江中下游地区也没有强的集中降水区域.因此,东亚副热带高空西风急流东西向形态变化对长江中下游地区的高低空环流结构、地面集中降水区域的空间分布具有重要的影响. 相似文献
12.
一次西南低涡东移引发长江中下游暴雨的诊断研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料和NECP再分析资料,对2013年6月6—7日西南低涡东移加强发展造成长江中下游大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,重点探讨了西南低涡东移和发展维持的物理机制以及最强降水的变化特征。结果表明,沿着700 hPa高空切变线东移的西南低涡是造成此次长江中下游地区暴雨的直接影响系统,西南低涡沿着700 hPa切变线东移发展,深厚阶段正涡度柱伸展到400 hPa高度,自下而上呈近垂直结构。西南低涡附近低层辐合与高层辐散的大尺度环境条件、西南低涡与西南低空急流耦合发展动力结构、低空暖平流和高空槽前正涡度平流输送等条件是导致西南低涡东移到长江中下游后加强发展的主要因子。与西南低涡相伴随的强降雨区主要位于低涡南部3个纬距以内,该处的西南季风和副高西南侧东南气流两支水汽输送的汇合为暴雨发生提供了充沛的水汽和对流不稳定能量,而对流层中低层携带的冷空气侵入低层低涡的后部,不仅加强了低涡的斜压性,也促进了上冷下暖不稳定层结的产生和发展,为强降水的发生提供了不稳定对流触发条件。 相似文献
13.
1998 SCSMEX期间亚洲30－60天低频振荡特征的分析 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
对１９９８年 ５－８月南海季风试验（ＳＣＳＭＥＸ）期间东亚地区 ８５０ ｈＰａ中低纬环流指数、东亚季风指数和长江中下游降水进行了Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ 小波分析,结果表明在此期间这些要素均有明显的３０－６０天周期低频振荡。在此基础上对 ５－８月每隔 ５天的 ８５０ ｈＰａ低频流场进行分析,结果表明：（１）１００°－１５０°Ｅ间东亚从中国东中部大陆经南海和西太平洋的南北半球中明显的存在一个以３０－６０天低频荡为特征的东亚季风低频环流系统,东亚季风活动主要受东亚季风系统中低频活动影响;（２）５月第５候南海热带季风爆发、６月中旬长江中下游人梅及产生大暴雨以及７月中旬以后的该地区大暴雨均与低频气旋带在该地区活动有关,而８月长江上游大暴雨则与低频反气旋伸人到大陆有关;（３）ＳＣＳＭＥＸ期间东亚低频振荡系统的源地有二个,即南海赤道和北半球中太平洋中高纬。南海低频系统向北传播,而中高纬低频系统自东北向西南传播为主。长江中下游６、７月二次大暴雨均与上述二个低频气旋系统自热带向北和中高纬向西南传播并于长江中下游汇合有关;（４）５－８月间东亚季风系统中有二次低频气旋带和二次低频反气旋带活动,这些低频环流系统的活动与印度季风低频环流系统活动并无明 相似文献
14.
The wavelet analysis is performed of the mid- and low-latitude circulation index at 850 hPa over East Asia, the East Asian
monsoon index and the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1998 South China Sea Monsoon
Experiment (SCSMEX) from May to August. Analysis shows that distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) exists in all
of the above elements during the exper-iment period. Analysis of low-frequency wind field at 850 hPa from May to August with
5 days interval is performed in this paper. Analysis results reveal that: (1) A low-frequency monsoon circulation system over
East Asia, characterized by distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation, exists over 100°-150°E of East Asian area from the
middle and eastern parts of China continent and the South China Sea to the western Pacific in both the Northern and Southern
Hemisphere. The activity of East Asian monsoon is mainly af-fected by the low-frequency systems in it; (2) All of the tropical
monsoon onset over the South China Sea in the fifth pentad of May, the beginning of the Meiyu period and heavy rainfall over
the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-June and the heavy rainfall after mid-July are related to the activity
of low-frequency cyclone belt over the region, whereas the torrential rainfall over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
in August is associated with the westward propagation of low-frequency anticyclone into the mainland; (3) There are two sources
of low-frequency oscillation system over East Asia during SCSMEX. i.e. the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and mid-high latitudes
of the middle Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere. The low-frequency system over SCS propagates northward while that in mid-high
latitudes mainly propagates from northeast to southwest. Both of the heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the
Yangtze River in June and July are associated with the northward propagation of the above-mentioned SCS low-frequency systems
from the tropical region and the southwestward propagation from mid-high latitudes respectively and their convergence in the
middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (4) There are two activities of low-frequency cyclone and anticyclone belt
each in the East Asian monsoon system during May to August. However the activity of these low-frequency circulation systems
is not clearly relevant to the low-frequency circulation system in the Indian monsoon system. This means that the low-frequency
circulation systems in Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon are independent of each other. The concept previously put forward
by Chinese scholars that the East Asian monsoon circulation sys-tem (EAMCS) is relatively independent monsoon circulation
system is testified once more in the summer 1998.
This work was supported by the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology “South China Sea Monsoon Experiment”
and the fruit of it. 相似文献
15.
东亚副热带西风急流位置异常对长江中下游夏季降水的影响 总被引：47，自引：9，他引：47
利用NCEP/NCAR 200 hPa月平均风场再分析资料,定义东亚大陆对流层上层不同经度上最大西风所在位置的平均纬度为东亚副热带西风急流轴线指数,该指数能准确反映东亚副热带西风急流位置的南北变化及其对长江中下游降水的影响,并能较好地体现东亚夏季风盛行期间对流层低层与高层的纬向风场变化特征。分析表明,该指数的时间变化具有与长江中下游夏季降水较一致的年代际变化及年际振荡特征。对东亚副热带西风急流位置异常年的大气环流差异分析表明,急流异常偏北时,南亚高压偏弱,位置偏北偏西,呈伊朗高压型;西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)偏弱、位置偏东偏北;气流的辐合上升区北移至华北一带,而长江流域低层风场为辐散异常,上升气流较常年偏弱,降水偏少。急流异常偏南时,南亚高压偏强,位置偏南偏东,呈青藏高压型;西太副高偏强、位置偏西偏南;长江流域地区上空低层有较强辐合上升气流,高层有较强的气流辐散,对流旺盛,雨带在此维持,容易引发洪涝。 相似文献
16.
长江流域夏季不同强度降水日数的时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用长江流域56个站点1957—2009年夏季逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及Hadley海表温度资料,分析了长江流域夏季不同强度降水日数的时空变化及其相关的海气异常型。结果表明:(1)近53 a来,长江流域夏季大到暴雨日数占总降水日数的比率呈明显增加趋势,而中小雨日数占总降水日数的比率呈明显减少趋势。(2)长江流域夏季不同强度降水日数的变化及其相应的海气异常型表现为明显不同的特征。当前期春季海温距平场表现为典型的东部型El Nino分布形态,500 h Pa位势高度场呈现出"+-+"的经向PJ波列,西北太平洋副热带高压偏强,位置偏南偏西,中高纬地区乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海地区出现双阻塞形势,南半球澳大利亚高压异常偏强,越赤道气流偏强,在30°N附近200 h Pa纬向西风急流异常偏强,850 h Pa风场在东亚上空经向方向上呈现出明显的反气旋—气旋—反气旋系统相间分布的特征时,有利于长江流域夏季大到暴雨降水日数偏多。 相似文献
17.
为了更加深入地了解暴雨中尺度系统,利用风廓线雷达资料,对2012—2014年发生在广东前汛期的短时强降水的暴雨过程临近时次的低空急流强度、低空急流高度、低空急流指数以及各层垂直风切变等物理量进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:（1）在广东前汛期,86%的暴雨过程都会有短时强降水的出现; （2）2 km高度以下最大风速呈正态分布特征,主要集中在10~21 m/s之间,60%以上的强降水发生前3小时低空急流便已经存在,且随着强降水的临近,低空急流的比例逐渐增大,超过80%的过程强降水出现时有低空急流相配合; （3）暴雨发生前低空急流强度基本维持,最低高度逐渐降低。强降水出现时次,低空急流表现出逐渐加强的特征,最低高度也明显下降,从而导致低空急流指数I增大; （4）地面到不同等压面的垂直风切变随着高度的增加而逐渐减小,其中强降水发生时地面到925 hPa垂直风切变相较于暴雨发生前有所增大,而地面到850 hPa及700 hPa垂直风切变在强降水发生时则表现出下降的特征; （5）选取暴雨发生前各类物理量的中值作为暴雨发生的阈值,则低空急流强度在13.5 m/s左右,最低高度为1 km左右,低空急流指数I为6×10-3 s-1左右,地面到925 hPa、850 hPa以及700 hPa之间的垂直风切变分别在7.3×10-3 s-1、6×10-3 s-1以及4×10-3 s-1左右。 相似文献
18.
利用奇异值分解 (SVD)方法分析和讨论了夏季 85 0hPa和 2 0 0hPa高低层纬向风距平差与我国夏季降水异常的关系 ,发现澳大利亚东北部高低层纬向风切变与长江中下游地区降水有较好的反相关 ,并定义了澳大利亚季风指数。 9个澳大利亚冬季风 (南半球 )指数低值年与 7个高值年我国夏季降水的平均差值图表明 ,显著的降水差异出现在长江中下游 ,低值年有利于长江中下游地区降水偏多 ;澳大利亚冬季风指数与夏季北半球 5 0 0hPa高度场的相关图在东亚至西太平洋的相关分布呈现出“ - -”结构 ,在我国长江以南的中低纬和贝加尔湖的高纬地区是负相关区 ,正相关在我国北方至日本的中纬地区。 相似文献
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对12 h 50 mm以上的强降水带的预报,模式输出的降水资料是预报的重要依据,但是有时偏差可达100～200 km.本文尝试依据国家气象中心2010年下发的《中尺度天气图分析技术规范(暂行稿)》,利用探空资料,对2011年6月我国南方梅雨期间强降水过程中4次12 h最强降水时段的环境场进行中尺度天气图分析,得到了有利于梅雨锋附近的强降水的预报着眼点,给出了判断强降水落区的一些参考依据.700 hPa以下西南(偏南)急流汇合区,在这些地区,具备了较强的动力、水汽辐合和一定的风垂直切变.地面气压槽中低于日变化的3h变压低值区(中心)易形成变压风辐合流场,也是强降水易发区(中心).多数情况下锋面可以作为强降水南界,但当925 hPa暖切变位于地面锋面南侧(附近),强降水发生在锋前暖区,10 m·s-1以上西南急流所能到达的纬度可作为南界.500 hPa槽前≥18 m·s-1中层西南急流轴一般可作为50 mm以上的强降水区域的北界,但当925 hPa切变位置与中层西南急流位置重叠或位于其北侧时,则以700 hPa切变为北边界.将这些判据应用于多次强降水天气时段中,并与日本模式输出降水比较,在强雨带南北界以及降水中心方面有订正作用.中尺度天气图分析技术及预报思路是订正模式对强降水落区预报的有效手段之一. 相似文献
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华南连续性特大致洪暴雨个例分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用气象常规观测资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从越赤道气流、降水时空分布以及过程开始、持续和结束环流时特征等方面对2005年6月18~24日华南连续性特大致洪暴雨过程进行了分析。结果发现,暴雨的空间分布有着双雨带特征,即南北两条雨带,北面雨带对应着切变线,南面的雨带对应着低空急流;暴雨开始前及暴雨过程中,索马里附近一直维持强盛的越赤道气流,同时在100°~160°E之间也有越赤道气流活动并有西进现象;500hPa西风槽、850hPa切变线是这次过程开始和维持的重要系统;华南上空对流层高层东风的建立是这次过程结束时重要特征;南海北部至广东上空低空急流中心风速的周期性脉动与广东强降水的日变化现象有着很好的对应关系。 相似文献