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1.
This study examines the performance of coupling the deterministic four-dimensional variational assimilation system (4DVAR) with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to produce a superior hybrid approach for data assimilation. The coupled assimilation scheme (E4DVAR) benefits from using the state-dependent uncertainty provided by EnKF while taking advantage of 4DVAR in preventing filter divergence: the 4DVAR analysis produces posterior maximum likelihood solutions through minimization of a cost function about which the ensemble perturbations are transformed, and the resulting ensemble analysis can be propagated forward both for the next assimilation cycle and as a basis for ensemble forecasting. The feasibility and effectiveness of this coupled approach are demonstrated in an idealized model with simulated observations. It is found that the E4DVAR is capable of outperforming both 4DVAR and the EnKF under both perfect- and imperfect-model scenarios. The performance of the coupled scheme is also less sensitive to either the ensemble size or the assimilation window length than those for standard EnKF or 4DVAR implementations.  相似文献   

2.
A regional ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation (DA) and forecast system was recently established based on the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system. The EnKF DA system was tested with continuous threehourly updated cycles followed by 18-h deterministic forecasts from every three-hourly ensemble mean analysis. Initial tests showed negative to neutral impacts of assimilating satellite radiance data due to the improper bias correction procedure. In this study, two bias correction schemes within the established EnKF DA system are investigated and the impact of assimilating additional polar-orbiting satellite radiance is also investigated. Two group experiments are conducted. The purpose of the first group is to evaluate the bias correction procedure. Two online bias correction methods based on GSI 3DVar and EnKF algorithms are used to assimilate AMSU-A radiance data. Results show that both variational and EnKF-based bias correction procedures effectively reduce the observation and background radiance differences, achieving positive impacts on forecasts. With proper bias correction, we assimilate full radiance observations including AMSU-A, AMSU-B, AIRS, HIRS3/4, and MHS in the second group. The relative percentage improvements(RPIs) for all forecast variables compared to those without radiance data assimilation are mostly positive, with the RPI of upper-air relative humidity being the largest. Additionally, precipitation forecasts on a downscaled 13-km grid from 40-km EnKF analyses are also improved by radiance assimilation for almost all forecast hours.  相似文献   

3.
集合Kalman滤波资料同化技术及研究现状   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
高拴柱 《气象》2005,31(6):3-8
针对国内集合Kalman滤波资料同化领域的研究空白,对该技术的背景、理论、优势以及存在的问题做了简要描述,对目前国际上的主要研究成果做了介绍,并给出了该方法可能的发展方向。  相似文献   

4.
The computational cost required by the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is much larger than that of some simpler assimilation schemes, such as Optimal Interpolation (OI) or three-dimension variational assimilation (3DVAR). Ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI), a crudely simplified implementation of EnKF, is sometimes used as a substitute in some oceanic applications and requires much less computational time than EnKF. In this paper, to compromise between computational cost and dynamic covariance, we use the idea of ``dressing' a small size dynamical ensemble with a larger number of static ensembles in order to form an approximate dynamic covariance. The term ``dressing' means that a dynamical ensemble seed from model runs is perturbed by adding the anomalies of some static ensembles. This dressing EnKF (DrEnKF for short) scheme is tested in assimilation of real altimetry data in the Pacific using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) over a four-year period. Ten dynamical ensemble seeds are each dressed by 10 static ensemble members selected from a 100-member static ensemble. Results are compared to two EnKF assimilation runs that use 10 and 100 dynamical ensemble members. Both temperature and salinity fields from the DrEnKF and the EnKF are compared to observations from Argo floats and an OI SST dataset. The results show that the DrEnKF and the 100-member EnKF yield similar root mean square errors (RMSE) at every model level. Error covariance matrices from the DrEnKF and the 100-member EnKF are also compared and show good agreement.  相似文献   

5.
集合卡尔曼滤波同化多普勒雷达资料的数值试验   总被引:25,自引:10,他引:25  
利用集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)在云数值模式中同化模拟多普勒雷达资料,并考察了不同条件下EnKF同化方法的性能.结果显示,经过几个同化周期后,EnKF分析结果非常接近真值.单多普勒雷达资料EnKF同化对雷达位置不太敏感,双雷达资料同化结果在同化的初期阶段比单雷达资料同化结果准确.同化由反射率导出的雨水比直接同化反射率资料更有效,联合同化径向速度和雨水有利于提高同化分析效果.协方差对EnKF同化效果起着非常重要的作用,考虑模式全部预报变量与径向速度协方差的同化效果比仅考虑速度场与径向速度协方差的同化效果好.雷达资料缺值降低了同化效果,此时增加地面常规观测资料的同化可以明显提高同化分析效果.EnKF同化技术对雷达观测资料误差不太敏感.初始集合对同化分析有较大影响.EnKF同化受集合大小和观测资料影响半径.同化对模式误差较敏感.利用EnKF同化双多普勒雷达资料,分析了一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度结构.结果表明,EnKF同化技术能够从双多普勒雷达资料反演暴雨中尺度系统的动力场、热力场和微物理场,反演的风场是较准确的,反演的热力场和微物理场分布也是基本合理的.中低层切变线是此次暴雨的主要动力特征,对流云表现为低层辐合、高层辐散并有垂直上升运动伴随,其热力特征表现为低层是低压区,高层为高压区,中部为暖区而上、下部为冷区,水汽、云水和雨水分别集中在对流云体内、上升气流区和强回波区.  相似文献   

6.
An hourly-cycling ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) working at 2.5?km horizontal grid spacing is implemented over southern Ontario (Canada) to assimilate Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METARs) in addition to the observations assimilated operationally at the Canadian Meteorological Centre. This high-resolution EnKF (HREnKF) system employs ensemble land analyses and perturbed roughness length to prevent an ensemble spread that is too small near the surface. The HREnKF then performs continuously for a four-day period, from which twelve-hour ensemble forecasts are launched every six hours. The impact on analyses and short-term forecasts of assimilating METAR data is given special attention.

It is shown that using ensemble land surface analyses increases near-surface ensemble spreads for temperature and specific humidity. Perturbing roughness length enlarges the spread for surface wind. Given sufficient ensemble spread, the four-day case study shows that the near-surface model state is brought closer to surface observations during the cycling process. The impact of assimilating surface data can also be seen at higher levels by using aircraft reports for verification. The ensemble forecast verification suggests that METAR data assimilation improves ensemble forecasts of air temperature and dewpoint near the surface up to a lead time of six hours or even longer. However, only minor improvement is found in surface wind forecasts.  相似文献   

7.
兰伟仁  朱江  Ming XUE 《大气科学》2010,34(3):640-652
本文在假定模式无偏差的情况下, 利用一次风暴过程的模拟多普勒雷达资料进行一系列风暴天气尺度的集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化试验, 检验集合卡尔曼滤波在风暴天气尺度资料同化方面的效果, 并验证各集合卡尔曼滤波参数对同化效果的影响。试验结果表明, 集合卡尔曼滤波能有效地应用于风暴尺度的资料同化; 40个集合成员以及6 km的局地化尺度能较好地滤除采样误差造成的虚假相关, 同时可以将观测信息传递到无观测的模式格点; 利用背景场加上空间平滑的高斯型随机扰动生成初始成员的方式较未经过平滑的方式有更好的分析效果; 背景场扰动方法能够提高样本的离散度; 只同化反射率的同化试验表明, 反射率的同化效果较明显, 也证明了集合卡尔曼滤波在非常规资料同化中的作用; 增加径向风资料同化的效果优于只进行反射率同化的结果。  相似文献   

8.
基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋路径集合预报研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
构建了一个基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋集合预报系统,通过积云参数化方案和边界层参数化方案的9个不同组合,采用MM5模式进行了不同时间的短时预报。对预报结果使用“镜像法”得到18个初始成员,为同化提供初始背景集合。将人造台风作为观测场,同化后的结果作为集合预报的初值,通过不同参数组合的MM5模式进行集合预报。对2003~2004年16个台风个例的分析表明,初始成员产生方法能够对热带气旋的要素场、中心强度和位置进行合理扰动。同化结果使台风强度得到加强,结构更接近实际。基于同化的集合路径预报结果要优于未同化的集合预报。使用“镜像法”增加集合成员提高了预报准确度,路径预报误差在48小时和72小时分别低于200 km和250 km。  相似文献   

9.
A dual-resolution(DR) version of a regional ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)-3D ensemble variational(3DEnVar) coupled hybrid data assimilation system is implemented as a prototype for the operational Rapid Refresh forecasting system. The DR 3DEnVar system combines a high-resolution(HR) deterministic background forecast with lower-resolution(LR) EnKF ensemble perturbations used for flow-dependent background error covariance to produce a HR analysis. The computational cost is substantially reduced by running the ensemble forecasts and EnKF analyses at LR. The DR 3DEnVar system is tested with 3-h cycles over a 9-day period using a 40/13-km grid spacing combination. The HR forecasts from the DR hybrid analyses are compared with forecasts launched from HR Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI) 3D variational(3DVar)analyses, and single LR hybrid analyses interpolated to the HR grid. With the DR 3DEnVar system, a 90% weight for the ensemble covariance yields the lowest forecast errors and the DR hybrid system clearly outperforms the HR GSI 3DVar.Humidity and wind forecasts are also better than those launched from interpolated LR hybrid analyses, but the temperature forecasts are slightly worse. The humidity forecasts are improved most. For precipitation forecasts, the DR 3DEnVar always outperforms HR GSI 3DVar. It also outperforms the LR 3DEnVar, except for the initial forecast period and lower thresholds.  相似文献   

10.
兰伟仁  朱江  Ming XUE 《大气科学》2010,34(4):737-753
文章的第I部分(兰伟仁等, 2010), 利用模拟雷达资料在假定模式无误差的情况下进行了一系列的集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)敏感性试验, 验证了EnKF方法在风暴尺度天气资料同化中的作用。本文继续探讨EnKF在有显著模式误差的情况下同化模拟多普勒雷达资料的效果问题。试验中假定模式误差主要来源于微物理过程参数化的不确定性。结果表明: 模式误差在不同程度上影响了EnKF分析的效果, 对微物理量的影响尤其明显; 在EnKF分析中, 利用微物理过程参数化集合的方法来考虑模式误差, 对速度场、 位温场以及比湿场有较明显的正作用, 但对于微物理量场分析效果较差; 若包含控制试验的微物理过程参数化方案, 则EnKF对所有变量都有正效果, 随着同化循环次数的增加, 分析结果更加合理; 只考虑冰相过程的微物理过程参数化方案的集合, 分析效果进一步提高。  相似文献   

11.
Xia  Yu  Chen  Jing  Zhi  Xiefei  Chen  Lianglyu  Zhao  Yang  Liu  Xueqing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2020,34(2):400-412
Journal of Meteorological Research - Hybrid data assimilation combines a conventional 3-D or 4-D variational system with background error covariance (BEC) generated from ensemble forecast systems....  相似文献   

12.
The ensemble Kalman filter(En KF) is a distinguished data assimilation method that is widely used and studied in various fields including methodology and oceanography. However, due to the limited sample size or imprecise dynamics model, it is usually easy for the forecast error variance to be underestimated, which further leads to the phenomenon of filter divergence.Additionally, the assimilation results of the initial stage are poor if the initial condition settings differ greatly from the true initial state. To address these problems, the variance inflation procedure is usually adopted. In this paper, we propose a new method based on the constraints of a confidence region constructed by the observations, called En CR, to estimate the inflation parameter of the forecast error variance of the En KF method. In the new method, the state estimate is more robust to both the inaccurate forecast models and initial condition settings. The new method is compared with other adaptive data assimilation methods in the Lorenz-63 and Lorenz-96 models under various model parameter settings. The simulation results show that the new method performs better than the competing methods.  相似文献   

13.
集合Kalman滤波在土壤湿度同化中的应用   总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6  
张生雷  谢正辉  师春香 《大气科学》2008,32(6):1419-1430
基于非饱和土壤水模型和集合卡尔曼滤波 (Ensemble Kalman Filter, 简称EnKF) 并结合陆面水文模型——可变下渗能力模型 (Variable Infiltration Capacity, 简称VIC模型) 发展了一个土壤湿度同化方案。利用1998年6~8月淮河流域能量和水循环试验 (HUBEX) 项目外场观测试验区——史灌河流域梅山站土壤湿度逐日观测资料及1986~1993年合肥和南阳两站点的土壤湿度旬观测资料进行同化试验, 结果表明该同化方案能完整估计土壤湿度廓线, 同化的土壤湿度与观测资料基本吻合, 反映了土壤湿度的日、 旬、 月、 季变化, 同化方案是合理的。与基于扩展卡尔曼滤波 (Extended Kalman Filter, 简称EKF) 的土壤湿度同化方案的结果比较, 基于EnKF的土壤湿度同化方案易于实现, 且通过选择恰当的集合样本数其同化效果总体上略优于EKF同化方案, 但前者同化时需要花费较多的计算时间。  相似文献   

14.
基于集合卡尔曼滤波的土壤水分同化试验   总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20  
黄春林  李新 《高原气象》2006,25(4):665-671
集合卡尔曼滤波是由大气数据同化发展的新的顺序同化算法,它利用蒙特卡罗方法计算背景场的误差协方差矩阵,克服了卡尔曼滤波需要线性化的模型算子和观测算子的难点。我们发展了一个基于集合卡尔曼滤波和简单生物圈模型(SiB2,Simple Biosphere Model)的单点陆面数据同化方案。利用1998年7月6日至8月9日青藏高原GAME-Tibet实验区MS3608站点的观测数据进行了同化试验。结果表明,利用集合卡尔曼滤波的数据同化方法可以明显地提高表层、根区、深层土壤水分的估算精度。  相似文献   

15.
集合卡尔曼滤波同化探空资料的数值试验   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
应用集合卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Kalman Filter;EnKF)方法,同化了2005年7月一次暴雨过程的探空观测资料,并用非静力中尺度模式MM5进行数值模拟试验。结果表明:在理想模式的假设下,即假设真实模拟和所产生的集合用的是同一个模式并有相同的初始误差,EnKF方法同化的分析结果较好。如果不运用EnKF方法同化探空观测资料,则集合预报结果和不加扰动的单个数值预报结果都没有EnKF方法同化过的好。  相似文献   

16.
CoLM模式地表温度变分同化研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
本文采用变分方法对通用陆面模式 (CoLM) 中的地表温度进行同化.同化伴随约束条件采用CoLM模式中的地表及植被能量平衡方程,调节因子采用裸土及植被蒸发比.采用美国通量网 (AmeriFlux) 中的Bonville站数据对同化方法进行了单点验证,验证结果表明同化后地表温度以及蒸散结果更加接近于实测值.选取中国华北地区对同化方法进行区域验证,结果显示每天仅采用白天一次观测值对地表温度进行同化的方法是有效的.通过对同化前后地表温度误差直方图比较可以发现,在有MODIS观测值的区域,同化后白天地表温度误差大大降低,同时,同化后地表蒸散空间分布图也发生了变化.单点验证以及区域验证结果都表明了变分同化方法是可靠的.变分同化方法可以改进陆面模式模拟结果,对于地表过程研究中的植被生态、水文等研究具有重要意义,同时,陆面模式可以与数值预报模式进行耦合,改进数值预报结果.  相似文献   

17.
基于全球集合预报系统(GEFS)资料,利用WRF中尺度模式及GEFS动力降尺度获取区域集合预报初值场,通过对同化后的分析场进行模式积分实现华南前汛期区域集合预报。对2019年6月10日的一次华南前汛期暴雨过程进行不同同化方案的试验:混合同化(Hybrid)、三维变分(3Dvar)、集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)和对比试验(Ctrl)四组试验的对比分析,探讨具有不同背景误差协方差矩阵的同化方案对区域集合预报集合扰动和集合离散随时间演变特征的影响,评估不同试验的降水模拟效果。(1) Hybrid对模式初始场有较好的改善作用,而3DVar和EnKF对初始场的改善作用不明显。(2) 对风场、温度场和湿度场,在前期预报中Hybrid的预报误差小于3DVar和EnKF,在中后期的预报中,3DVar和EnKF的预报误差得到改善,且好于Hybrid。同样,集合扰动能量,Hybrid和Ctrl在前期预报发展好于3DVar和EnKF,而在中后期的预报3DVar和EnKF好于Hybrid和Ctrl。(3) 从24 h累积降水评分中,整体上同化试验好于Ctrl,3DVar和EnKF好于Hybrid,且3DVar对大中雨级别的降水评分较好,而EnKF对暴雨以上级别的降水评分较好。(4) 对于集合统计检验分析,同化试验的AUC值都大于Ctrl的AUC值,24 h累积降水量阈值在10~100 mm的AUC值,3DVar最好;而125 mm阈值的AUC值,EnKF最好。   相似文献   

18.
集合卡尔曼滤波同化多普勒雷达资料的观测系统模拟试验   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
秦琰琰  龚建东  李泽椿 《气象》2012,38(5):513-525
本文将集合卡尔曼滤波同化技术应用到对流尺度系统中,实施了基于WRF模式的同化单部多普勒雷达径向风和反射率因子的观测系统模拟试验,验证了其在对流尺度中应用的可行性和有效性,并对同化系统的特性进行了探讨。试验表明:WRF-EnKF雷达资料同化系统能较准确分析模式风暴的流场、热力场、微物理量场的细致特征;几乎所有变量的预报和分析误差经过同化循环后都能显著下降,同化分析基本上能使预报场在各层上都有所改进,对预报场误差较大层次的更正更为显著;约8个同化循环后,EnKF能在雷达反射率、径向风观测与背景场间建立较可靠的相关关系,使模式各变量场能被准确分析更新,背景场误差协方差在水平方向和垂直方向都有着复杂的结构,是高度非均匀、各项异性和流依赖的;集合平均分析场做的确定性预报在短时间内能较好保持真值场风暴的细节结构,但预报误差增长较快。  相似文献   

19.
《大气与海洋》2012,50(4):129-145
In the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), ensemble size is one of the key factors that significantly affects the performance of a data assimilation system. A relatively small ensemble size often must be chosen because of the limitations of computational resources, which often biases the estimation of the background error covariance matrix. This is an issue of particular concern in Argo data assimilation, where the most complex state-of-the-art models are often used. In this study, we propose a time-averaged covariance method to estimate the background error covariance matrix. This method assumes that the statistical properties of the background errors do not change significantly at neighbouring analysis steps during a short time window, allowing the ensembles generated at previous steps to be used in present steps. As such, a joint ensemble matrix combining ensembles of previous and present steps can be constructed to form a larger ensemble for estimating the background error covariance. This method can enlarge the ensemble size without increasing the number of model integrations, and this method is equivalent to estimating the background error covariance matrix using the mean ensemble covariance averaged over several assimilation steps. We apply this method to the assimilation of Argo and altimetry datasets with an oceanic general circulation model.

Experiments show that the use of this time-averaged covariance can improve the performance of the EnKF by reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) and improving the estimation of error covariance structure as well as the relationship between ensemble spread and RMSE.

RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Dans le filtre de Kalman d'ensemble (EnKF), la taille de l'ensemble est l'un des facteurs clés qui ont une influence importante sur la performance d'un système d'assimilation de données. Il faut souvent choisir une taille d'ensemble assez petite à cause des limites des ressources informatiques, ce qui biaise souvent l'estimation de la matrice de covariance de l'erreur de fond. Cette question revêt une importance particulière pour l'assimilation des données Argo, qui fait souvent appel à des modèles de pointe très complexes. Dans cette étude, nous proposons une méthode de covariance moyennée dans le temps pour estimer la matrice de covariance de l'erreur de fond. Cette méthode suppose que les propriétés statistiques des erreurs de fond ne changent pas de façon importante d'une étape d'analyse à la suivante durant un court laps de temps, ce qui permet d'utiliser dans les étapes courantes les ensembles générés aux étapes précédentes. Ainsi, on peut construire une matrice d'ensembles conjoints combinant les ensembles des étapes précédentes et courantes pour former un plus grand ensemble dans le but d'estimer la covariance de l'erreur de fond. Cette méthode peut accroître la taille de l'ensemble sans augmenter le nombre d'intégrations du modèle; elle équivaut à estimer la matrice de covariance de l'erreur de fond en utilisant la covariance moyenne de l'ensemble calculée sur plusieurs étapes d'assimilation. Nous appliquons cette méthode à l'assimilation des ensembles de données Argo et d'altimétrie avec un modèle de circulation océanique générale.

Des essais montrent que l'emploi de cette covariance moyennée dans le temps peut améliorer la performance de l'EnKF en réduisant l’écart-type et en améliorant l'estimation de la structure de la covariance de l'erreur de même que la relation entre l'étalement et l'écart-type l'ensemble.  相似文献   

20.
基于WRF中尺度模式,采用集合卡尔曼滤波方法同化中国岸基多普勒天气雷达径向速度资料,对2015年登陆台风彩虹(1522)进行数值试验。从台风强度、路径、结构等方面验证了同化效果,并对不同区域雷达观测资料的同化敏感性进行讨论。试验结果表明:在同化窗内同化分析场台风位置误差相比未同化平均减小15 km,最多时刻减小38 km,同化资料时次越多,确定性预报路径误差越小。同化雷达资料后较好地反映出台风彩虹(1522)近海加强过程,台风中心最低气压同化分析和预报误差相比未同化最大减小超过25 hPa,台风眼的尺度、眼墙处对流非对称结构相比未同化与观测更加接近。试验还表明:台风内核100 km范围内的雷达观测对同化效果影响最大,仅同化这部分资料(约占总量的20%)各方面效果与同化全部资料相近,而仅同化100 km以外资料效果明显不及同化所有资料。仅同化台风内核雷达观测资料可以在不影响同化效果的前提下,使集合同化计算机时减小为原来的1/3,该策略可为台风实际业务预报提供一定参考。  相似文献   

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