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1.
“5·6”四川盆地对流云团特征及触发机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用FY-2卫星资料、NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,分析研究了2016年5月6日四川盆地暴雨对流云团的特征及其形成机制。结果表明:四川盆地对流云团易发生在青藏高原东侧边坡陡峭地形带,初生对流云团的云顶亮温低于-45℃,边缘最大温度梯度为15~20℃,水汽-红外通道亮温差值介于-5~0℃,分裂窗-红外亮温差值介于0~2℃。强降水出现在红外和水汽亮温快速下降到最低值、水汽-红外通道差值达0℃附近、分裂窗-红外亮温差为正值和温度梯度达0℃后的几小时内,最大雨强出现在强对流云团成熟后开始迅速减弱的初始阶段(即云顶亮温开始回升的阶段)。较大范围的强降水由发展成熟的云顶最低亮温约为-70℃的对流云团产生,主要出现在红外亮温低于-50℃的区域,集中在红外亮温-65℃~-60℃、水汽亮温为-65℃~-60℃的云顶较为平滑的次低值中心区域内,并不与云顶最低亮温中心相吻合。机制分析表明,对流云团生成区域均受偏东风影响,且形成于高的对流不稳定能量条件下,发展于高湿区,近地层冷空气扩散南下与气旋式流场中的辐合共同触发对流在辐合线以北生成,而中层垂直风切变的加强、中低层暖平流和高层冷平流的发展促使对流云团发展旺盛。 相似文献
2.
应用葵花8号卫星资料,结合NCEP FNL再分析、GNSS遥感水汽、风廓线雷达、全国智能网格实况融合分析资料,对2017年7月14日和2018年8月7日沈阳两次暴雨过程(分别简称过程Ⅰ和过程Ⅱ)中对流云特征进行了比较分析,重点探讨了对流云的触发维持机制与影响降水特征差异的因素。结果表明:(1)两次过程分别为局地突发暴雨和区域性极端暴雨,沈阳市区暴雨均由两个对流云团引发,对流云团合并使得降水持续。过程Ⅱ云团合并发生在其移动方向的后侧,具有后向传播特征,合并云团沿其长轴方向移动影响沈阳市,使降水时间延长。(2)在降水前至降水初期,过程Ⅰ对流云顶和水汽层顶快速上升且云顶迅速超过水汽层顶,而过程Ⅱ亮温下降缓慢。短时强降水发生前红外和水汽亮温同步快速降至-60℃,可作为提前预判对流云团产生短时强降水的参考指标。10 min雨量大于10 mm的对流云云顶集中分布在红外亮温低于-55℃、亮温差为-5~0℃的范围。(3)两次过程中,沈阳市分别位于东北冷涡后部和副热带高压北缘。过程Ⅰ,探空曲线呈“X”型,CAPE高达2584 J·kg^-1,造成对流云深厚,云底以下干层导致雨滴蒸发,使降水强度减弱,该过程高强度降水仅发生在对流云团合并加强阶段。过程Ⅱ,云底到地面湿层明显,保证了雨滴降至地面,产生相同量级降水的云团的TBB比过程Ⅰ高。(4)强降水发生前,地面风场存在明显辐合,当大气可降水量2 h内跃增8 mm时,站点出现强降水;局地水汽跃增可能是低空西南气流偏南分量增大或偏北冷空气侵入到暖湿空气中所致。 相似文献
3.
利用自动站加密观测资料、ERA5再分析资料、FY-2F云顶亮温资料和雷达产品资料等，对2019年5月24日夜间黔中地区暖区暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征及成因进行分析，结果表明：（1）此次暖区强降水过程具有持续时间长、小时雨强大、强降水范围广等特点；（2）高能高湿的环境及强的大气层结不稳定特征、深厚的暖云层以及较低的抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度，为高效率持续性降水的产生提供了有利条件；（3）本次暖区暴雨主要由2个对流发展旺盛且伸展高度较高的对流云团连续影响造成，其移动路径在黔中地区存在叠加效应；（4）暴雨由积云为主的积层混合降水回波长时间滞留造成，具有明显的“列车效应”，降水强回波质心低，具有热带降水型回波的特征；（5）地面辐合线为对流系统的发生发展提供了较好的动力条件。强降水落区的位置随着地面辐合线的移动而移动，同时强降水落区主要位于地面辐合线左侧的偏北气流内。 相似文献
4.
利用遥感及加密观测资料详细分析了2005年6月25～26日一次低涡过程对流云和降水的结构特征,并利用NCEP再分析资料以及实况风场资料分析了其形成的有利条件。分析表明：此次低涡过程中出现的中尺度对流云团（MCC）经历了十几小时的发展演变,云顶亮温低达-90℃,导致了局地暴雨出现,对流云和降水的分布有很好的对应但同时具有显著的时空分布不均匀性。对流云内部高空存在冰晶的大值区,云水含量也比周围环境丰富,冰晶下落过程中通过碰粘其它冰晶、碰冻云水导致了云内的可降水增多,播撒-供应机制起主要作用。而对流降水的“双峰“廓线结构表明暖雨过程非常强。此次过程有形成强对流非常有利的环境：强西南低空急流水汽输送和水汽辐合与高空偏西风急流的相互作用为对流云团和强降水的形成提供水汽和不稳定条件;低层不稳定区域上强垂直上升运动则提供了不可缺少的动力条件;中尺度辐合系统的形成是此次强对流产生的直接原因。 相似文献
5.
该文利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及卫星和雷达资料,通过对环流背景、云图、雷达以及物理量分析研究,对2020年6月30日贵州特大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,发现此次特大暴雨过程是在高空多短波槽活动、中层弱冷空气的入侵、高空急流和低层切变线长期维持以及西南暖湿气流的持续性输送共同影响下形成的。此次MCC对流云团生成于毕节市威宁县附近,在MCC的初始阶段,对流云团由块状向椭圆形发展,冷云罩面积逐步增大,云顶亮温中心不断降低;成熟阶段由椭圆形逐步扩散为多边形,云顶亮温中心维持在-80℃以下;消亡阶段冷云罩面积和云顶亮温绝对值迅速减小。逐小时短时强降雨站数与冷云盖面积有很好的对应关系,在形成、成熟、消亡3个阶段分别呈现逐步上升、明显上升和迅速减小的趋势;最大小时雨量在成熟阶段与最低云顶亮温有较好的对应关系。此次特大暴雨过程中强回波基本集中在4 km以下,中低层越靠近地面回波越强,强回波接地,质心低。初始阶段强回波强度强,移速快,但生命史短,呈现单峰值分布;成熟阶段的强回波范围大,持续时间长,移速慢,呈现多峰值分布。TI≥44℃的大值区长期维持,低层的暖平流和上升气流以及正涡度辐合,配合高层的冷平流和下沉气流以及负涡度辐散,为此次特大暴雨过程提供了有利的能量和动力条件。 相似文献
6.
利用常规气象观测资料、长安站风廓线雷达和NECP 1°× 1°再分析资料等,对2016年7月24日西安短时暴雨的环流形势及中尺度特征进行分析。结果表明：此次暴雨突发性强、过程雨量大、降水时段集中、对流性明显,主要受中低层快速东移南压的冷式切变线和地面低压等系统影响,副热带高压外围西南暖湿气流为暴雨天气建立了稳定的水汽通道;层结“上干下湿”、“上冷下暖”,高温、高湿、高能的环境非常有利于不稳定能量集聚与释放;造成西安地区短时暴雨的对流云团具有初生强度大、发生发展迅速等特点,当关中地区椭圆形对流云团与陕南南部的中β对流云团逐渐合并,使对流云团发展加强,云顶亮温（black body temperature,TBB）大值区主要位于西安地区,TBB中心值降至-70 ℃,TBB中心附近出现666 mm/h最大雨强;秦岭北麓山区反射率因子超过55 dBz的分散孤立对流单体迅速发展合并,易引发暴雨灾害,需加强雷达资料监测研判;强降水发生前,风廓线雷达的低空风速明显增大,形成低空急流,冷暖平流加强层结不稳定,配合超低空急流产生短时强降水。 相似文献
7.
利用风廓线雷达、微波辐射计、FY卫星亮温(TBB)及多普勒天气雷达探测等非常规资料,对2012年7月25日发生在天津沿海的一次特大暴雨过程进行分析和研究。结果表明:1)中尺度对流系统是造成暴雨的主要影响系统,地面中尺度辐合导致雷达回波列车效应从而产生区域性特大暴雨,强降水过程中50～55 dBZ强回波超过0℃层到达6.5 km高度,表现出高质心结构,雷达回波多仰角出现逆风区,持续时间近3 h,气旋式辐合增强,使对流有很强的组织性;2)暴雨过程伴随多个中尺度对流云团的强烈发展,成熟的对流云团冷中心温度达-63℃,云团后部温度等值线梯度大,对流旺盛,是引发强降水的关键;3)云液态水含量跃增与地面降水增强有直接关系,高液态水含量集中在0.8～1.6 km高度,强降水前湿层深厚,降水发生后湿层厚度迅速减小;4)风廓线雷达有能力捕捉到对暴雨预报有指示意义的信号,暴雨开始前约1～2 h边界层急流和低空急流建立,且低空急流在强降水发生前达到最强,暴雨开始前约1 h有中层弱冷空气侵入,暴雨开始前10～20 min急流可触发边界层扰动和低空扰动。 相似文献
8.
为获得青海高原（以下简称高原）对流云团的强降水监测预警特征和预警方法,使用葵花-8卫星数据跟踪识别高原典型强降水天气过程的对流云团,计算并分析具有提前预警意义的云团特征参数。结果表明：（1）本文提出的对流云团识别的改进多通道法,经与传统多通道法对比检验,证明所得云团更接近对流主体,该方法适用于高原对流云团识别。（2）对流形成到成熟阶段,特征参数起伏变化,但红外与水汽通道亮温差（DTB13）和云顶亮温（Tmin）整体下降,云顶亮温梯度（GTmax）整体上升;在对流发展阶段仅红外1和2通道亮温差（DTB12）平均可达预警极值,在成熟阶段则是Tmin、DTB13、GTmax、深对流指数（DCI）等平均可达预警极值。高原上强降水天气的对流云多发展成深对流,降水发生在云团特征参数极值附近,短时强降水发生在深对流云区内特定云顶（上冲云顶或近似上冲云顶）所在特征参数极值区内或边缘附近。（3）特征参数极值对一般降水和强降水的开始时间分别提前0～1 h和0.5～4.5 h出现,在西风型流场下对强降水开始的提前时间相对较长。降水开始前,副高型流场下对流云团向深对流发展变化最剧烈,表现为DCI和GTmax平... 相似文献
9.
《干旱气象》2016,(5)
2013年7月8日河南濮阳发生强降水天气,利用常规天气观测资料、NECP再分析资料、地面自动站加密资料、卫星云图和天气雷达产品,诊断此次强降水过程产生的原因及中尺度特征。分析表明:(1)此过程属切变线暴雨过程,高空低槽东移、副热带高压加强北上、西南暖湿气流加强、中低层切变线和地面倒槽发展是强降水过程的环流特征。强降水发生在大气层结不稳定区域,低层水汽充沛,有低层强辐合、高层强辐散的环境场特征。降水中心位于中低层"人"字型切变顶端右侧暖切变线附近、地面倒槽顶端冷暖空气气旋性辐合最强区域;(2)沿倒槽辐合线强烈发展的β中尺度的对流云团东北移与濮阳周围发展的对流云团合并加强,形成较强的中α尺度的对流系统(MCS),对流性强降水落区处于MCS的前端对流发展旺盛区及附近,此处云顶亮温(TBB)值达到最低(203 K);(3)多普勒雷达回波图上,多条中尺度回波短带汇合加强,形成"人"字型带状回波北抬,与濮阳附近发展的对流回波合并加强,强回波在濮阳当地打转滞留,造成强降水;径向速度图上,低层较大的东南风入流和中层大范围强盛的西南风入流在雷达站周围形成中小尺度的强旋转辐合风场,使对流上升运动增强,造成极端对流性强降水。同时此处也是地面中小尺度的气旋性辐合处。 相似文献
10.
浙江省降水云系红外云图特征及其与降水量的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用2000~2003年GMS红外云图资料,统计分析了影响浙江省降水系统的红外云图特征及其与地面1 h降水量的关系。结果表明:降水云团的云顶亮温、1 h云顶亮温差、云顶亮温梯度和云团移动速度与地面降水强度的对应关系是非线性的,并且随季节的变化它们的关系又有明显变化;随着云顶亮温的降低,1 h降水量降水强度逐渐增大,出现强降水的机率也明显增多;浙江省内易出现2.0 mm/h(中雨)7、.0 mm/h(大雨)、15.0 mm/h(暴雨)强降水的云顶亮温指标分别为-30℃、-36℃、-41℃。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献