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1.
夏季区域西风指数对中国西北地区水汽场特征影响的对比分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
利用1970—1997年NCEP／NCAR冉分析月平均资料,设计了区域西风指数。通过分析西北地区夏季的水汽输送通量散度,发现该地区水汽平流引起的水汽输送通量散度项年际变化极小,而风场辐合(辐散)引起的水汽输送通量散度项年际变化却很大,在西北地区区域西风指数较强年份风场辐合比区域西风指数较弱年份强。由此可知．两风年际变化对西北地区的风场辐合(辐散)的影响是我国西北地区水汽场年际变化的主要原因。中国西北地区;区域西风指数;水汽输送通量散度;降水 相似文献
2.
春季中国南方雨带年际变动与大气环流异常 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1960—2008年中国693个站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR日平均再分析资料,采用统计分析方法,分析了中国南方春季降水强度和位置的年际变率及其与大气环流的关系。结果表明:在年代际尺度上,江南春季降水在20世纪60年代中、后期偏少,70年代中期到80年代初偏多,90年代初开始减少;在年际尺度上,当春季西太平洋副热带高压和青藏高原东侧的低层低压系统加强,并且异常中心分别位于20°N以南和30°N以南时,异常西南风主要位于长江以南地区,在异常西南风逐渐减弱区出现明显的辐合,伴随着该地区低层空气质量辐合、对流层上升运动和水汽辐合加强,造成江南地区降水偏多,此时来自西太平洋的异常水汽到达南海后,没有在南海聚集,而是转向北输送到江南;当春季西太平洋副热带高压以及青藏高原东侧低压系统加强且异常中心位于30°N以北时,异常西南风盛行在中国东部大部分地区,此时低层异常空气质量辐合、对流层异常上升运动以及异常水汽通量辐合区都向北移到江淮地区,使江淮地区降水增加,而华南地区为异常空气质量辐散、异常下沉运动以及异常水汽通量辐散,伴随着降水减少,这时异常水汽主要来自西太平洋副热带地区。由于上述观测结果与通过改变东亚和周边海域海-陆热力差异的数值试验结果有很好的一致性,因此,这里观测到的降水和大气环流异常可以被东亚区域热力差异异常激发出来。 相似文献
3.
采用1983—2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国660站降水资料,对我国东部季风湿润区夏季水汽收支变化与大气环流和我国降水异常特征的关系进行研究。结果表明:20世纪80—90年代夏季水汽收支时间序列表现出明显的年代际变化增加趋势,与降水时间序列的相关系数为0.71;水汽收支高值、低值年代不仅能够指示季风湿润区经向风的异常变化,还能够指示东亚夏季风的强弱和降水异常变化。合成的水汽输送年代际异常在东亚—西太平洋区表现为4个异常环流,异常水汽通量辐合区位于长江流域及以南地区。水汽收支高值年代,亚洲大陆高纬度地区低压偏弱,大陆表面温度及西太平洋海温偏高,我国东部沿海盛行异常偏南风,低层气流辐合、高层气流辐散强,垂直上升运动强烈;低值年代则相反。合成的经向水汽收支占总收支的71.3%,合成的异常降水量最大达100 mm以上。 相似文献
4.
我国东、西部夏季水汽输送特征及其差异 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
本文利用ERA-40再分析每日资料分析了我国东部季风区与西北干旱—半干旱区夏季1971～2000年气候平均的水汽输送特征及其差异, 分析结果表明我国东部季风区与西北干旱—半干旱区夏季气候平均的水汽输送特征有明显的差异。由于亚洲夏季风从孟加拉湾、 南海和热带西太平洋输送大量水汽到我国东部季风区, 故在东部季风区夏季经向水汽输送通量比纬向水汽输送通量大。而西北干旱—半干旱区受中纬度西风带的影响, 夏季纬向水汽输送通量比经向水汽输送通量大, 且此区域夏季无论纬向或者经向水汽输送通量均比东部季风区的水汽输送通量小一量级。并且, 分析结果还表明: 我国东部季风区由于湿度大, 故夏季水汽输送通量的散度不仅依赖于湿度平流, 而且依赖于风场的辐合、 辐散, 而西北干旱—半干旱区夏季水汽输送通量的散度主要依赖于湿度平流。此外, 分析结果还表明了我国东部季风区的水分平衡与西北干旱—半干旱区的水分平衡也有明显的不同。 相似文献
5.
基于1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月风场和水汽通量资料及GPCP逐月降水率资料,采用相关分析及合成分析等方法研究了夏季南海低空越赤道气流的变化特征及其与亚澳季风区降水异常的联系。结果表明:1)夏季南海低空越赤道气流强度的年际变化特征明显,具有3~4 a的周期。2)夏季南海低空越赤道气流强度变化与热带东印度洋和海洋性大陆区域降水异常具有显著的负相关关系、与热带西太平洋降水异常存在明显的正相关关系、与我国中部地区降水异常存在较好的负相关关系。3)当夏季南海低空越赤道气流强度偏强时,850 hPa上自阿拉伯海向东一直延伸到热带西太平洋为西风异常,这种环流形势有利于热带西太平洋出现水汽辐合,使得该区域降水出现明显偏多,同时热带东印度洋低层为东风异常,受其影响,热带东印度洋和海洋性大陆区域出现水汽辐散,使得该区域降水偏少;此外,在我国东南沿海为一个气旋式风场异常,不利于来自热带海洋的水汽输送到达我国中部地区,使得该地区降水偏少;反之亦然。4)当夏季南海低空越赤道气流偏强时,东亚地区局地Hadley环流表现为异常偏弱,低空偏南越赤道气流异常在20°N附近与来自北半球的冷空气交汇上升,赤道附近及30~40°N地区出现异常下沉运动,使得热带海洋性大陆区域和我国中部地区降水减少;反之亦然。 相似文献
6.
水汽输送与江南南部初夏雨季及降水变化的联系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
基于1961—2010年美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)的逐日再分析格点资料,分析了初夏水汽输送的分布和演变过程及其与中国江南南部初夏雨季的关系。结果显示,初夏水汽输送总体上随夏季风前沿自南向北加强,有3次水汽通量突然增大的涌先后从中国南海北传到25°N及其以南、25°—30°N、30°N及其以北地区,水汽涌和相应峰的发生时间分别对应华南前汛期、江南南部初夏雨季、长江流域梅雨的开始和结束时间。江南南部在初夏雨季处在水汽通量高值区的北缘、水汽辐合区内。青藏高原南侧水汽辐散区是影响江南南部初夏雨季的直接水汽源,澳大利亚北部到印度洋和阿拉伯海南部地区的大面积水汽辐散区则是间接水汽源。经向水汽输送演变对雨季起(讫)具有标志性意义,纬向水汽输送也不容忽视。雨季开始(结束)时江南南部地区的南界(北界)中低层水汽流入(流出)显著增大,但北界(南界)水汽通量并未同步发生显著变化;雨季期间的纬向水汽输送明显增强,水汽通量大于经向水汽输送。雨季强、弱具有年代际变化,且与纬向水汽流入的相关比经向水汽流入的相关更显著。影响江南南部初夏雨季的水汽输送路径主要有两条,北支是从孟加拉湾北部经缅甸和云南、贵州的水汽输送,南支是经孟加拉湾、中南半岛、中国南海与西太平洋副热带高压西侧水汽汇合的水汽输送。强雨季年孟加拉湾北部的东北向水汽输送和中国南海的北向水汽输送都增强,弱雨季年则相反。孟加拉湾、中国南海南部和西太平洋暖池区是显著的水汽辐合区,是江南南部初夏雨季的水汽输送通道而不是水汽源,水汽辐合越弱(强)越有利于(不利于)江南南部初夏雨季的降水,其影响机制可能在于通道上的对流活动对江南南部初夏雨季水汽输送具有拦截作用。 相似文献
7.
近45a华南夏季降水时空演变特征 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
利用华南区域65个气象站点1960～2004年的观测数据,采用经验正交函数分解法(EOF)分析了华南夏季降水的时空变化.结果表明:华南中部和西北部是华南夏季降水的两个主要气候变异中心区,华南中部夏季降水具有年代际变化为主的特征,华南西北部夏季降水则具有年际变化为主的特征.华南中部夏季降水的强弱异常变化,与华南上空水汽输送异常而导致该地区垂直积分水汽通量辐合异常密切相关.即华南中部夏季降水强年,该区域上空为明显的水汽通量距平辐合,降水弱年则为水汽通量距平辐散或弱的水汽通量距平辐合.为华南区域夏季降水的气候预测提供一定的参考依据. 相似文献
8.
山西春季典型干湿年份水汽输送特征差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用山两62个气象站1961—2008年春季降水资料,同期NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,用合成分析等方法探讨了山西春季典型干湿年份水汽输送特征差异。研究发现：春季典型干旱年,青藏高原南侧副热带偏西风及其在进入我国东部长江以南地区转向的西南风水汽输送减弱,高原北侧西风带水汽输送亦减弱,而西太平洋副高北侧西风水汽输送显著加强,西侧偏南风水汽输送减弱,使江南西南风向华北的水汽输送显著减少,山西偏北风水汽输送加大出现春旱;同时我国东部长江流域及向北到黄河流域、我国东部沿海水汽通量辐散加强,而华南及沿海水汽通量辐合加强;春季典型湿润年则相反。春季典型干旱年山西西风水汽通量减少和北风水汽通量增加量级相当,典型湿润年山西南风水汽通量增加明显大于西风水汽通量的增加。 相似文献
9.
利用1961—2018年中国地面气象台站2 400站中广东省和广西壮族自治区(两广地区)134站逐日降水资料、英国Hadley中心逐月海表温度资料、NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,筛选了两广地区前汛期降水正(负)异常、后汛期降水负(正)异常的年份,即前、后汛期降水异常反位相年份。结果表明,近60 a来,两广地区前、后汛期降水反位相现象与热带西太平洋海温异常存在密切联系。前汛期期间,当热带西太平洋海温为负异常时,大气对该冷源的Rossby波响应引起西北太平洋反气旋环流异常,且水汽由热带西太平洋向两广地区输送并辐合,同时两广地区为水汽的湿平流区域、风场异常辐合区域,其上空受异常上升运动控制,这样的环流配置有利于两广前汛期期间降水正异常。热带西太平洋海温负异常可持续至后汛期期间,大气的Rossby波响应所致的西太平洋反气旋较前汛期偏西北,两广地区为水汽异常辐散区域,同时水汽干平流且风场异常辐散,受异常下沉运动控制,不利于两广地区降水的产生。反之亦然。 相似文献
10.
“0801南方雪灾”水汽通量与降水关系的SVD分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2008年1月10日—2月2日的NCEP/NCAR逐日风场、比湿、地面气压资料以及中国地面国际交换站194站的逐日降水资料,分析我国“0801南方雪灾”期间水汽通量场的特征,结果表明我国南方是整层水汽通量及其散度的高值区。用奇异值分解（SVD）方法,分析了水汽输送通量异常场和降水异常场之间的关系,揭示出两对统计显著且天气意义清晰的耦合模态。其中,第一对模态的方差贡献率为81.50%,相应左、右奇异向量时间系数的相关系数为0.80,主要描述源自孟加拉湾及南海的西南风水汽输送异常增强并在我国川、滇、黔交界处及粤、闽、赣一带辐合时,长江以南大部分地区多雨;第二对模态方差贡献率为8.80%,相关系数为0.64,主要描述当中国大陆东部有源自西太平洋的水汽输送异常增强并在广西-浙江沿线区域辐合时,长江中下游流域多雨,但华南三省（广西、广东和福建）少雨。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献