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1.
本文利用观测和再分析资料,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition, SVD)分析,发现北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)是显著影响中国夏季降水年际异常的前冬中高纬大气环流变异的主模态。AO在冬季发展成熟,在春季衰亡,在夏季发生位相反转。AO会导致华北、东北、长江中下游和华南夏季降水异常呈现三极型分布。伴随正位相的AO,在黄海至日本海上空的异常低压伴随的东北风异常引起华北和东北水汽通量异常辐散及降水减少,而西北太平洋的异常高压不仅增强其北侧的西南风水汽输送,和北部异常低压共同作用导致长江中下游水汽通量异常辐合及降水增加,而且使得华南水汽通量异常辐散,降水减少。因此,本文发现的前冬AO模态与我国夏季三极型异常降水分布的关系可为我国夏季旱涝预测提供一个重要的中高纬前期因子。 相似文献
2.
利用NCEP／NCAR1957-2001年45a逐日的再分析资料，从地面开始积分计算整层的水汽输送通量，减去平均场的水汽的输送量，从而得到扰动水汽输送量，初步讨论了我国江淮地区水汽输送场的季节变化特征，并分析了我国江淮梅雨期旱、涝年平均场水汽输送与扰动场水汽输送的差异。分析发现：扰动场水汽输送与平均场水汽输送差别较大，源自孟加拉湾的平均水汽输送对我国东部地区的降水影响较大，但该地区的扰动水汽输送却主要是影响印度北部地区。而影响我国江淮地区的扰动场水汽输送主要来自于南海地区。源自西太平洋和我国北方的偏强的水汽输送是造成江淮梅雨期降水偏多的主要因子，扰动场水汽输送在我国江淮地区梅雨期降水异常时期与平均场水汽输送基本呈反方向输送，其差值散度场与平均场水汽输送差值散度则为反位相分布，因此说扰动场的水汽输送对平均场的水汽输送起削弱作用。 相似文献
3.
4.
基于1948—2012年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,采用9 a滑动平均、EOF分析及合成分析方法,研究了我国东部夏季水汽输送的年代际变化特征。结果表明:6—8月水汽输送由强转弱发生在1975年前后,水汽输送异常显著区域主要位于东部地区;6月南海到我国东部地区的水汽输送存在年代际变化,7月孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋(8月印度洋、南海和西太平洋)到我国东部的水汽输送同样存在年代际变化;6—8月年代际变化前后水汽输送矢量分布与相应月份水汽输送通量年代际特征向量场的空间分布基本一致;显著的水汽通量散度辐合区位于华中以西经华北到东北地区,长江以北水汽辐合(辐散)异常显著区域由风场的辐合(辐散)异常和水汽平流异常共同造成,长江以南地区水汽辐合(辐散)异常显著区域主要由风场的辐合(辐散)异常造成。 相似文献
5.
我国南方冬季气候变暖前后极端降水事件分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用我国南方逐日降水资料及逐月温度资料,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验方法,并计算极端降水的GPD(Generalized Pareto Distribution)重现值,讨论了气候变暖前后我国南方冬季极端降水事件的变化。结果表明,我国南方冬季气候变暖的突变发生在1991年前后,且气候变暖后我国南方冬季的极端降水强度普遍有所增加。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进一步分析气候变暖前后的环流场特征,发现东亚热带冬季风异常与我国华南、江南地区降水异常有显著的相关关系。东亚热带冬季风偏强(弱),华南、江南地区降水偏少(多)。气候变暖后中高纬度环流经向度加大,有利于北方的冷空气向南输送。此外,气候变暖后我国南方地面气温升高,海陆热力差异减小,东亚热带冬季风减弱,有利于西太平洋的暖湿气流向我国大陆东南部输送,并在东南部形成异常的水汽通量辐合,有利于形成强降水。气候变暖后,中高纬度与中低纬度异常环流系统的相互作用是我国东南部降水强度增加的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
东亚下垫面热力异常与南海夏季风爆发早晚和强弱的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用我国南方逐日降水资料及逐月温度资料,采用Mann-Kendall 突变检验方法,并计算极端降水的GPD(Generalized Pareto Distribution)重现值,讨论了气候变暖前后我国南方冬季极端降水事件的变化。结果表明,我国南方冬季气候变暖的突变发生在1991年前后,且气候变暖后我国南方冬季的极端降水强度普遍有所增加。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进一步分析气候变暖前后的环流场特征,发现东亚热带冬季风异常与我国华南、江南地区降水异常有显著的相关关系。东亚热带冬季风偏强(弱),华南、江南地区降水偏少(多)。气候变暖后中高纬度环流经向度加大,有利于北方的冷空气向南输送。此外, 气候变暖后我国南方地面气温升高,海陆热力差异减小,东亚热带冬季风减弱,有利于西太平洋的暖湿气流向我国大陆东南部输送,并在东南部形成异常的水汽通量辐合,有利于形成强降水。气候变暖后,中高纬度与中低纬度异常环流系统的相互作用是我国东南部降水强度增加的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
本文利用CCOPE实验中的地面雷达资料和中尺度观测网资料,对6个对流降水过程的地面热力和动力场的分布和演变作了分析,並与非降水日作了比较。分析表明,对流风暴的形成以合适配置的地面热力和动力场为条件,风暴的发展、降水的出现又反过来影响地面场。面积积分的地面水汽通量辐合与地面降水强度存在密切的关系。降水出现前,地面水汽通量辐合迅速增加。面积降水强度最大值落后于最大水汽通量辐合18—91分钟。面积降水的强弱与水汽通量辐合的大小、增长时段以及降水与水汽通量辐合之间的位相差有关。文中还对分析、计算中的有关误差问题作了简略讨论。 相似文献
8.
利用1979—2012年中国753站地面气象观测站4—9月降水日资料和NCEP/DOE高度场、风场,温度场再分析Ⅱ格点日资料,基于实时多变量MJO指数研究MJO对于广西汛期(4—9月)降水的影响。根据MJO的8个不同位相使用逐日资料进行合成分析,结果表明:MJO对于广西汛期降水有显著影响。当MJO活跃中心位于西印度洋时,副高加强西伸,广西低层西南风增强,大量来自南海和孟加拉湾的水汽在广西上空辐合,广西汛期降水增强;当MJO活跃中心东移靠近西太平洋时,副高减弱东退,偏南暖湿气流向广西输送的水汽减少,其辐合减弱,广西汛期降水减少。 相似文献
9.
利用山东省气象站的降水量资料和JRA-55、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了1962-2016年山东夏季整层大气可降水量、降水转化率、水汽通量及输送路径的分布特征和变化规律,探讨了夏季降水与水汽通量及其散度的相关性和多雨年的水汽来源。结果表明:从常年值来看,山东平均夏季降水量为401.2 mm,大气可降水量为3478.8 mm,降水转化率为11.5%。降水转化率和降水量的时空演变特征更加一致,经向水汽输送和局地水汽通量散度与地面有效降水的关系更加密切,当大气可降水量充沛、外部水汽输送充足并出现局地水汽辐合时,更加有利于山东南部地区降水的发生发展,从而形成夏季降水量和降水转化率气候特征表现出东南地区大于西北地区的空间分布型态。西北太平洋、南海、孟加拉湾和鄂霍茨克海至日本海是造成山东夏季降水异常偏多的重要水汽源地,巴尔喀什湖至贝加尔湖地区是重要的冷空气输送区域;当山东上游盛行偏西风时,自新疆和青藏高原至内蒙古的狭长带出现异常水汽扰动并发展,是由水汽异常引起的水汽通量异常对山东局地降水异常贡献的主要条件。 相似文献
10.
使用1960—2009年中国610个气象站逐日降水和气温资料及NCEP再分析资料,采用奇异值分解方法研究了近50年中国夏季平均气温与极端降水事件频数的关系,并对比分析了两者变化相应的大气环流差异。结果表明,我国的西北和长江以南地区极端降水事件频数与气温呈正相关关系,而东北—西南走向一带为负相关关系。夏季气温和极端降水事件均在1992年左右发生突变。突变前850hPa风场存在一个中心位于内蒙古的异常大陆气旋环流,而突变后变为异常大陆反气旋环流,这个异常气旋(反气旋)会增强(削弱)冷空气南侵入我国,从而导致我国气温突变后高于突变前。突变前,西部和长江以南地区分别为异常西风水汽输送和异常西南水汽输送,水汽均为异常辐散,极端降水事件偏少;东北—西南一带为异常西南水汽输送,水汽异常辐合,极端降水事件偏多;突变后,反之。 相似文献
11.
根据NCEP／NCAR提供的1968--1996年全球逐月、2008年1月全球逐日再分析资料以及中国气象局提供的降水资料,分析了2008年1月中国南部持续低温雨雪冰冻天气期间东亚地区中低空大气环流异常特征。结果表明,乌拉尔山阻塞高压和地面蒙古冷高压是这次灾害性天气重要的冷空气源地;700hPa异常偏强的低空西南风急流以及低空急流大风速中心随时间沿急流轴的传播为此次低温雨雪冰冻天气提供了充足的动量、热量和水汽;850hPa流场西太平洋上空异常东南风、印度洋上空异常西南风以及850hPa垂直速度场中国南部大陆异常上升气流,在很大程度上影响着2008年1月中国南部的天气;赤道辐合带、西太平洋副热带高压以及南支槽的异常,致使东亚上空不仅存在异常的南支槽前西风带水汽输送和西太平洋副热带高压西南侧东风带水汽输送,还存在异常的由印度洋经孟加拉湾向中国南方大陆的水汽输送。 相似文献
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The Impacts of Moisture Transport of East Asian Monsoon on Summer Precipitation in Northeast China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
By using the ECMWF reanalysis daily data and daily precipitation data of 80 stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2002, the impacts of moisture transport of East Asian summer monsoon on the summer precipitation anomaly in Northeast China, and the relationship between the variation of moisture budget and the establishment of East Asian summer monsoon in this region are studied. The results demonstrate that the moisture of summer precipitation in Northeast China mainly originates from subtropical, South China Sea, and South Asia monsoon areas. East China and its near coastal area are the convergent region of the monsoonal moisture currents and the transfer station for the currents continually moving northward. The monsoonal moisture transport, as an important link or bridge, connects the interaction between middle and low latitude systems. In summer half year, there is a moisture sink in Northeast China where the moisture influx is greater than outflux. The advance transport and accumulation of moisture are of special importance to pentad time scale summer precipitation. The onset, retreat, and intensity change of the monsoonal rainy season over Northeast China are mainly signified by the moisture input condition along the southern border of this area. The establishment of East Asian summer monsoon in this area ranges from about 10 July to 20 August and the onset in the west is earlier than that in the east. The latitude that the monsoon can reach is gradually northward from west to east, reaching 50°N within longitude 120°-135°E. In summer, the difference of air mass transport between summers with high and low rainfall mainly lies in whether more air masses originating from lower latitudes move northward through East China and its coastal areas, consequently transporting large amounts of hot and humid air into Northeast China. 相似文献
13.
用1958-2004年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了中国南方春季大尺度大气水汽汇的时空变化特征。结果表明：华南中东部、广西北部-湖南西部-贵州东部地区是中国南方春季水汽汇的两个主要变异中心区。华南中东部春季水汽汇具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,并以年代际方差占优;广西北部-湖南西部-贵州东部地区春季水汽汇以年际变化为主。华南中东部以及广西北部-湖南西部-贵州东部地区水汽汇的强度异常与东亚上空水汽输送异常导致上述地区垂直积分的水汽通量辐合的异常密切相关,当中国南方上空有西南（东北）风水汽通量距平,即西南风水汽输送增强（减弱）时,则上述地区上空的水汽汇偏强（偏弱）。 相似文献
14.
The characteristics of moisture transport and budget of widespread heavy
rain and local heavy rain events in Northeast China are studied using the
NCEP--NCAR reanalysis 6-hourly and daily data and daily precipitation data
of 200 stations in Northeast China from 1961--2005. The results demonstrate
that during periods with widespread heavy rain in Northeast China, the Asian
monsoon is very active and the monsoonal northward moisture transport is
strengthened significantly. The widespread heavy rainfall obtains enhanced
water vapor supply from large regions where the water vapor mainly
originates from the Asian monsoon areas, which include the East Asian
subtropical monsoon area, the South China Sea, and the southeast
and southwest tropical monsoon regions. There are several branches of
monsoonal moisture current converging on East China and its coastal areas,
where they are strengthened and then continue northward into Northeast
China. Thus, the enhanced northward monsoonal moisture transport is the key
to the widespread heavy rain in Northeast China. In contrast, local heavy
rainfall in Northeast China derives water vapor from limited areas,
transported by the westerlies. Local evaporation also plays an important
role in the water vapor supply and local recycling process of moisture. In
short, the widespread heavy rains of Northeast China are mainly caused by
water vapor advection brought by the Asian monsoon, whereas local heavy
rainfall is mainly caused by the convergence of the westerly wind field. 相似文献
15.
Based on daily NCEP reanalysis data, OLR and satellite rainfall data, the characteristic of the
activities of South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) in 2004 were analyzed. The results showed that the
establishment of SCSSM was little later than normal and the intensity was stronger than normal. Influenced by
the location of the northwest Pacific subtropical high, which was much northward and westward than normal,
SCSSM was active mainly in the South China Sea areas. There existed obvious intraseasonal oscillation and two
significant periods of SCSSM, one was about 20-30 days and the other about 40-50 days. The transportation of
moisture was concentrated on the South China Sea and the northwest Pacific regions, reducing the northward
transportation and resulting in drought in southern China 相似文献
16.
土壤湿度是影响天气和气候非常重要的因子之一,但目前针对土壤湿度可预报性的研究报道相对较少。该文在对BCC_CSM模式进行了适合的陆面初始化的条件下,设计了两组在中国东部地区采用不同土壤湿度初值的回报试验研究该地区土壤湿度的可预报性及初值对其可预报性影响问题。试验结果表明:BCC_CSM模式在真实的外场强迫下可以模拟出相对合理的土壤湿度;土壤湿度的可预报性在表层约为3候,随着深度的增加,土壤湿度的可预报性持续时间增加,在中层预报性甚至能达到月尺度以上;初值对于土壤湿度的预报存在影响,在表层影响时间约为2~3候,影响时间随着深度增加;浅层土壤湿度受降水的影响较大,浅层土壤湿度变化滞后降水变化约1~2 d,中层土壤湿度变化与降水变化存在5 d左右的滞后关系。 相似文献
17.
The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly 
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下载免费PDF全文 With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather. 相似文献
18.
Role of the subtropical westerly jet waveguide in a southern China heavy rainstorm in December 2013 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
An extreme rainstorm hit southern China during 13–17 December 2013, with a record-breaking daily rainfall rate, large spatial extent, and unusually long persistence. We examined what induced this heavy rainfall process, based on observed rainfall data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data through composite and diagnostic methods. The results showed that a Rossby waveguide within the subtropical westerly jet caused the event. The Rossby wave originated from strong cold air intrusion into the subtropical westerly jet over the eastern Mediterranean. With the enhancement and northward shift of the Middle East westerly jet, the Rossby wave propagated slowly eastward and deepened the India–Burma trough, which transported a large amount of moisture from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea to southern China. Strong divergence in the upper troposphere, caused by the enhancement of the East Asian westerly jet, also favored the heavy rainfall process over Southeast China. In addition, the Rossby wave was associated with a negative-to-positive phase shift and enhancement of the North Atlantic Oscillation, but convergence in the eastern Mediterranean played the key role in the eastward propagation of the Rossby wave within the subtropical westerly jet. 相似文献
19.
东亚地区水汽输送强、弱年水汽输送的异同 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用1950-2002年NCAR/NCEP再分析逐日平均资料,计算全球格点整层水汽输送通量,分析东亚地区水汽输送强、弱年候平均水汽输送的异同点.水汽输送强、弱年都存在一条行星尺度水汽输送带,但是又有显著的差异:(1)南半球越赤道、阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾的水汽输出量不同.(2)副热带高压外围水汽的强度和影响范围不同.(3)中纬度向内蒙古中部和东北地区输送水汽的偏西风水汽输送带在水汽输送强年明显、弱年不明显.(4)在水汽输送强年中国云贵高原-长江中游-华北-东北南部有一条明显的水汽输送大值带,中国中、东部均有水汽输送,只是中国东南部和长江中下游地区水汽输送相对较少;在水汽输送弱年仅中同南方、东部沿海和东北地区南部有弱的水汽输送.(5)水汽输送强年的变化较为平缓,而水汽输送弱年则比较迅速.东哑地区偏南风水汽输送在水汽输送强、弱年的相同特征是:特征线南撤的速度非常快,在20°一30°N附近有东南风水汽输送加入,并取代西南风水汽输送;不同之处是,水汽输送强年建立的时间早、能够到达更北的纬度、强盛期长、撤退的时间迟.副热带高压南侧东南风水汽输送在水汽输送强、弱年的共同点是,西界均为95°E,由建立到强盛的速度郁非常快,在强盛期突然就东撤到130°E以东的区域;不同点是,在160°E处东南风水汽输送建证的时间不同,强盛期不同,纠达西界的时间不同,印度季风槽在95°E以西形成的东南风水汽输送持续时间和影响范围不同,西扩和东撤的速度不同. 相似文献