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我国西南地区一次暴雨过程特征及成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料和高空风等各种天气学资料,对2009年6月8—9日广西、贵州、以及和湖南交界地带的一次暴雨过程进行了综合分析。结果表明,暴雨是由中尺度对流复合体东移、β中尺度强对流云团发展、以及二者合并造成的;地面α中尺度低压带配合α中尺度纬向切变线的生成,为中尺度对流复合体（mesoscale convective complex,MCC）的东移发展、β中尺度强对流云团的发展、以及二者的合并创造了有利条件;地面能量比低值舌的活动是MCC和β中尺度强对流云团生成和发展的触发机制之一;在多普勒雷达径向速度图上,MCC的生成和发展,伴随西南低空急流的建立和维持,大范围的逆风区的生成;MCC的消亡,伴随西南低空急流的减弱和消失,对应西北气流建立和东扩。MCC发展期和β中尺度强对流云团发展期、MCC消散期和β中尺度强对流云团消散期的涡度收支以及视热源和视水汽汇有很大的不同。 相似文献
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“0811”暴雨过程中MCC与一般暴雨云团的对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用T639 1°×1°分析场、FY-2红外云图、红外辐射亮温(TBB)、闪电定位和气柱水汽总量等资料,对2010年8月11日发生在山西南部暴雨过程(即"0811"暴雨过程)中的中尺度对流复合体(MCC)和其北部的一般暴雨云团进行了对比分析,结果表明,(1)山西北部暴雨带主要由6个β中尺度对流云团生成、发展及合并造成;山西南部区域性暴雨则由MCC的生成、发展、东移所引发。(2)山西北部的暴雨云团在850hPa暖切变线南部生成和发展,并在地面切变线附近合并;山西南部的MCC由3个β中尺度对流云团发生、发展及合并形成,该对流云团在700hPa次天气尺度切变线上触发生成;MCC发展、成熟阶段,α中尺度云团沿925hPa暖切变线东移;减弱阶段,随西太平洋副热带高压的南退而南压。(3)在西太平洋副热带高压西进北抬的背景下,同一次暴雨过程中,MCC发生在5 880gpm边缘弱的斜压环境中,高层则出现在高压北侧的反气旋环流中;一般暴雨云团发生在5 840gpm边缘较强的斜压环境中,高层则出现在急流入口区的右侧。(4)MCC作为大型的中尺度对流系统,不但对低层高温高湿能量的需求比一般暴雨云团更多,而且在垂直方向上,要求湿层、高能舌及暖温结构更深厚。(5)山西南部MCC影响区和5 880gpm线边缘为负地闪覆盖区,正地闪主要出现在其北部一般暴雨云团影响区和5 840gpm线附近。与MCC相比,一般暴雨云团影响下,局地闪电开始及闪电峰值的出现较降水的开始及降水峰值的出现有更多的提前量。(6)山西北部暴雨云团出现在气柱水汽总量梯度的大值区及水汽锋上;山西南部MCC则出现在水汽锋南侧气柱水汽总量的大值区。气柱水汽总量对"0811"暴雨过程有36h的提前量,对暴雨的落区有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、地面加密观测、卫星云图以及tBB等资料,对比分析2007年8月8—9日中尺度对流复合体（MCC）与2006年6月2—3日一般暴雨云团之间发生发展环境场的差异。结果表明：暴雨云团发生在对流层低层切变线中,高层急流人口区的右侧;MCC的发生,低层除了有中尺度低涡外,还有台风的影响。MCC对高温高湿能量的需求比中尺度暴雨云团更高,要求高能舌范围更广、更深厚,对流不稳定区范围更大。MCC发生在高层南亚高压北侧的反气旋环流与低涡耦合的强烈上升运动区,中尺度暴雨云团则发生在急流人口区的右侧与低层切变线耦合产生的次级环流上升运动区。 相似文献
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该文对2002年7月4～5日发生在陕西子长县受远距离台风影响而产生的突发性暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明:子长特大暴雨是由于β-中尺度强对流云团在子长重复出现而产生的。中低纬度系统的相互作用形成了有利于中尺度强对流云团在子长生成、发展和重复出现的水汽条件、不稳定条件、动力条件和天气尺度环流背景。湿位涡诊断分析表明:当台风向西北方向行进时, (1)暴雨区对流层低层MPV1负值发展的同时伴随对流高层MPV1正值的发展, 为对流层低层不稳定能量的充分积累创造了条件;(2)暴雨区形成有利于中尺度强对流云团生成发展的湿位涡正压项、斜压项垂直结构配置;(3)850 hPa等压面上MP V2等值线密集区和MPV1=-2 PVU中尺度强对流不稳定核心区形成耦合, 耦合区对下游中尺度强对流云团发生发展指示意义明显。当台风向北偏东方向行进时, 暴雨区对流层低层和高层形成双层不稳定;850 hPaMPV2等值线密集区东移, 暴雨区MPV2正值发展, 积累的对流不稳定能量在子长形成集中猛烈释放。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2012,31(3)
利用T6391°×1°分析场、FY-2红外云图、红外辐射亮温（TBB）、闪电定位和气柱水汽总量等资料,对2010年8月11日发生在山西南部暴雨过程（即“0811”暴雨过程）中的中尺度对流复合体（MCC）和其北部的一般暴雨云团进行了对比分析,结果表明,（1）山西北部暴雨带主要由6个J8中尺度对流云团生成、发展及合并造成;山西南部区域性暴雨则由MCC的生成、发展、东移所引发。（2）山西北部的暴雨云团在850hPa暖切变线南部生成和发展,并在地面切变线附近合并;山西南部的MCC由3个β中尺度对流云团发生、发展及合并形成,该对流云团在700hPa次天气尺度切变线上触发生成;MCC发展、成熟阶段,α中尺度云团沿925hPa暖切变线东移;减弱阶段,随西太平洋副热带高压的南退而南压。（3）在西太平洋副热带高压西进北抬的背景下,同一次暴雨过程中,MCC发生在5880gpm边缘弱的斜压环境中,高层则出现在高压北侧的反气旋环流中;一般暴雨云团发生在5840gpm边缘较强的斜压环境中,高层则出现在急流人口区的右侧。（4）MCC作为大型的中尺度对流系统,不但对低层高温高湿能量的需求比一般暴雨云团更多,而且在垂直方向上,要求湿层、高能舌及暖温结构更深厚。（5）山西南部MCC影响区和5880gpm线边缘为负地闪覆盖区,正地闪主要出现在其北部一般暴雨云团影响区和5840gpm线附近。与MCC相比,一般暴雨云团影响下,局地闪电开始及闪电峰值的出现较降水的开始及降水峰值的出现有更多的提前量。（6）山西北部暴雨云团出现在气柱水汽总量梯度的大值区及水汽锋上;山西南部MCC则出现在水汽锋南侧气柱水汽总量的大值区。气柱水汽总量对“0811”暴雨过程有36h的提前量,对暴雨的落区有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2015,(4)
该文利用静止气象卫星云图资料,结合常规资料和地面加密站资料,对导致望谟县3次洪灾的暴雨天气在云图上反映的信息进行详细分析。主要解释红外云图上弧状云线触发的初始对流,暴雨云团的演变特征,TBB与暴雨分布的关系以及暴雨云团发生时水汽图像和云导风的动力特征。3次致洪暴雨中2次是由发展成MCC的暴雨云团产生,1次由MβCC产生。云图可清楚的看到弧状云线触发对流的过程。弧状云线在不稳定区域激发对流,弧状云线由前1 d的MCS的外流边界产生;云团合并是暴雨云团强烈发展的一个重要标志,在发展成MCC或MβCC之前,都有云团合并的过程;最大降雨强度通常出现在TBB低温面积达到最大之前或达到最大时;大气的下沉运动和强上升气流在水汽图上清晰可见,降雨强度最大时上层的辐散风很强。 相似文献
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分析结果表明：①山西北部的暴雨云团在850hPa暖切变线南部生成、发展,并在地面切变线附近合并;山西南部的MCC由3个B中尺度对流云团发生、发展、合并形成,β中尺度对流云团在700hPa次天气尺度切变线上触发生成;MCC发展、成熟阶段,α中尺度云团沿925hPa暖切变线东移;减弱阶段,随副高的南压而南压。②副高西进北抬背景下,同一次暴雨过程中,MCC发生在5880gpm边缘弱的斜压环境里,高层则出现在高压北侧的反气旋环流中;一般暴雨云团发生在5840gpm边缘较强的斜压环境里,高层则出现在急流人口区的右侧。③MCC作为大型的中尺度对流系统,不但对低层高温高湿能量的需求比一般暴雨云团更多,而且在垂直方向上,要求湿层、高能舌、暖温结构更深厚。④南部MCC影响区及5880gpm线边缘为负地闪覆盖区,正地闪主要出现在北部一般暴雨云团影响区及5840gpm线附近。一般暴雨云团影响下比MCC影响下,局地闪电开始及闪电峰值的出现较降水的开始及降水峰值的出现有更多的提前量。⑤山西北部暴雨云团出现在气柱水汽总量梯度的大值区及水汽锋上;山西南部MCC则出现在水汽锋的南侧气柱水汽总量的大值区。气柱水汽总量对0811暴雨过程有36h的提前量,对暴雨的落区有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
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东北地区一次短时大暴雨β中尺度对流系统分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
为了探寻东北短历时暴雨的预报线索,利用自动站、卫星和常规气象观测资料相结合的方法,研究2006年8月10日最大1 h雨量达到90.8 mm(泰来,其中,后半小时降水82 mm)的东北中西部百年一遇短历时特大暴雨中尺度对流系统(MCS)发展过程,及其发生的天气尺度背景和中尺度环境与触发机制.通过红外卫星云图和高分辨率的可见光云图,分析MCS如何从一个γ中尺度发展为α中尺度对流复合体(MCC)的过程.分析表明,与6个市(县)半小时雨量超过33 mm相关联的MβCS分别发生在2个阶段,第1阶段在MCC形成之前,MβCS主要向东移动(最后合并成MCC),第2阶段,在MCC成熟阶段.MpCS出现在MCC的西南边缘,而且最强短历时暴雨就发生在这里.从分辨率更高的可见光云图上可以发现,有北、西两条积云线,它们交汇的地方MβCS强烈发展并产生暴雨.分析MCS加强和产生暴雨的原因表明:(1)暴雨发生前夕暴雨区域具有高温、高湿和对流性不稳定层结,并存在明显的对流有效位能增加、抬升凝结高度及自由对流高度降低的现象,有利于暴雨发生;(2)β中尺度云团之间的合并,使MCS迅速发展,产生暴雨;(3)北、西两条积云线分别与地面风场中的两条辐合线相对应,在它们交汇处的较强辐合导致β中尺度云团强烈发展产生暴雨.分析MCS在MCC西南方向传播的原因表明,两条辐合线的移动方向和速度决定了暴雨MCS的传播方向.另外,偏北气流的出现和新老云团的新陈代谢过程是触发暴雨的关键因素.上述分析结果也为短历时暴雨的预报提供了有用的线索. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献