共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
下投探空资料在台风莫拉克路径预报的应用试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2009年8月7日中国大陆举行了首次利用机载下投式探空仪观测台风的试验,飞机在台风莫拉克与天鹅之间的云带相对稀薄区释放11个下投式探空仪。基于下投探空观测资料、常规探空资料和1°×1°分辨率的NCEP再分析资料,分析下投探空资料的可用性,并以下投探空资料初步分析了两台风间南海上空的风场、湿度场等大气特性;分别进行了有无以同化下投探空为初始场的GRAPES模式的模拟试验,以了解下投探空资料对台风莫拉克预报的影响作用。初步结论表明,台风天鹅与莫拉克之间的南海上空对流层中低层为深厚的西南气流,对流层低层及高层湿度小,中间层大;同化下投探空资料后,观测地区(下投探空点及其附近)800 hPa以下西南风减弱,以上加强,湿度中低层减小;有无同化下投探空资料的初值场差异随模式积分向下游传播,影响台风的环境场,改变了台风的引导气流:同化后500 hPa台风引导气流偏东、偏北分量加强,使台风的路径更接近实况路径,48 h台风路径预报误差比原来减少18%。 相似文献
2.
飞机下投探空在台风探测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在海洋探测方面,利用飞机进行下投探空拥有巨大的潜力去弥补全球高空探测网的空白。台风形成后,飞机飞入台风中心或绕台风飞行,下投配有全球卫星定位(GPS)装置的"探空仪",探空仪上安装有温度、气压、湿度传感器,通过GPS定位测风,对台风实施立体观测。多年来,飞机下投探空能够充分掌握台风的整体气象要素分布结构,从而提高对台风强度和移动路径等预报的准确性,飞机下投探空在国际上已经从科学试验转变成业务应用,并且形成新型的探测技术——目标观测。本文主要总结了国际上利用飞机搭载下投式探空仪进行台风探测的发展历程,为我国开展下投探空,特别是台风监测提供可借鉴的经验。 相似文献
3.
适应性观测可以改善资料同化和预报质量。本文利用集合卡尔曼变换适应性观测系统对2015年09号台风“灿鸿”进行了观测敏感区识别，并以第一目标时刻的观测敏感区为基础，运用观测系统模拟试验方法获取模拟的适应性观测资料。基于WRF中尺度同化和预报系统，开展了适应性观测敏感区模拟资料的同化和预报试验。研究发现，台风“灿鸿”（1509）的观测敏感区主要位于台风中心的东北侧及东南侧。同化敏感区内模拟观测资料比同化常规观测资料能更好地改善分析质量和高度、台风路径的预报质量，但对降水的预报改善较弱。 相似文献
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0920号超强台风“卢碧”引起的强海上大气波导成因分析与数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于中国台湾地区主持的侵台台风之飞机侦察及下投式探空仪观测实验（Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region,DOTSTAR）获得的高分辨率下投式探空仪探测资料,分析了2003年9月—2012年8月所有发生在中国台湾地区附近海域的台风型大气波导事件,遴选出一次由0920号超强台风“卢碧”引起的强台风型海上大气波导过程作为研究对象。利用欧洲中期数值预报中心（ECMWF）再分析资料（水平分辨率0.125°×0.125°）,对此次波导的生成原因进行了分析;基于WRF模式比较了不同初始化方法对台风强度、尺度和周围台风型大气波导的模拟能力。结果表明,此次强台风型大气波导发生在台风环流西北侧外围的弱下沉运动区,其形成与850 hPa高度附近北方强干空气平流导致湿度随高度锐减密切相关。在数值模拟中运用台风动力初始化方法,可以有效改进台风强度、路径和尺度的模拟效果,进而有利于改善台风型大气波导尤其是波导层所在高度的模拟效果。台风外围出现的大气波导通常以悬空波导为主,模拟效果与台风螺旋雨带和内核尺度的模拟关系密切,而与台风强度和眼墙结构关系不大。中尺度数值模式WRF具有模拟台风型大气波导的能力,是研究台风型大气波导的有力手段。 相似文献
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基于WRF中尺度模式,采用集合卡尔曼滤波方法同化中国岸基多普勒天气雷达径向速度资料,对2015年登陆台风彩虹（1522）进行数值试验。从台风强度、路径、结构等方面验证了同化效果,并对不同区域雷达观测资料的同化敏感性进行讨论。试验结果表明:在同化窗内同化分析场台风位置误差相比未同化平均减小15 km,最多时刻减小38 km,同化资料时次越多,确定性预报路径误差越小。同化雷达资料后较好地反映出台风彩虹（1522）近海加强过程,台风中心最低气压同化分析和预报误差相比未同化最大减小超过25 hPa,台风眼的尺度、眼墙处对流非对称结构相比未同化与观测更加接近。试验还表明:台风内核100 km范围内的雷达观测对同化效果影响最大,仅同化这部分资料（约占总量的20%）各方面效果与同化全部资料相近,而仅同化100 km以外资料效果明显不及同化所有资料。仅同化台风内核雷达观测资料可以在不影响同化效果的前提下,使集合同化计算机时减小为原来的1/3,该策略可为台风实际业务预报提供一定参考。 相似文献
7.
适应性观测是指为了有针对性地提高高影响天气数值预报的质量,在已有观测系统基础上对特定敏感区域/特定时段进行补充性加强观测。十多年来,这种旨在提高数值预报质量的新策略在国际上引起高度重视,成功开展了多个系列外场观测试验,并在适应性观测敏感区识别方法的发展和适应性观测资料同化后对数值预报质量影响的定量评估等方面均取得了重要的研究成果。文中简述了适应性观测问题及其目的,着重分析和总结了目标敏感区识别方法及其特点和适应性观测对数值预报质量的影响等方面的研究进展,并讨论了适应性观测资料改进未来数值预报质量需要解决的关键科学问题。 相似文献
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下投式探空资料对Debby飓风路径预报影响的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在飓风路径的数值预报中，对于初始场的要求很高，然而，由于初始资料的缺乏，经常导致路径预报的误差较大，尤其是当飓风处于远离陆地的海上时，这种误差更大，通过利用UM模式在Debby飓风活动期间，对下投式探空仪所获取探空资料，采用不同使用方案的三个时次共计10次数值试验的结论分析，给出一些有意义的 结论，即非实时资料对实时资料的有效补充，能够提高飓风路径预报精度，而在众多气象要素场中，风场和湿度场对飓风路径预报的影响更大。 相似文献
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根据国家气象中心建立的台风路径数值预报试验系统，引入了模型台风。模型台风是利用获得的场面参数构成的，然后再叠加到客观分析场上作为台风路径预报的初始场。引入模型台风后，无论是台风中心位置还是其流场、质量场与实际观测比较接近，且预报效果有一定提高。利用模型台风对1992年Eli（9205号）和Janis（9210号）台风进行了实时的预报试验。结果表明对这二个台风的移动趋势基本上能预报出来，预报的台风路径与实况进行了对比，并与气候持续预报作了比较，效果较好。 相似文献
10.
利用2003年台风季节T213L31的12时10天预报分析了国家气象中心全球中期数值预报模式系统T213L31对台风路径的预报能力,并就如何改进其对台风路径的预报能力进行了探讨。结果表明,在台风季节,T213L31模式在近57%的预报中对台风路径有预报,但初始位置误差较大。没有预报的区域主要集中在13～20°N,120°E以东的台风生成较为集中的地方,而此区域恰好不存在常规观测资料。对于目前仍采用OI分析的T213L31中期预报系统,常规观测资料在此区域的匮乏是其在此台风集中生成区预报能力较弱的主要原因。为了改进T213L31对台风路径的预报能力,本文就增加常规观测、加入人造台风模型进行了数值试验。试验结果显示,有限的常规观测对T213L31对台风的预报能力有明显提高。人造台风的加入无疑会改善T213L31在无常规资料区的预报,也会改善T213L31在资料较丰富地区的短期台风路径预报能力(36小时以内预报),而对较长时效预报的影响则有好有坏。 相似文献
11.
There was a new concept of ‘adaptive or targeting observation’ in recent years, which is an
additional and targeting observation based on the existing and fixed observing network for the atmosphere on the
impacted region. Dropsonde is one of the important observing instruments in the adaptive or targeting
observation. In this paper, GRAPES, the next generation of numerical weather prediction system of China has
been used. The impacts on the typhoon Dujuan (No.200315) forecast in experiments with dropsonde have been
studied and experiments on sensitivity have also been done. It was found that the forecasts of the elements have
been improved obviously with the use of dropsonde, such as the path, the center location, and the intensity of
typhoon. It was also found in the sensitivity studies that the setting of deviation structure also has obvious
impacts on the forecast for typhoons. It is not true that the simulation is better when the proportion of the data of dropsonde is larger in the course to modify the background. 相似文献
12.
QIN Xiao-Hao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(3):170-175
In this paper, several sets of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were designed for three typhoon cases to determine whether or not the additional observation data in the sensitive regions identified by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) could improve the short-range forecast of typhoons. The results show that the CNOPs capture the sensitive regions for typhoon forecasts, which implies that conducting additional observation in these specific regions and eliminating initial errors could reduce forecast errors. It is inferred from the results that dropping sondes in the CNOP sensitive regions could lead to improvements in typhoon forecasts. 相似文献
13.
Observation System Experiments for Typhoon Nida (2004) Using the CNOP Method and DOTSTAR Data 
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下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Bo-Yu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(2):118-123
This study investigated the influence of dropwindsonde observations on typhoon forecasts. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method as a basis for sensitivity analysis of such forecasts. This sensitivity analysis could furnish guidance in the selection of targeted observations. The study was performed by conducting observation system experiments (OSEs). This research used the fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and dropsonde observations of Typhoon Nida at 1200 UTC 17 May 2004. The dropsondes were collected under the operational Dropsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) program. In this research, five kinds of experiments were designed and conducted:(1) no observations were assimilated; (2) all observations were assimilated;(3) observations in the sensitive area revealed by the CNOP method were assimilated;(4) the same as in (3), but for the region revealed by the first singular vector (FSV) method;and (5) observations within a randomly selected area were assimilated. The OSEs showed that (1) the DOTSTAR data had a positive impact on the forecast of Nida’s track;(2) dropsondes in the sensitive areas identified by the MM5 CNOP and FSV remained effective for improving the track forecast for Nida on the WRF platform;and (3) the greatest improvement in the track forecast resulted from the CNOP-based (third) simulation, which indicated that the CNOP method would be useful in decision making about dropsonde deployments. 相似文献
14.
With the Reisner-2 bulk microphysical parameterization of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5), this paper investigates the microphysical sensitivities of Typhoon Chanchu. Four different microphysical sensitivity experiments were designed with an objective to evaluate their respective impacts in modulating intensity forecasts and microphysics budgets of the typhoon. The set of sensitivity experiments were conducted ... 相似文献
15.
The MM5, which is the PSU/NCAR mesoscale nonhydrostatic limited-area model, and its
adjoining modeling system are used in this paper. Taking T106 analysis data as background field the authors
generate an optimal initial condition of a typhoon by using two bogus data assimilation schemes, and conduct
some numerical simulating experiments. The results of No.9608 typhoon (Gloria) show that the optimal initial
field have some dramatic improvements, such as inaccurate position of typhoon center, weaker typhoon
circulation and incomplete inner structure of the typhoon, which are caused by shortage of data over the sea.
Some improvements have been made in the track forecast. Through several comparing experiments, the
initialization optimized by BDA scheme is found to be more reasonable than GFDL scheme and its typhoon track
forecast is better. 相似文献
16.
2015年8月23—24日期间台风天鹅引发华东中部沿海地区出现暴雨或大暴雨天气。基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的集合预报分析导致此次远距离暴雨预报不确定的关键原因,并利用集合敏感性分析方法研究影响此次暴雨过程的主要天气系统的敏感区域,此外对暴雨发生发展的热动力机制展开探讨,主要结论包括:集合预报对此次台风天鹅引起的远距离暴雨的可预报性明显偏低,仅在暴雨发生前24 h才做出较大调整。在不同起报时次下,当台风路径的系统性偏差最小时,台风降水集合预报也最接近实况,但是进一步的分析表明,台风路径误差与降水量级之间的对应关系并不确定。不同雨量成员组间中低层环流场的对比分析表明:高空槽的预报差异是集合预报不确定的主要原因,高空槽东移加深有利于增加暴雨区的斜压不稳定,也有利于增强对流层低层的水汽输送急流带。500 hPa高度场的敏感性分析表明无论是初始场还是预报场,暴雨区平均降雨量均与高空槽的东移和加深显著相关,且随着预报时次的临近,显著相关区域向低槽下游明显扩大。此外还发现高空槽的东移有利于增强(减弱)暴雨区左(右)侧低层冷空气的强度,使得台风右侧更多暖湿气流向暴雨区输送。 相似文献
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"龙王"台风是2005年登陆中国的典型强台风。在海上观测资料较为稀缺的情况下,应用DOTSTAR(Dropsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region)对"龙王"不同发展时段的两次GPS Dropsonde观测资料,对其动力、热力及非对称结构的变化情况进行分析。结果表明,第二次观测到的"龙王"无论在动力结构还是在热力结构上都较第一次观测有所发展,显示"龙王"强度压缩增强。进一步研究表明,环境垂直风切变是造成台风结构不对称分布的主要原因,较大的垂直风切变不但导致台风产生明显的非对称性结构,而且不利于台风的进一步增强。 相似文献
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应用蓝金模式模拟了纯气旋性旋转的多普勒雷达径向速度特征,还模拟了不同环境风向和吹向台风中心的辐合风对台风多普勒速度特征的影响。在此基础上,提出了雷达实测台风速度的特征和不同环境风向的速度数值模拟图进行比较,从而提取出相应环境风信息的方法,并应用这种环境风信息来判断台风的移动路径。通过对台风实例分析,特别是在台风发生转折的关键时刻,该方法都能够较准确地判断环境风转折的多普勒速度特征。应用多普勒雷达径向速度图像与不同环境风向模拟图像进行比较的方法,能够实时(雷达观测时间间隔仅为6 min)监测到环境气流的方向及其变化,比较准确地监测台风的移动路径,这是其他大尺度气象资料难以做到的。分析表明:环境风转向变化的现象在前,台风发生转折的现象在后,对台风路径的短时预报具有一定应用价值。 相似文献
19.
To investigate the impact of various types of data on medium-range forecasts, observing system experiments are performed using an assimilation algorithm based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis system. Data-denial experiments for radiosonde, satellite, aircraft, and sea surface observations, and selected data experiments for radiosonde and surface data, are conducted for the boreal summer of 1997 and the boreal winter of 1997/1998. The data assimilation system used in this study is remarkably dependent on radiosonde data, which provides information about the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere. As expected, the impact of radiosonde observations on medium-range forecasts is strongly positive over the Northern Hemisphere and tropics, whereas the satellite system is most beneficial over the Southern Hemisphere. These results are also found in experiments simulating historical changes in observation systems. Over the tropics, assimilation without radiosonde observations generates unbalanced analyses resulting in unrealistic forecasts that must be corrected by the forecast model. Forecasts based on analysis from the observation data before the era of radiosonde observation are found to be less meaningful. In addition, the impacts on forecasts are closely related to the geographical distribution of observation data. The memory of observation data embedded in the analysis tends to persist throughout forecasts. However, cases exist where the effect of forecast error growth is more dominant than that of analysis error, e.g., over East Asia in summer, and where the deficiency in observations is supplemented or the imbalance in analysis is adjusted by the forecast model during the period of forecasts. Forecast error growth may be related to the synoptic correction performed by the data assimilation system. Over data-rich areas, analysis fields are corrected to a greater extent by the data assimilation system than are those over data-poor areas, which can cause the forecast model to produce more forecast errors in medium-range forecasts. It is found that even one month per season is sufficient for forecast skill verification in data impact experiments. Additionally, the use of upper-air observations is found to benefit areas that are downstream of observation data-rich areas. 相似文献