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1.
利用NCEP再分析资料(水平分辨率1°×1°)和同时间的探空、地面资料,分析了2006年4月在平顶山市出现的沙尘天气过程的天气气候背景、影响系统及这次过程的演变和动力机制,结果发现:这次天气过程的主要影响系统是强冷空气和蒙古气旋,强冷平流一方面使低槽、冷锋东移南压,另一方面与暖平流共同作用促进蒙古气旋的发展,造成平顶山市这次沙尘天气过程;沙尘上空螺旋度垂直分布及演变与沙尘天气的出现有一定的对应关系;高低空急流的稳定维持产生两个独立的次级环流,在直接环流北分支的下沉运动有利于高空急流动量下传,促进对流层中低层风力加大,冷锋南压,触发不稳定层结大气,驱动这次天气过程的发生、发展。 相似文献
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本文利用卫星资料、加密实况观测资料、NCEP再分析资料分析了2009年4月下旬我国北方地区大范围沙尘天气过程的成因,并对热力、动力及不稳定层结等条件作了物理量诊断,得到了以下主要结论：贝加尔湖阻塞高压、高空冷涡及蒙古气旋是造成此次大范围沙尘天气的有利环流形势,其中蒙古气旋是关键影响系统;干暖舌位置对于沙尘落区有一定指示意义,沙尘暴落区与干暖舌的位置及移动方向一致;高空急流的发展演变与此次沙尘天气密切相关,沙尘天气主要发生在高空急流入口右侧,高空急流加强东移南压对应着沙尘天气东扩南压加强;螺旋度反映出沙尘暴过程中气旋区旋转上升明显,且螺旋度大值区后倾;理查逊数下降并维持低值、风垂直切变增大,大气层结不稳定,易激发沙尘暴发生和向下游传输。 相似文献
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西北地区一次沙尘天气的数值诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用实况资料和WRF模式预报场.对2006年4月9～11日西北地区一次大范围沙尘天气进行动力诊断及数值模拟分析.结果表明;此次过程属于蒙古冷槽型,地面强冷空气的爆发直接导致了沙尘天气的发生,沙尘发生在冷锋后及锋面过境时;高空急流的发展、移动对沙尘天气有预示作用;沙尘发生区次级环流在过程发展中有明显变化,下沉气流和上升气流并存;有利的散度场促进了上升及下沉运动的加强;涡度场的变化影响蒙古气旋,对沙尘天气的发生发展有指示意义;稳定的大气层结和近地层较大的垂直风切变是两个特征;WRF模式对此次沙尘天气有较好的模拟能力. 相似文献
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不同动力热力条件下蒙古气旋引发沙尘天气过程的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析不同环流背景下蒙古气旋引发的两次沙尘天气过程发现,大尺度环流形势500 hPa上的冷空气和冷涡主体的位置不同,造成地面蒙古气旋的强度和气旋的生命周期也有所不同;强的斜压大气有利于蒙古气旋的发展,斜压大气中的温度平流和涡度平流的输送促进了气旋的快速发展,伴随着地面温、压、风等气象要素的急剧变化,产生强沙尘天气过程;大气行星边界层稳定度的理查孙数(Ri)有可能较好地描述沙尘天气过程的强度,强的沙尘天气过程中,Ri小于1并持续较长时间,有利于动力乱流发展;弱的沙尘天气过程中,只有短时出现负Ri.因此,Ri的强度以及持续时间的长短可以作为沙尘天气预报中的一个参考的预报因子. 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料以及环保监测数据,对2010年4月8日辽宁沙尘天气过程的高低空天气形势和主要气象要素进行探讨,并对沈阳地区的空气污染状况进行分析。结果表明：沙尘天气过程主要是受贝加尔湖地区东移冷空气和蒙古低压的共同影响,强大的蒙古气旋造成地面强变压导致地面风速加大,是形成沙尘天气的动力因子;沙尘天气来临前后,风速、能见度和湿度等发生急剧变化;在沙尘天气影响下,沈阳地区的PM10浓度迅速上升,而大风等有利的扩散条件,造成黑碳、气态污染物SO2和NO2浓度出现不同程度的下降。 相似文献
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运用常规气象观测资料,从天气环流形势的演变过程及有关物理量变化状况,对2010年3月19—20日发生在乌兰察布地区沙尘天气过程做了客观分析。分析结果表明：造成这次沙尘天气过程的主要影响天气系统是蒙古气旋和地面冷锋。蒙古气旋后部西北强冷空气侵入为起源于蒙古国西南部以及内蒙古西中部周边沙尘的输送提供了动力条件;地面冷锋过境使该地区温度梯度增大,空气对流上升加剧,为上游输送而来的尘土、沙石卷入空中浮悬提供了抬升条件。两者共同作用促使沙尘天气过程持续时间长、范围广,并伴有扬沙和沙尘暴出现。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料以及环保监测数据,对2010年4月8日辽宁沙尘天气过程的高低空天气形势和主要气象要素进行了探讨,并对沈阳地区的空气污染状况进行了分析。结果表明：沙尘天气过程主要是受贝加尔湖地区东移的冷空气和蒙古低压的共同影响,强大的蒙古气旋造成的地面强变压导致地面风速加大,是形成沙尘天气的动力因子;沙尘天气来临前后,风速、能见度、湿度等发生急剧变化;在沙尘天气影响下,沈阳地区的PM10浓度迅速上升,而大风等有利的扩散条件,造成黑碳、气态污染物SO2和NO2浓度出现不同程度的下降。 相似文献
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2006年两次影响北京的沙尘天气对比分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用卫星、再分析(NECP)、地面观测等多种资料,针对2006年3和4月影响北京的两次沙尘天气过程,就天气过程形势、云系演变以及沙尘传播和沉降进行分析.前者对北京上空的沙尘天气一扫而过,后者对北京的影响则是遍地黄沙.对比分析表明:1)强沙尘天气过程是蒙古气旋所引起的,沙尘天气起源于中蒙边境、内蒙古西部,在河套地区北部鄂尔多斯高原以及浑善达克沙地得到加强,并随着高空西北风将沙尘输送到华北、渤海、黄海北部一带.卫星遥感监测技术不仅可以有效地监测到沙尘天气的发展演变过程,也能有效地监测到沙尘的覆盖范围和沉降区;2)导致4月16～17日华北东部严重沙尘沉降现象的原因是地面冷锋静止于华北中部地区,距地面1 km以上的浮尘层稳定覆盖华北东部和渤海等广大区域的主要原因,是边界层中尺度涡旋对低空冷锋的阻挡作用;冷锋云系在东移发展过程中,受到日本海上空涡旋云系的顶推阻碍,其结构发生变型瓦解. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献