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1.
时间扩展取样集合卡尔曼滤波同化模拟探空试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前,集合卡尔曼滤波同化预报循环系统主要的计算量和时间都花费在样本成员的预报上,小样本数虽能减少计算量,但样本数过少,特别是当有模式误差时,又会导致滤波发散。为了提高集合卡尔曼滤波同化预报循环系统的效率并减轻滤波发散等问题,开展了基于WRF的时间扩展取样集合卡尔曼滤波同化模拟探空的试验研究,以考察其在中尺度模式中的同化效果。预报时对一组样本数为Nb的样本,不仅在分析时刻取样,同时也在分析时刻前和后每间隔Δt时间进行M次取样,即在没增加预报样本数的情况下,增加了分析样本成员数(Nb+2M×Nb),从而在保证不降低分析精度的前提下,也达到减小集合卡尔曼滤波的计算量的要求。通过一系列试验来检验时间扩展取样的时间间隔Δt及在分析时刻前和后最大取样次数M对同化结果的影响。试验结果表明,当选择合适的Δt和M时,时间扩展集合卡尔曼滤波的同化效果非常接近于样本数为(1+2M)×Nb的传统集合卡尔曼滤波效果,具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
2.
Time-expanded sampling approach for Ensemble Kalman Filter: Experiment assimilation of simulated soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation-prediction system, most of the computation time is spent on the prediction
runs of ensemble members. A limited or small ensemble size does reduce the computational cost, but an excessively small ensemble
size usually leads to filter divergence, especially when there are model errors. In order to improve the efficiency of the
EnKF data assimilation-prediction system and prevent it against filter divergence, a time-expanded sampling approach for EnKF
based on the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is used to assimilate simulated sounding data. The approach samples
a series of perturbed state vectors from N
b member prediction runs not only at the analysis time (as the conventional approach does) but also at equally separated time
levels (time interval is Δt) before and after the analysis time with M times. All the above sampled state vectors are used to construct the ensemble and compute the background covariance for the
analysis, so the ensemble size is increased from N
b to N
b+2M×N
b=(1+2M)×N
b) without increasing the number of prediction runs (it is still N
b). This reduces the computational cost. A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the impact of Δt (the time interval of time-expanded sampling) and M (the maximum sampling times) on the analysis. The results show that if Δt and M are properly selected, the time-expanded sampling approach achieves the similar effect to that from the conventional approach
with an ensemble size of (1+2M)×N
b, but the number of prediction runs is greatly reduced. 相似文献
3.
利用自主构建的基于风暴尺度的WRF-En SRF系统同化模拟多普勒雷达资料,讨论了微物理方案及其参数的不确定性对同化效果的影响。试验采用组合微物理方案以及扰动微物理方案中的参数的方法,结果表明,模式误差非常小甚至可以忽略时,使用单个微物理方案并扰动参数能够使真实风暴的主要特征在分析场中较未扰动参数得到更好地反映;存在模式误差时,使用单个微物理方案并扰动参数后,分析场中的各要素的分布较未扰动参数更加接近真实风暴,同化效果得到改进,且改进效果比模式误差非常小时更为明显;存在模式误差时,组合微物理方案并扰动参数后,分析场中对流云团的形态较未组合方案或未扰动参数更接近真实风暴,主要要素场的配置最能反映真实风暴的特征,同化效果最为理想。结果也表明,扰动参数时、参数扰动范围较小时,同化效果较优。 相似文献
4.
The present study designs experiments on the direct assimilation of
radial velocity and reflectivity data collected by an S-band Doppler weather
radar (CINRAD WSR-98D) at the Hefei Station and the reanalysis data produced by
the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction using the Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the WRF model with a three-dimensional
variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system and the WRF model with an ensemble
square root filter (EnSRF) data assimilation system. In addition, the present
study analyzes a Meiyu front heavy rainfall process that occurred in the Yangtze
-Huaihe River Basin from July 4 to July 5, 2003, through numerical simulation.
The results show the following. (1) The assimilation of the radar radial velocity
data can increase the perturbations in the low-altitude atmosphere over the heavy
rainfall region, enhance the convective activities and reduce excessive simulated
precipitation. (2) The 3DVAR assimilation method significantly adjusts the
horizontal wind field. The assimilation of the reflectivity data improves the
microphysical quantities and dynamic fields in the model. In addition, the
assimilation of the radial velocity and reflectivity data can better adjust the
wind fields and improve the intensity and location of the simulated radar echo
bands. (3) The EnSRF assimilation method can assimilate more small-scale wind
field information into the model. The assimilation of the reflectivity data alone
can relatively accurately forecast the rainfall centers. In addition, the
assimilation of the radial velocity and reflectivity data can improve the
location of the simulated radar echo bands. (4) The use of the 3DVAR and EnSRF
assimilation methods to assimilate the radar radial velocity and reflectivity
data can improve the forecast of precipitation, rain-band areal coverage and the
center location and intensity of precipitation. 相似文献
5.
EnSRF雷达资料同化在一次飑线过程中的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文利用包含复杂冰相微物理过程的WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式,针对2007年4月23日发生在我国华南地区的一次典型飑线天气过程,分别进行了确定性预报和集合预报试验,发现确定性预报能大致捕捉到飑线系统的发生发展过程,但对飑线后部的层云区模拟效果较差。集合预报能够有效地减少模式的不确定性,大部分集合成员对飑线的模拟效果优于确定性预报。进一步将集合预报得到的40个成员作为背景场,采用EnSRF（Ensemble Square Root Filter）同化多普勒天气雷达资料,并将分析得到的集合作为初始场进行集合预报,通过与未同化雷达资料的集合对比,考察了EnSRF同化多部雷达资料对飑线系统的影响。结果表明:EnSRF雷达资料同化增加了模式初始场的中小尺度信息,大部分集合成员的分析场能够较准确地再现飑线的热力场、动力场和微物理场的细致特征,并且模拟出飑线后部的层云结构。通过对EnSRF分析的集合进行模拟发现,大部分集合成员较未同化雷达资料时模拟效果有明显改善。同化后的集合预报ETS（Equitable Threat Score）评分最高,其次是未同化的集合预报,确定性预报的最低。 相似文献
6.
迭代集合平方根滤波在风暴尺度资料同化中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文根据最新的非同步(Asynchronous)算法设计了一个迭代EnSRF(iterative Ensemble Square Root Filter,简称iEnSRF)方案。在这个迭代方案中,同化时刻的背景场和一个较早时刻的背景场将被同时更新,得到两个时刻的分析场,然后预报模式从较早时刻的分析场再次进行集合预报到同化时刻,最后重复前面两个步骤,实现对同化时刻背景场的迭代分析。在一个理想风暴个例上,本文通过模拟雷达资料同化对这一方案进行了检验,对比了传统EnSRF方案和iEnSRF方案的同化效果。此外,本文还讨论了只在同化时刻一个时间层上进行迭代的情况。同化单部模拟雷达资料的试验表明iEnSRF方案能够在初始估计缺少风暴信息的情况下较好地还原风暴中垂直运动和潜热释放之间的正反馈关系,显著提高初始分析的质量并加快随后同化的收敛速度。而传统EnSRF在这一初始估计较差的情况下不能在初始分析中有效估计这一相关关系并导致其收敛速度较慢且收敛误差较大。当只涉及一个时间层时,迭代算法并不能取得比传统EnSRF更好的效果。这一结果表明重复使用观测的算法只有在涉及两个时间层时才能改进最终的分析结果。在同化两部模拟雷达资料的试验中,iEnSRF的初始分析仍然优于传统EnSRF的初始分析,并在对流层高层取得显著改进。单双雷达资料同化的试验结果对比表明,单纯增加观测数量并不能显著改进传统EnSRF对非观测变量(比如温度)的分析,而iEnSRF则能够更加充分地利用更多的观测进一步提升初始分析的效果。 相似文献
7.
WRF-EnSRF系统同化多普勒雷达资料在多类型强对流天气过程的数值试验 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用自主构建的基于风暴尺度的WRF—EnSRF（weather research and forecasting ensemble square root filter）系统同化实际多普勒雷达资料,检验该同化系统在包括飑线、超级单体风暴和多单体风暴3个不同结构类型的强对流天气过程的同化效果,并考察了初始场扰动时不同强度的位温和水汽扰动对集合离散度以及同化效果的影响。结果表明,在3个个例中该同化系统均表现出有效的同化能力,各分析结果均比较合理,径向速度和反射率因子分析的增量均方差在经过24min同化后分别下降到3～5m／s和10dBz,并维持至60min同化结束。预报场集合离散度和同化效果对热力场的扰动强度比较敏感,适当增加初始扰动时位温和水汽的扰动强度有利于提高集合离散度和改善径向速度的分析效果。 相似文献
8.
Ensemble-based Kalman filters in strongly nonlinear dynamics 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study examines the effectiveness of ensemble Kalman filters in data assimilation
with the strongly nonlinear dynamics of the Lorenz-63 model, and in particular their use in
predicting the regime transition that occurs when the model jumps from one basin of attraction
to the other. Four configurations of the ensemble-based Kalman filtering data assimilation techniques,
including the ensemble Kalman filter, ensemble adjustment Kalman filter, ensemble square root filter
and ensemble transform Kalman filter, are evaluated with their ability in predicting the regime
transition (also called phase transition) and also are compared in terms of their sensitivity to
both observational and sampling errors. The sensitivity of each ensemble-based filter to the size
of the ensemble is also examined. 相似文献
9.
An Ensemble-Based Three-Dimensional Variational Assimilation Method for Land Data Assimilation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Land surface models are often highly nonlinear with model physics that contain parameterized discontinuities. These model attributes severely limit the application of advanced variational data assimilation methods into land data assimilation. The ensemble Kalman filter （EnKF） has been widely employed for land data assimilation because of its simple conceptual formulation and relative ease of implementation. An updated ensemble-based three-dimensional variational assimilation （En3-DVar） method is proposed for land data assimilation This new method incorporates Monte Carlo sampling strategies into the 3-D variational data assimilation framework. The proper orthogonal decomposition （POD） technique is used to efficiently approximate a forecast ensemble produced by the Monte Carlo method in a 3-D space that uses a set of base vectors that span the ensemble. The data assimilation process is thus significantly simplified. Our assimilation experiments indicate that this new En3-DVar method considerably outperforms the EnKF method by increasing assimilation precision. Furthermore, computational costs for the new En3-DVar method are much lower than for the EnKF method. 相似文献
10.
Assimilation of Doppler Radar Observations with an Ensemble Square Root Filter：A Squall Line Case Study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The effectiveness of using an Ensemble Square Root Filter（EnSRF） to assimilate real Doppler radar observations on convective scale is investigated by applying the technique to a case of squall line on 12July 2005 in midwest Shandong Province using the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model.The experimental results show that：（1） The EnSRF system has the potential to initiate a squall line accurately by assimilation of real Doppler radar data.The convective-scale information has been added into the WRF model through radar data assimilation and thus the analyzed fields are improved noticeably.The model spin-up time has been shortened,and the precipitation forecast is improved accordingly.（2） Compared with the control run,the deterministic forecast initiated with the ensemble mean analysis of EnSRF produces more accurate prediction of microphysical fields.The predicted wind and thermal fields are reasonable and in accordance with the characteristics of convective storms.（3） The propagation direction of the squall line from the ensemble mean analysis is consistent with that of the observation,but the propagation speed is larger than the observed.The effective forecast period for this squall line is about 5-6 h,probably because of the nonlinear development of the convective storm. 相似文献
11.
EnSRF雷达资料同化对一次强对流天气模拟的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System)模式和具有流依赖背景误差协方差的集合均方根滤波(Ensemble Square Root Filter,简称En SRF)方法,通过同化多部多普勒雷达资料,对2013年6月23日的强对流天气过程进行了研究。首先对比同化试验和观测的组合反射率因子,检验了同化效果。通过计算均方根误差和离散度,进一步定量评估了同化结果。再对比模式变量,综合分析了En SRF雷达资料同化对模式热力、动力、湿度和微物理量等变量的影响。最后对集合平均场进行1 km的高分辨率数值模拟。结果表明:En SRF能够同化出与观测类似的对流系统,且减弱了南北部的虚假回波。径向风和反射率因子的均方根误差明显减少。En SRF雷达同化能够明显优化模式的初始场,同化试验的回波在垂直方向上范围增加,强度偏弱。在强对流区域,低层的冷池温度最多降低6 K,相对湿度最多增加30%。对流区域的雨水、冰晶和雪的混合比均有明显增加。模拟发现同化试验能够较好地模拟出对流系统的结构和位置。 相似文献
12.
This paper discusses an important issue related to filter divergence in the dimension-reduced projection,four-dimensional variational data assimilation(DRP-4-DVar) approach.Idealized experiments with the Lorenz-96 model over a period of 200 days showed that the amplitudes of the root mean square errors(RMSEs) reached the same levels as those of the state variables after approximately 100 days because of the accumulation of sampling errors following the cycle of assimilation.Strategies to reduce sampling errors are critical to ensure the quality of ensemble-based assimilation.Numerical experiments showed that localization and reducing observational errors can alleviate,but cannot completely overcome,the filter divergence in the DRP-4-DVar approach,while the method of perturbing observations and the inflation technique can efficiently eliminate the filter divergence problem. 相似文献
13.
集合方根滤波同化多普勒雷达资料在一次飑线过程中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对2005年7月12日发生在山东省中西部地区的一次飑线天气过程,采用集合方根滤波方法开展基于WRF模式的多普勒雷达资料的同化应用试验,考察了此同化系统对实际雷达资料的同化效果。主要结论如下：（1）集合方根滤波同化系统能有效同化实际雷达资料,雷达资料的加入增加了模式的中小尺度信息,使分析场得到了显著改善,有效缩短了模式起转时间,改进了对地面降水的预报。（2）利用三次同化分析后的集合平均分析场进行的确定性预报表明,与控制试验相比,同化后分析场能更准确地预报飑线系统的微物理量场,预报的流场结构符合风暴的动力特征,动力场和热力场的分布与配置也基本合理。（3）集合平均分析场对飑线系统传播方向的预报与实况一致,但预报的系统传播速度较实况快,由于对流系统的非线性发展迅速,对系统的预报时效为5—6 h。 相似文献
14.
风暴尺度天气下利用集合卡尔曼滤波模拟多普勒雷达资料同化试验I.不考虑模式误差的情形 总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3
本文在假定模式无偏差的情况下, 利用一次风暴过程的模拟多普勒雷达资料进行一系列风暴天气尺度的集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化试验, 检验集合卡尔曼滤波在风暴天气尺度资料同化方面的效果, 并验证各集合卡尔曼滤波参数对同化效果的影响。试验结果表明, 集合卡尔曼滤波能有效地应用于风暴尺度的资料同化; 40个集合成员以及6 km的局地化尺度能较好地滤除采样误差造成的虚假相关, 同时可以将观测信息传递到无观测的模式格点; 利用背景场加上空间平滑的高斯型随机扰动生成初始成员的方式较未经过平滑的方式有更好的分析效果; 背景场扰动方法能够提高样本的离散度; 只同化反射率的同化试验表明, 反射率的同化效果较明显, 也证明了集合卡尔曼滤波在非常规资料同化中的作用; 增加径向风资料同化的效果优于只进行反射率同化的结果。 相似文献
15.
在中尺度WRF-EnSRF系统中最新引入的采样误差订正局地化方法不仅考虑了回归系数偏差,而且计算量较小。该方法基于状态变量和对应观测值的相关系数的分布关系,根据离线蒙特卡洛技术制作的关于集合数和样本相关系数的查找表格确定局地化系数因子,进而订正由集合数选取有限造成的背景误差协方差被低估引起的采样误差。本文利用风暴过程的雷达观测资料做了一系列风暴尺度的资料同化理想试验,探讨了采样误差订正局地化方法在风暴尺度集合卡尔曼滤波同化中的技术特点和同化效果。结果表明:相比于经验局地化方法,采样误差订正局地化方法能够有效地改善集合同化的效果,对距离的敏感度更低,尤其在天气系统发展变化较快的阶段,新方法优势更大。并且,对不同观测变量以及在风暴发展的不同阶段使用不同的局地化方法,所得的结果都存在一定的差异,因此需要根据同化对象合理地选择局地化方法。 相似文献
16.
本文针对2009年6月5日发生在我国华东地区的一次中尺度对流过程（Mesoscale Convective System,简称MCS）,基于集合均方根滤波（Ensemble Square Root Filter,简称EnSRF）方法同化多部多普勒天气雷达资料,引入具有时空自适应理论优势的贝叶斯膨胀算法,通过与常数膨胀算法的对比,分析了两种膨胀算法对EnSRF同化效果的影响。结果表明:贝叶斯膨胀算法同化的雷达组合反射率因子在强对流中心处有所增强,改善了基于常数膨胀算法的EnSRF同化强对流系统偏弱的问题。相比常数膨胀算法,贝叶斯膨胀算法同化的冷池结构更合理,径向风和反射率因子的均方根误差均减少。进一步探讨贝叶斯膨胀算法对同化效果改善的原因,结果发现:贝叶斯膨胀参数的分布与反射率因子的均方根误差分布十分吻合,这表明贝叶斯膨胀算法可以在背景场均方根误差较大,即背景场与观测差距较大时,给出较大的膨胀参数,进而增加集合的背景场误差,使得观测权重增大,从而给出了较大的分析增量。对集合平均分析场进行了1小时的确定性预报发现,贝叶斯膨胀算法提高了预报模式对安徽与江苏交界处的强对流系统的模拟效果,回波强度更强,冷池强度和范围更大,且对于不同组合反射率因子的阀值,贝叶斯膨胀算法的评分（Equitable Threat Score,简称ETS）均高于常数膨胀算法。这表明贝叶斯膨胀算法有效地改进了基于常数膨胀算法的EnSRF同化雷达资料的效果。 相似文献
17.
针对对流尺度集合卡尔曼滤波（EnKF）雷达资料同化中雷达位置对同化的影响进行研究。为了考察强对流出现在雷达不同方位时集合卡尔曼滤波同化雷达资料的能力,以一个理想风暴为例,设计了8个均匀分布在模拟区域周围的模拟雷达进行试验。单雷达同化试验中,初期同化对雷达位置较敏感,而十几个循环后对雷达方位的敏感性降低。造成初期同化效果较差的雷达观测位于模拟区域正南和正北方向,这两部雷达与模拟区域中心的连线垂直于风暴移动方向（即环境气流的方向）。双雷达试验的结果表明,正东、正南、正西和正北方向的雷达组合观测会使同化初期误差较大,这说明并不是所有与风暴连线成90°的雷达组合都能在短时同化中得到合理的分析结果,还需要都处于模拟区域对角线上（即与环境气流成45°夹角）,同化效果才较好。短时同化后的确定性预报结果表明,较大分析误差也会导致较大预报误差。这些分析误差主要是由于同化初期不准确的集合平均场驱动出的不合理的背景误差协方差造成的。当背景场随着同化循环得到改进后,驱动出的合理的背景误差协方差使得不同位置雷达同化造成的差异逐步减小。基于上述结果,引入迭代集合均方根滤波（iEnSRF）算法,结果显示使用该算法后,雷达位置对同化效果的影响减小,同化不同位置的雷达资料均能有效降低分析和预报误差。 相似文献
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This study explores the use of the hierarchical ensemble filter to determine the localized influence of ob-servations in the Weather Research and Forecasting ensemble square root filtering (WRF-EnSRF) assimilation system. With error correlations between observations and background field state variables considered, the adaptive localization approach is applied to conduct a series of ideal storm-scale data assimilation experiments using simulated Doppler radar data. Comparisons between adaptive and empirical localization methods are made, and the feasibility of adaptive locali-zation for storm-scale ensemble Kalman filter assimilation is demonstrated. Unlike empirical localization, which relies on prior knowledge of distance between observations and background field, the hierarchical ensemble filter provides con-tinuously updating localization influence weights adaptively. The adaptive scheme improves assimilation quality during rapid storm development and enhances assimilation of reflectivity observations. The characteristics of both the observation type and the storm development stage should be considered when identifying the most appropriate localization method. Ultimately, combining empirical and adaptive methods can optimize assimilation quality. 相似文献
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基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋路径集合预报研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
构建了一个基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋集合预报系统，通过积云参数化方案和边界层参数化方案的9个不同组合，采用MM5模式进行了不同时间的短时预报。对预报结果使用“镜像法”得到18个初始成员，为同化提供初始背景集合。将人造台风作为观测场，同化后的结果作为集合预报的初值，通过不同参数组合的MM5模式进行集合预报。对2003～2004年16个台风个例的分析表明，初始成员产生方法能够对热带气旋的要素场、中心强度和位置进行合理扰动。同化结果使台风强度得到加强，结构更接近实际。基于同化的集合路径预报结果要优于未同化的集合预报。使用“镜像法”增加集合成员提高了预报准确度，路径预报误差在48小时和72小时分别低于200 km和250 km。 相似文献
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Marco Milan Dirk Schüttemeyer Theresa Bick Clemens Simmer 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,123(1-2):17-31
A sequential data assimilation approach (SAM) that incorporates elements of particle filtering with resampling (SIR, Sequential Importance Resampling) is introduced. SAM is applied to the COSMO-DE-EPS, which is an ensemble prediction system for weather forecasting on convection-permitting scales. At the convective scale and beyond, the atmosphere increasingly exhibits non-linear state space evolutions. For an ensemble-based data assimilation system, this requires both an adequate metric that quantifies the distance between the observed atmospheric state and the states simulated by the ensemble members, and a methodology to counteract filter degeneracy, i.e. the collapse of the simulated state space. We, therefore, propose a combination of resampling, which accounts for simulated state space clustering, and nudging. SAM differs from the classical SIR approach mainly in the weighting applied to the ensemble members. By keeping cluster representatives during resampling, the method maintains the potential for non-linear system state development. With three convective case studies, we demonstrate that SAM improves forecast quality compared with the control EPS (EPS without data assimilation) for the first 5–6 h of forecast. 相似文献