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1.
湖北地基GPS大气可降水量变化特征分析及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用探空资料、地基GPS/MET水汽监测资料,对恩施、宜昌、武汉三站地基GPS反演大气可降水量(GPS Precipitable Water Vapor,GPS/PWV)与探空进行了对比,表明GPS/PWV与探空RS/PWV具有良好的一致性。湖北省17站3 a GPS/PWV资料分析表明,GPS/PWV具有明显的月变化及日变化特征,分布具有从南往北逐渐递减,从西至东逐渐增加的特点。强降水个例分析表明GPS/PWV峰值略早于降水以及雷达回波峰值出现时间,高时空分辨率的GPS/PWV配合雷达对天气形势的分析以及降水的判断有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
2.
在分析GAMIT水汽解算方案特点的基础上,利用云南6站地基GPS水汽探测资料,进行了不同解算方案计算结果的分析,并与GPS探空资料的PWV值进行比较,结果显示:不同解算方案对云南地基GPS水汽反演结果有显著的影响;在进行本地化后,GAMIT软件包对云南GPS水汽反演的精度有显著提高;不同季节的云南地基GPS反演水汽值与高精度探空水汽值的数值和变化趋势极为一致,二者的均方根差小于2 mm,说明该解算方案的地基GPS水汽反演结果可用. 相似文献
3.
云南地基GPS观测大气可降水量变化特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用2007年云南地基GPS站点观测资料,分析GPS反演的大气可降水量(PWV)变化特征,并用探空、实际降水量资料和GPS反演结果进行比较。结果表明:GPS/PWV能反映云南降水的季节变化特征,海拔较低的测站普遍比同期海拔较高的测站测得的GPS/PWV值高;GPS/PWV值与探空得到的大气水汽总量随时间演变趋势基本一致,其相关系数均达0.89;GPS/PWV变化周期和实际降水发生的周期基本相同,降水大多为GPS/PWV值连续增加达到峰值(或从峰值开始下降)后开始;GPS/PWV上升幅度较大或位于高位可作为连续性强降水过程出现的预报指标,但使用GPS/PWV峰值作预报指标时,还应考虑季节因素。 相似文献
4.
《气象》2021,(9)
利用2016—2018年祁连山区中东部11个站的地基GPS反演的大气可降水量(以下简称GPS/PWV),分析了大气可降水量的时空分布、地带性和垂直变化特征。结果表明:与张掖和民勤探空实测资料计算的PWV(以下简称RS/PWV)相比,GPS/PWV均方根误差和偏差平均值分别为2.1 mm和1.07 mm,GPS/PWV略大于RS/PWV且两者相关系数平均值达到0.97。祁连山中东部PWV日最大值出现在11 — 16时,日最小值出现在01—05时;PWV的月最大值出现在8月,月最小值出现在1—2月;PWV的季节分布为夏季秋季春季冬季;PWV高值区主要分布在祁连山东南部,祁连山中部的刚察、民和为明显低值区;祁连山中段PWV低于东段。PWV地带性和垂直变化特征明显,与海拔高度的相关系数达到了—0.77。PWV随经度自西向东,逐渐升高;PWV随纬度从南往北,存在着"高—低—高"的变化特征;PWV的空间分布和季节变化与季风影响相关。 相似文献
5.
利用GAMIT对江西省GPS可降水量的反演应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GAMIT是由麻省理工学院(MIT)和斯克里普斯海洋学院(SIO)开发的拥有高精度的GPS专业处理软件。针对GAMIT软件在Linux操作系统上的安装、GPS观测站的参数表文件和配置文件的编辑、天顶对流层总延迟的解算,以及可降水量的反演的方法和流程进行了探讨,总结了GAMIT软件的一些使用经验和注意事项。同时,利用南昌站每日2次的探空资料所计算的大气可降水量对同时刻运用GAMIT反演的南昌站GPS大气可降水量进行了对比分析,发现运用GAMIT反演的GPS大气可降水量具有较高的精度。 相似文献
6.
选取2009年6月30日发生在云南南部和湖南北部的强降水过程,利用WRF模式和建立在青藏高原东缘地区18个地基GPS站点观测的可降水量资料（GPS/PWV）进行同化试验.试验表明：选取全部18个站和云南省8个站GPS/PWV资料进行同化,发现下游地区的强降水区湖南北部降水强度发生较大变化.选取100.E附近的6个站GPS/PWV资料进行同化,发现下游地区的强降水区湖南北部降水强度变化不大.利用全部站点GPS/PWV资料,模式初始场大部分地区湿度增加,对应下游降水中心强度增加,少部分地区湿度减少,对应降水区域南移.GPS/PWV资料同化对模式初始场湿度场和高度场影响较大,而对温度和风场影响较小. 相似文献
7.
利用2010年1月～2011年12月四川JICA项目获得的地基GPS观测资料和地面自动站资料,分析四川省内GPS/PWV变化特征,结果表明:GPS/PWV能较好反映各站降水的季节变化,海拔高度对GPS/PWV值有显著影响作用;全年夜间GPS/PWV值大于日间,秋季高原上夜间GPS/PWV值小于日间;在主汛期,GPS/PWV能作为降水出现概率较高的判据,降水多出现在PWV值大于基准值时段;PWV变化周期与降水发生周期有很好的对应关系,大多数为PWV值连续增加达到峰值阶段或由峰值开始下降阶段开始降水。 相似文献
8.
通过对2012年5—9月湖北省59个GPS/MET站可降水量资料、全省自动站雨量资料以及实况高空资料的分析发现：①同址观测的GPS PWV与探空-PWV相关性高,误差小,有降水时相关性下降。②有降水时山地比平原地区的GPS PWV普遍偏低10 mm左右。③69%暴雨出现前GPS PWV会上升,不上升的则已达到较高值。GPS PWV单站6 h和12 h变量为正,对暴雨开始的指示性较好。④不同类型暴雨的GPS PWV特征不同：西风系统型和副热带高压影响型局地暴雨中心均对应GPS PWV高值区,其GPS PWV阈值在湖北西部分别为大于等于40 mm和大于等于55 mm,在湖北中东部分别为大于等于52 mm和大于等于60 mm;台风影响型局地暴雨大多位于GPS PWV高值区附近的密集带,GPS PWV阈值为大于等于45 mm;区域性暴雨需在有利降水的天气形势下考虑PWV,暴雨中心对应GPS PWV高值区,且GPS PWV高值中心较暴雨中心提前1 h出现。⑤暴雨中心位于GPS PWV水平分布密集带的情况有3种：个别影响系统移动较快的暴雨、台风影响型局地暴雨、个别山区暴雨。⑥利用GPS PWV高值区叠加地面辐合区判断未来1 h暴雨区,对湖北中东部暴雨的指示性较好,但对湖北西部山区暴雨的指示性较弱。 相似文献
9.
2002年台风Ramasun影响华东沿海期间可降水量的GPS观测和分析 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
介绍了2002年建成的长江三角洲地区GPS(全球定位系统)网对台风Ramasun影响华东沿海地区时可降水量的探测,指出GPS探测的可降水量(PWV)与加密探空资料所计算的可降水量具有高度的一致性.通过对多站GPS资料时间序列的分析,揭示了在台风影响过程中PWV 的三个阶段的变化特征: 在台风降水产生前PWV 都有一个急升的过程,PWV的急升时间长短、升幅、量值大小反映了水汽累积情况,它与台风过程降水总量、每小时降水量大小有较好的对应关系;PWV 急升达到峰值后进入高值波动阶段,一般在达到峰值后7～10小时开始出现明显的降水, 在这一阶段中PWV 时间序列的波动和空间分布特征与台风降水的短时变化和螺旋雨带演变有较好的对应关系;PWV 的急降则反映台风降水即将结束. 相似文献
10.
基于2021年5—7月GPS卫星资料,采用精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)和双差网解两种算法进行了大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor,PWV）反演,利用同址探空水汽资料,对比分析了PPP算法与双差网解法计算的PWV反演精度。结果表明,PPP算法和双差网解法反演出的PWV随时间变化的趋势基本一致。两种算法反演出的PWV结果合理,与探空PWV相比,采用PPP和双差网解两种算法反演的PWV相对偏差均小于2.4 mm、绝对偏差在4 mm以下,均方差约4 mm,与探空PWV相关系数均在0.87以上,均能较好地反映大气中水汽含量的变化情况,两种算法均具备较强的水汽反演能力,双差网解法反演的PWV在相关性、精度上略优于PPP算法。PPP算法可实现单站水汽高时间分辨率反演,对于获取台站高时效、高精度的大气水汽探测产品具备优势。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献