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1.
Interdecadal Modulation of the Influence of La Nina Events on Mei-yu Rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the relationship between mei-yu rainfall over East China and La Nin a events in the late 1970s,a period concurrent with the Pacific climate shift,using meiyu rainfall data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis.This relationship was modulated by the climate shift:Before the 1977/1978 climate shift and after the 1992/1993 climate shift,mei-yu rainfall levels were above normal in most La Nin a years,whereas during the period 1979-1991,mei-yu rainfall was usually below normal levels in La Nin a years.Both composite analyses and results from an atmospheric general circulation model show remarkable detail in terms of La Nin a’s impacts on mei-yu rainfall in the late 1970s due to the change in the mean climatic state over the tropical Pacific.After the late 1970s,the tropical Pacific SSTs were warmer,and the mean state of low-level anticyclone circulation over the western North Pacific (WNP) weakened.Superimposed on La Nin a-related cyclonic anomaly over the WNP,anticyclonic circulation weakened.Prior to the late 1970s,the mean state of low-level anticyclone circulation over the WNP was stronger and was less affected by La Nin a-related anomalous cyclones.Anticyclone circulation may have brought moisture to the Yangtze River valley,leading to above-normal rainfall. 相似文献
2.
夏季长江淮河流域异常降水事件环流差异及机理研究 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
长江、淮河同处东亚中纬度,天气过程的大尺度环流背景相似,大量相关研究基本是把江淮流域天气气候事件作为一个整体研究,然而对长江、淮河流域夏季降水的时空变化进行分析发现,长江、淮河流域夏季异常降水事件有各自不同的年际、年代际变化特征,但环流差异及成因并不十分清楚。本文根据中国台站降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用物理量诊断和现代统计学等方法,重点分析长江、淮河流域梅雨期降水异常事件发生时南北半球大气环流内部动力过程的差异及成因。研究指出:长江（淮河）流域梅雨期降水异常偏多年500 hPa位势高度场亚洲中高纬度环流呈现为南北向（东西向）的波列与东亚中高纬鄂霍茨克海阻塞频次增多（减少）以及200 hPa高度场上东亚副热带高空西风急流强度加强（减弱）、稳定（移动）有关;长江（淮河）流域梅雨期降水异常偏多年主要水汽来源与南半球澳大利亚高压、马斯克林高压位置偏东（西）造成西太平洋150°E～180°（阿拉伯海50°E～60°E）地区越赤道气流加强有关。长江（淮河）流域梅雨期异常降水事件大气环流内部动力过程最显著的差异表现为:东亚副热带高空西风急流加强（减弱）以及南半球澳大利亚高压、马斯克林高压位置偏东（西）。 相似文献
3.
热带环流异常对1998年长江流域特大洪涝的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了造成1998年长江流域特大洪涝灾害的大尺度热带环流成因。指出1998年处在热带环流强度偏弱的气候阶段，西太平洋暖池地区对流活动偏弱，南海热带季风持续异常偏弱，副热带夏季风偏强度是造成长江持续强降水的主要原因；西太平洋热带对流层高低层环流系统的异常分布，为1998年长江特大洪涝提供了有利的环流背景，还探讨了热带环流异常影响换国夏季降水的可能途径，它们的关系在1998年夏季降水预测中得到应用。 相似文献
4.
Chaofan LI Riyu LU Nick DUNSTONE Adam A.SCAIFE Philip E.BETT Fei ZHENG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(12):2055-2066
During June and July of 2020, the Yangtze River basin suffered from extreme mei-yu rainfall and catastrophic flooding. This study explores the seasonal predictability and associated dynamical causes for this extreme Yangtze River rainfall event, based on forecasts from the Met Office GloSea5 operational forecast system. The forecasts successfully predicted above-average rainfall over the Yangtze River basin, which arose from the successful reproduction of the anomalous western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). Our results indicate that both the Indian Ocean warm sea surface temperature (SST) and local WNP SST gradient were responsible for the westward extension of the WNPSH, and the forecasts captured these tropical signals well. We explore extratropical drivers but find a large model spread among the forecast members regarding the meridional displacements of the East Asian mid-latitude westerly jet (EAJ). The forecast members with an evident southward displacement of the EAJ favored more extreme Yangtze River rainfall. However, the forecast Yangtze River rainfall anomaly was weaker compared to that was observed and no member showed such strong rainfall. In observations, the EAJ displayed an evident acceleration in summer 2020, which could lead to a significant wind convergence in the lower troposphere around the Yangtze River basin, and favor more mei-yu rainfall. The model forecast failed to satisfactorily reproduce these processes. This difference implies that the observed enhancement of the EAJ intensity gave a large boost to the Yangtze River rainfall, hindering a better forecast of the intensity of the event and disaster mitigation. 相似文献
5.
6.
澳大利亚东侧环流及海温异常与长江中下游夏季旱涝的关系 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA的SST资料和1951～2005年中国160站月降水总量资料,研究了南极涛动,特别是澳大利亚东侧的环流及局地海温异常与长江中下游夏季旱涝的关系。研究发现,澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常与长江中下游夏季降水存在显著正相关,并由此定义了一个澳大利亚东侧位势高度指数（GHIEA）。当GHIEA指数偏大（小） 时,也即澳大利亚东侧位势高度偏高（偏低）,这种气压异常扰动可能通过Rossby波传播到北半球副热带地区,形成南北半球高度场的遥相关,使我国南海至菲律宾北部副热带地区位势高度增加（减小）,也即副高较强（弱）且偏南西伸（偏北偏东）,从而造成长江中下游地区降水偏多（少）。夏季南极涛动与长江中下游夏季降水的显著相关的原因主要是澳大利亚东侧局地位势高度异常造成的。澳大利亚东侧位势高度偏高（低）,南极涛动指数（IAO） 也随之偏大（小）,澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常通过南北半球高度场遥相关影响到北半球副热带地区的大气环流, 进而使长江中游夏季降水偏多（少）。另外,从局地海温异常角度也能部分解释澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常与长江中下游夏季降水存在显著正相关的可能成因:当澳大利亚东侧局地海域SST偏高（低）时,对应GHIEA指数偏高（低）,也即澳大利亚东侧位势高度偏高（低）。同时,当澳大利亚东侧局地海域SST偏高（低）时,南海地区SST也易于偏高（低）,使西太平洋副高较强并偏南西伸（较弱并偏北偏东）,从而造成长江中下游降水偏多（少）。 相似文献
7.
利用1979—2007年NOAA重建海温逐月资料和中国160站夏季降水资料,使用扩展奇异值分解（extended singular value decomposition,ESVD）方法,研究了冬季热带太平洋海温异常与次年夏季中国降水异常季节内演变型之间的关系,指出前冬El Nino事件是与次年夏季中国降水季节内变化相联系的最重要的热带太平洋海温异常模态。相应的降水异常季节内变化情况为：6月在长江以南为正异常,江淮流域有负异常;7月在华南沿海有负降水异常,而正异常北进到长江流域,华北地区也出现正降水异常;8月在长江南北分别为少雨和多雨。进一步研究前冬El Nino事件与次年春夏印度洋、太平洋海温异常、对流层低层风场异常以及副热带高压等的联系,结果表明：El Nio事件发生的次年春夏,热带西太平洋周边存在东负西正的海温异常分布;西太平洋反气旋异常较强;副高在6月、7月偏西偏北,但在8月迅速南退。虽然与El Nino事件相联系的6月与7月、8月的降水型不同,但是西太平洋反气旋异常带来的充沛水汽造成7月长江流域雨季多雨,8月副高迅速南退带来的又一次长江流域降水,造成了El Nino事件发生次年夏季长江流域涝而华南沿海旱的夏季平均降水异常型。 相似文献
8.
江淮流域夏季降水异常与西北太平洋副热带30～60天振荡强度年际变化的联系 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
利用1978～2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面观测站降水资料, 研究了夏季江淮流域降水多寡与30～60天振荡 (ISO) 强度年际变化的联系。结果表明: 江淮流域夏季降水异常与台湾海峡地区及西北太平洋低频能量变化相关显著。定义了ISO强度指数, 对ISO强度指数高低年夏季低频降水以及低频环流的位相合成表明: 高指数年主要通过存在于南海—西北太平洋地区的低频气旋、 反气旋系统的交替活动来影响副热带高压的进退, 从而引起江淮流域夏季降水异常; 低指数年江淮流域夏季降水主要受西太平洋副热带高压位置及强度变化的影响, 降水异常区主要位于江南地区。进一步研究表明, 非30～60天低频降水扰动与低频振荡强度也有很好的相关。低频环流对双周以及天气时间尺度环流变化可能存在调制作用, 这种作用对江淮流域夏季降水的年际异常起到非常重要的作用。 相似文献
9.
基于台站降水观测数据和MERRA-2再分析资料,分析了2014年夏季我国长江流域降水的季节内振荡特征,并从位涡角度重点研究了与之相关的环流演变。结果表明:2014年夏季长江流域降水季节内变率以10~20d的准双周振荡为主。在降水准双周振荡的极端湿位相,受对流层高层随中纬度波列东传的正异常位涡和南亚高压东侧西南向传播的正异常位涡的共同影响,南亚高压呈“马鞍型”分布,在长江流域形成高空辐散环流;在对流层中低层,当中纬度波列的异常气旋向东南传播至长江流域以北时,西太平洋异常反气旋延伸至中国东南沿海,二者共同导致长江流域低空水汽辐合加强;在高、低层环流的共同作用下,长江流域持续性降水显著偏多,形成准双周振荡的极端湿位相;同时,长江以北高空位涡正异常导致其下方冷空气下沉,触发长江流域异常上升运动和南海地区异常下沉运动,该经向垂直环流圈的形成有利于长江流域正异常降水的维持。反之则形成极端干相位。 相似文献
10.
Based on the daily reanalysis data from NCEP NCAR and daily precipitation data from the China National Meteorological Information Center,an ensemble empirical mode decomposition method is employed to extract the predominant oscillation modes of the East Asia Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern.The influences of these low-frequency modes on persistent heavy precipitation in the Yangtze Huai River(YHR)valley are investigated.The results indicate that the EAP pattern and rainfall in YHR valley both exhibit remarkable 10 30- and 30 60-day oscillations.The impacts of the EAP pattern on the YHR persistent heavy precipitation can be found on both the 10 30- and 30 60-day timescales the 10 30-day scale for most cases.Composite analysis indicates that,on the 10 30-day timescale,formation of the EAP pattern in the lower and middle troposphere is determined by convective systems near the tropical western Pacific;whereas in the middle troposphere,the phase transition is jointly contributed by both the dispersion of zonal wave energies at higher latitudes and convective systems over the South China Sea.In the context of the10 30-day EAP pattern,the anomalously abundant moisture is transported by an anomalous subtropical anticyclone system,and strong moisture convergence results from that anomalous anticyclone system and a cyclonic system in the midlatitude East Asia.Such a combination of systems persists for at least three days,contributing to the formation of persistent heavy precipitation in the YHR valley. 相似文献
11.
2015年我国东部夏季降水呈现南北反位相的空间分布,河套地区降水异常偏少、长江中下游地区降水异常偏多,同期印度中部地区降水负异常,上述三个区域2015年夏季降水距平百分率绝对值极大值均超过55%。东亚和南亚地区2015年夏季降水异常的形成机理主要是由于该年夏季处于El Niňo事件的发展位相,菲律宾群岛及邻近区域反气旋环流异常,江淮地区至日本列岛气旋式环流异常,对流层低层位势高度异常场和整层水汽异常输送场亦存在相一致的空间分布,表现为负位相的EAP(East Asian-Pacific)/PJ(Pacific-Japan)型遥相关,有利于河套地区降水偏少和长江流域降水偏多。热带太平洋海温异常引起热带地区Walker环流负异常,热带西太平洋地区上空受异常下沉气流控制,热带印度洋区域对流层盛行东风异常,减弱了印度夏季风,并造成了印度中部地区夏季降水偏少。另一方面,印度上空对流层低层受异常反气旋控制,该异常反气旋北侧的西风异常沿着青藏高原南麓向东运动,增强了与EAP/PJ型遥相关相联系的异常水汽输送,有利于维持和增强河套地区降水负异常和长江中下游地区降水正异常。 相似文献
12.
江淮流域梅雨期降水与10—30d低频振荡的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961--2010年中国756站逐日降水资料和NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料,分析了江淮流域梅雨期降水与10～30d低频振荡的关系。结果表明,梅雨偏多年降水具有明显的10～30d的周期变化,低频振荡经向上的北传和纬向上的西传与江淮流域梅雨期降水的活跃及中断关系密切。在梅雨偏多年,低层10～30d振荡主要通过南海低频反气旋和日本海低频气旋对江淮流域降水产生影响,并调控着西太平洋副热带高压的西进、东退,进而影响输送到江淮流域的水汽强度及冷暖空气在江淮流域的汇合;而高层,亚洲大陆中纬度地区东西向的低频气旋和反气旋影响着南亚高压的位置,从而形成江淮流域低频降水的强弱变化。 相似文献
13.
ENSO’s effect on the rainfall in eastern China in the following early summer is investigated by using station precipitation data and the ERA-40 reanalysis data from 1958 to 2002. In June, after the El Nino peak, the precipitation is significantly enhanced in the Yangtze River valley while suppressed in the Huaihe River-Yellow River valleys. This relationship between ENSO and the rainfall in eastern China is established possibly through two teleconnections: One is related to the western North Pacific (WNP) ... 相似文献
14.
江淮流域梅雨期降水的空间非均匀分布与前期海温的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用中国气象局提供的1978-2007年全国753站逐日降水资料、NECP/NCAR提供的逐日再分析资料和NOAA提供的第2套扩展重建海温资料,从区域整体角度确定了近30 a（1978-2007年）江淮流域梅雨期.采用EOF（empirical orthogonal function,经验正交函数）分析,讨论了江淮流域梅雨期降水空间非均匀分布特征,着重研究了影响江淮梅雨空间非均匀分布的前期海温关键区及关键时段.结果表明：全区一致梅雨旱涝与前期冬季北太平洋鄂霍次克海附近的海温异常有密切的联系.当前期冬季该海域海温偏高时,冬季风偏弱,对应后期梅雨一致偏涝,反之则偏旱.5月南海至台湾和菲律宾以东附近海温偏低,江淮流域梅雨量偏多,反之则偏少.梅雨的南北反相分布与前期秋冬季中印度洋的海温有非常密切的关系,当前一年10月至当年1月中印度洋海温偏高时,梅雨期850 hPa江淮之间易形成切变线,有利于梅雨区“南旱北涝”,反之则“南涝北旱”.梅雨的东西反相分布与前期秋、冬季热带中东太平洋的海温关系密切,ENSO事件有可能通过影响西太平洋副热带高压的东西位置,从而引起东亚大气环流异常,导致梅雨东西分布反相.前期秋季和冬季热带中东太平洋海温偏高年（对应ENSO暖事件）,西太副高位置偏西,有利于梅雨区“东旱西涝”,反之则“东涝西旱”. 相似文献
15.
Numerical Simulation of the 1999 Yangtze River Valley Heavy Rainfall Including Sensitivity Experiments with Different SSTA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
With the IAP/LASG GOALS model, the heavy rainfall of the summer of 1999 in the Yangtze River valley is simulated with observational sea surface temperature (SST). Comparing the simulations of 1999 with the corresponding ones of 1998 and the sensitivity experiments with different sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) at different ocean regions, the relationships between the floods in the Yangtze River valley and the SSTA in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are studied. The results show that the positive SSTA in the tropical Indian Ocean are a major contributor to the heavy rainfall and may be a very important index to predict the heavy rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the summer. The simulations also show that the relationships between the SSTA in the tropical eastern Pacific and the heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River valley are very complicated, and the heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River valley can occur in both a decaying and an intensifying E1 Nino event and also in a La Nifia event. However, the different SSTA of different periods in the above three cases play different partd. 相似文献
16.
This study investigates the relationship between the soil temperature in May and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） precipitation in June and July using station observed soil temperature data over Northwest China from 1971 to 2000.It is found that the memory of the soil temperature at 80-cm depth can persist for at least 2 months,and the soil temperature in May is closely linked to the EASM precipitation in June and July.When the soil temperature is warmer in May over Northwest China,less rainfall occurs over the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley but more rainfall occurs over South China in June and July.It is proposed that positive anomalous soil temperature in May over Northwest China corresponds to higher geopotential heights over the most parts of the mainland of East Asia,which tend to weaken the ensuing EASM.Moreover,in June and July,a cyclonic circulation anomaly occurs over Southeast China and Northwest Pacific and an anticyclonic anomaly appears in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley at 850 hPa.All the above tend to suppress the precipitation in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley.The results also indicate that the soil temperature in May over Northwest China is closely related to the East Asia/Pacific （EAP） teleconnection pattern,and it may be employed as a useful predictor for the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall. 相似文献
17.
The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanism from the observed data is discussed. It is discovered
that in the developing stage of ENSO, the SST in the western tropical Pacific is colder in summer, the convective activities
may be weak around the South China Sea and the Philippines. As a consequence, the subtropical high shifted southward. Therefore,
a drought may be caused in the Indo-China peninsula and in the South China. Moreover, in midsummer the subtropical high is
weak over the Yangtze River valley and Huaihe River valley, and the flood may be caused in the area from the Yangtze River
valley to Huaihe River valley. On the contrary, in the decaying stage of ENSO, the convective activities may be strong around
the Philippines, and the subtropical high shifted northward, a drought may be caused in the Yangtze River valley and Huaihe
River valley. 相似文献
18.
With the IAP/LASG GOALS model,the heavy rainfall of the summer of 1999 in the Yangtze River valley is simulated with observational sea surface temperature (SST).Comparing the simulations of 1999 with the corresponding ones of 1998 and the sensitivity experiments with different sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) at different ocean regions,the relationships between the floods in the Yangtze River valley and the SSTA in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are studied.The results show that the positive SSTAin the tropical Indian Ocean are a major contributor to the heavy rainfall and may be a very important index to predict the heavy rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the summer.The simulations also show that the relationships between the SSTA in the tropical eastern Pacific and the heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River valley are very complicated,and the heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River valley can occur in both a decaying and an intensifying El Ninio event and also in a La Nina event.However,the different SSTA of different periods in the above three cases play different parts. 相似文献
19.
2003年淮河暴雨期大气水汽输送特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2003年淮河流域发生持续性暴雨期间的水汽输送情况,发现暴雨区的异常水汽并不是来自通常输送量最大的水汽输送通道2(来自印度洋孟加拉湾的西南气流经中南半岛到我国东部地区)和水汽通道3(来自孟加拉湾的水汽经中南半岛到达南海与南海的偏南气流汇合再向北输送),而主要来自位置异常西移的水汽输送通道4(来自副高南侧的偏东气流沿着副高边缘转向向东输送到我国东部雨区)。暴雨区内有大量的异常纬向水汽通量距平,但并没有对异常降水辐合产生贡献,而相对小量的经向水汽通量距平在暴雨区产生强烈的辐合,为持续性暴雨提供绝大部分水源。输送至暴雨区的大量经向异常水汽通量距平主要来源于暴雨区南侧紧邻的中国南部沿海地区,而不是主要的水汽源区——南海。造成大气中水汽输送及辐合异常状况的最主要原因是西北太平洋副热带高压的异常西伸,强度偏强,且长期稳定少动。此外,欧亚两槽一脊的环流形势和副高北侧异常加强的低层西风急流及其稳定性也是形成此次淮河流域持续性暴雨必不可少的条件。 相似文献