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1.
观测表明北极平流层自20世纪70年代末以来在冬季早期 (11～12月) 存在变暖的趋势。为了验证该趋势是否是由于海面温度 (SST) 升高造成的, 我们使用观测的全球SST强迫一个全球大气环流模式 (AGCM)。集合模拟的结果表明, 在SST强迫下, 北极平流层呈现统计显著的变暖趋势, 极地对流层也有相对较弱的变暖趋势, 但统计显著性较低。通过对模拟的位势高度进行经验正交函数 (EOF) 分析, 我们发现北半球位势高度第一模态 (EOF1) 的空间结构非常类似于北极涛动 (AO) 或北半球环状模 (NAM), 其平流层主分量时间序列在冬季早期呈现统计显著的负趋势。与负的AO趋势相对应的是, 对流层高纬度和平流层中高纬度波动增强, 说明极区变暖是由于波动增强产生的极区绝热加热增强造成的。另外, 模拟的结果还表明北极平流层不仅在冬季早期出现变暖的趋势, 在冬季晚期 (2～3月) 北极平流层低层也出现弱的变暖趋势。SST强迫导致北极平流层冬季变暖不利于异相臭氧化学反应的发生, 这对极地平流层臭氧恢复有着重要意义。 相似文献
2.
沿120°E中纬度对流层—平流层下部气候变化及与臭氧变化的联系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1958~1995年海拉尔、沈阳、南京三地区地面至30 hPa标准层月平均气温资料,研究了近40年沿120°E、30°~50°N区域气候变率随高度、纬度和季节的分布特征,前、后两个20年气候变率的变动及其与亚欧不同地区臭氧变化的联系。结果指出:近20年来,该区域对流层中下部变暖速率随纬度显著增大,尤其在冬季;200 hPa以上变冷速率亦随高度及纬度显著增大,尤其在冬、春季。而前、后两个20年,高、低层气候变化趋势截然相反,这是一种年代际尺度气候变化。三地区各季节平流层下部变冷率（对流层中下部变暖率）随纬度增高而加大与邻近同纬带地区臭氧减少率随纬度增高而加大的现象基本对应,表明平流层下部因臭氧减少引起的辐射加热减少,可能是支配我国东部平流层下部变冷率（对流层中下部变暖率）随纬度增高而显著加大的一个重要因子。 相似文献
3.
利用TOMS大气臭氧总量格点资料分析了东北地区近6a(1996年8月-2002年7月)臭氧的分布特征、季节变化、变化趋势及其对气温变化的影响，并与1979—1992年的变化情况作了对比分析。结果表明：东北地区处于北半球大气臭氧高值中心的边缘，臭氧总量呈随纬度增加的分布形式，近6a区域年均值为361Du；冬春季总量较大、夏秋季较小，其中8月最小，3月最大；1979—1992年臭氧存在明显的下降趋势(冬季最为显著)，下降趋势高纬大于低纬，近6a整个区域没有系统性下降趋势；1979—1992年对流层中下部显著变暖、对流层上层和平流层低层显著变冷，且变暖率与变冷率均随纬度增高而加大，而近6a气温变幅很小，这与臭氧变化趋势基本对应，表明臭氧的辐射加热是影响平流层低层、对流层高层温度场的重要因素，同时它对对流层低层气温的影响值得进一步关注。 相似文献
4.
利用TOMS大气臭氧总量格点资料分析了东北地区近6a(1996年8月—2002年7月)臭氧的分布特征、季节变化、变化趋势及其对气温变化的影响,并与1979—1992年的变化情况作了对比分析。结果表明:东北地区处于北半球大气臭氧高值中心的边缘,臭氧总量呈随纬度增加的分布形式,近6a区域年均值为361Du;冬春季总量较大、夏秋季较小,其中8月最小,3月最大;1979—1992年臭氧存在明显的下降趋势(冬季最为显著),下降趋势高纬大于低纬,近6a整个区域没有系统性下降趋势;1979—1992年对流层中下部显著变暖、对流层上层和平流层低层显著变冷,且变暖率与变冷率均随纬度增高而加大,而近6a气温变幅很小,这与臭氧变化趋势基本对应,表明臭氧的辐射加热是影响平流层低层、对流层高层温度场的重要因素,同时它对对流层低层气温的影响值得进一步关注。 相似文献
5.
全球平流层下部降温及其对纬向风的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,结合HALOE的臭氧和甲烷卫星观测资料,分析100~50 hPa的平流层下部温度变率及其与微量气体和平均纬向风的关系。结果表明,全球平流层下部大气温度自1948年至今总体呈下降趋势,而近十几年,全球平流层下部温度下降更加显著。热带和低纬甲烷的增长可能是其降温的一个重要原因。此外,由于平流层下部温度变率的经向不均匀性,同时还会引起该地区平均纬向风的变化。 相似文献
6.
Slowing down of the summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode trend against the background of ozone recovery 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fei Zheng 《大气和海洋科学快报》2024,(1):3-10
20世纪末期,南半球热带外地区经历了显著的气候变化,包括夏季南半球环状模(SAM)的显著上升趋势,伴随着南极半岛的增暖和别林斯高晋海的海冰融化.这些趋势主要是由20世纪末期南极平流层臭氧消耗所驱动的.本文发现,自2001年左右以来,在南极平流层臭氧恢复的背景下,观测到的夏季SAM的上升趋势已经趋于平缓,验证了前人利用数值模拟预测的夏季SAM上升趋势减缓现象.与SAM在臭氧恢复后趋势只减缓但没有逆转不同,南极地表气温和海冰的趋势发生了逆转.南极半岛由变暖趋势转为降温趋势,别林斯高晋海域的海冰由融化趋势转为增多趋势. 相似文献
7.
全球海气系统年代际突变时空特征的模拟评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中评估了5个耦合模式对1880年至今全球海气系统的年平均年代际突变时空特征的模拟能力。19世纪80年代—20世纪90年代,评估了耦合模式对海表温度(SST)和海平面气压(SLP)的年代际突变水平分布的模拟能力;20世纪70—90年代,评估了耦合模式对70、80和90年代这3次年代际突变大气的四维时空特征的模拟。结果表明,在上述2个时段中,5个耦合模式对SST场中年代际突变分布最主要的空间分布型——太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)没有抓住,可能导致了对SST年代际突变的空间分布的模拟能力较差,也没有模拟出SLP年代际突变的行星及其以上尺度的空间结构。20世纪70—90年代,在对流层中,UKMO-HadGEM1模式较好地模拟出了70年代的热带地区500 hPa气温和位势高度,80年代极地SLP,90年代南、北副热带气温和500 hPa气温的年代际突变的空间分布。GFDL-CM2.1模式部分模拟出了90年代的SST和500 hPa温度场突变的水平分布。其余模式中也有行星及以上尺度的年代际突变发生,虽然所模拟出来的突变的时间和空间分布与实际差异都较大,但说明这些模式可以模拟出大尺度气候系统年代际突变,其中包含的物理过程还有待于进一步的研究。在平流层,肖栋(2008年)指出1994年平流层的降温突变可能是1991年Pinatubo火山爆发所造成的臭氧减少导致的。其中,GFDL-CM2.1和ECHAM5/MPI-OM模式较好地模拟出了平流层在1994年的降温突变,CCSM3和UKMO-HadGEM1模式部分模拟出了平流层的变冷突变,而FGC)ALS-g1.0模式没有模拟出来。分析表明,这可能是FGOALS-g1.0模式没有考虑火山灰或者臭氧的作用所致。 相似文献
8.
利用南极16站30余年地面至30hPa10层月平均气温距平序列资料,采用最大熵功率谱方法,研究了南极对流层至平流层下部气候变化的长期趋势和周期性特征,并讨论了平流层(对流层)气候变化与南极臭氧总量(南半球500hPa环流)变化之间的联系。指出:南极气温具有明显的长期趋势和周期性变化;平流层下部显着变冷、对流层增暖,变化最大层高度在100、700hPa,最大降冷速率远大于增暖速率,气层稳定度趋于减弱;30、50hPa气温具有准两年周期,100hPa上下具有显着的年周期,对流层是以3.5年甚低频周期为主;对流层顶气温无显着趋势变化和周期性变化;南极最大臭氧层高度显着变冷与近15年来臭氧层损耗有关。南半球对流层中部极涡及绕极气流减弱是南极对流层气候变暖的直接原因。 相似文献
9.
利用1962～1993年南极16站地面至30hPa10个标准层上月平均温度、南极臭氧总量以及2800MHz太阳通量资料,采用最大熵功率谱方法,研究了各季中月南极诸高度气候的线性趋势变化、熵谱特征及其可能原因。结果显示:南极平流层气温(臭氧总量)在各月均呈变冷(减少)趋势,10月100hPa气温(臭氧总量)10年的变率最大达-1.8℃(-14.8%).南极对流层气温(2800MHz太阳通量)在各月均呈显著增暖(增强)趋势,1月500hPa气温(太阳通量)10年的变率高达0.4℃(22.1个单位).各月太阳通量均呈显著的3年及9～10年甚低频-年代际周期变化。而对流层850～500hPa气温变化熵谱仅在7月具有相应的特征,南极对流层顶气温在各季中月均无显著的趋势变化及周期性变化。提出南极春季臭氧的显著减少及夏季太阳通量的增强是平流层显著变冷及对流层变暖的重要原因;南极夏季对流层显著增暖导致南极大陆边缘部分冰雪消融,可能是近年来全球海平面升高的重要原因之一。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原平流层臭氧和气溶胶的变化趋势研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通过分析SAGEⅡ资料,发现青藏高原平流层臭氧存在递减趋势,15—50 km臭氧的变化对臭氧总量变化贡献最大,其中25—50 km和15—25 km两层的贡献大致相当。通过青藏高原和中国东部地区平流层臭氧变化的对比,清楚地看出:两地臭氧总量变化的差异主要是由于在15—25 km臭氧变化不同所致。5—7月臭氧变化趋势的情况与年平均的变化类似,两地臭氧变化的差异主要在平流层低层,即15—25 km。青藏高原平流层气溶胶面密度的时间变化序列显示:大的火山喷发对青藏高原平流层气溶胶具有重要影响,其影响可持续6年左右。从1997年至今,青藏高原18—25 km气溶胶面密度增加,最大的增长出现在23 km,每年大约增长4%—5%。而在16—17 km气溶胶的面密度出现减少趋势。与此同时,在37 km以下,青藏高原的温度出现递减的趋势,而且其递减速度比中国东部地区快;在37—50 km,温度出现增加的趋势,青藏高原的增温也比中国东部地区快。青藏高原平流层低层气溶胶的增加和温度的降低都将增强该区域非均相反应的作用。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献