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1.
应用非地转湿Q矢量理论对2003年1月5～6日云南冬季的一次强降水过程进行诊断分析，结果表明：500hPa青藏高原横切变、快速东移的南支槽、低层700hPa西南急流、地面强冷锋是此次云南冬季强降水的主要影响系统；非地转湿Q矢量流场的辐合中心(辐合线)与强降水区吻合；近地面800hPa锋生函数场正值区的变化较好地反映了锋面的强度，锋生函数正值区范围与降雪区域对应较好；700hPa非地转湿Q矢量散度场辐合区与云南冬季强降水的产生及强度正相关。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2020,(4)
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站资料、强天气监测资料以及NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,从影响系统、环境场条件以及低空急流对混合强对流天气的水汽、热力、动力影响的诊断分析入手,对2019年3月4—5日贵州大范围雷雨大风、冰雹、短时强降水和暴雨等混合强对流天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明:低空急流建立并呈爆发式增强,使中低层水汽输送和辐合加强,大气上干冷、下暖湿的特征更显著,中低空能量锋区加强,垂直风切变增大,动力辐合加强,同时"低层辐合、高层辐散"的抽吸结构长时间维持,为混合强对流天气的发生发展提供了重要条件。超前的500 hPa温度槽叠加在中低空强暖湿气流之上,触发锋前暖区强对流天气,强对流天气发生在低空急流发展增强至最强盛期间,主要分布在700 hPa和850 hPa温度脊区附近强暖湿不稳定区;4日夜间南支槽配合低空切变线和活跃的静止锋,共同触发锋后冷区强降水天气,强降水主要发生在低空急流和水汽辐合达到最强之后,强降水主要分布在低空急流左前侧、850 hPa切变线南侧及850 hPa和700 hPa饱和湿区重叠区内。 相似文献
3.
2011年3月云南连续两次强倒春寒天气过程对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料,对2011年3月中、下旬云南两次强倒春寒天气过程(分别简称过程Ⅰ和过程Ⅱ)进行对比分析。结果表明,两次过程的影响系统不同,其造成的地面降温原因不同;垂直上升运动的厚度和强度不同,雨雪的强度和范围大小有明显差别。中低层水汽通量的增加和水汽辐合是云南大范围强降雪的必备条件,而降水对水汽通量和水汽辐合强度的要求低于降雪。过程Ⅰ水汽辐合发展高度高于过程Ⅱ,其无论降水还是降雪的强度和范围均超过过程Ⅱ。能量锋区附近不稳定能量水平梯度越大,能量积聚越多,其触发后强烈释放,带来的天气现象也越剧烈。倒春寒发生前,过程Ⅱ云南省的位势不稳定强于过程Ⅰ;倒春寒爆发后,过程Ⅱ的雷暴范围大于过程Ⅰ。低层露点锋抬升作用可触发中层强不稳定能量释放,等露点温度(Td)线分布区域对降雨(雪)及雷暴分布具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用常规气象资料、通辽市和赤峰市多普勒雷达资料、气候极端降雪以及NCEP的FNL(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对2020年11月17-19日内蒙古中东部极端回流大暴雪天气进行分析。研究表明：500 hPa东移高空槽前暖湿气流、 700 hPa西南急流以及暖式切变线为降雪提供了丰富的水汽和动力辐合抬升机制,地面至850 hPa均为偏东风冷垫,中高空西南暖湿空气沿低层冷垫爬升产生锋生,是造成此次大暴雪的主要原因。降雪最强时段,从低层到高层均为上升运动,中低层水汽几乎接近饱和状态,深厚湿层有利于产生高效率的强降雪;通辽探空图有冰相层、逆温层、融化层、中性层等多种特殊层结,并有明显表征冻雨的“象鼻”层结曲线;低层东北风急流与中高层西南急流形成强的垂直风切变和温度差,动力锋生在降雪期间一直维持,动力锋生最强阶段和降雪最强时刻相对应。雷达反射率有0℃层亮带,50～55 dBz带状强回波;基本径向速度低层长时间维持东北急流构成的冷垫,并有一对正负速度中心的风速核,形成“牛眼”结构,“牛眼”结构代表边界层出现急流核;雷达基本径向速度图低层东北风,中高层西南急流,很好地反映了西南暖湿急流在冷垫上爬升... 相似文献
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本文将利用常规探测资料、NCEP再分析资料和多普勒雷达资料,对2018年12月29～30日铜仁市暴雪过程的环流形势特征与成因进行分析,结果表明：此次暴雪过程发生在高空南支槽、多波动槽东移、700hPa西南暖湿急流输送及850hPa东北回流冷垫的环流背景下,表现出持续时间长、范围广、强度大、积雪深的特征;强降雪阶段对流层低层有来自孟湾的源源不断的水汽输送,湿层厚度增强,且有较强的水汽辐合;700hPa较强的垂直上升运动及对流层中低层较强的垂直风切变利于暴雪天气的发生;强降雪时刻暴雪区800hPa以上位于高层冷平流、低层暖平流的叠加区域,为不稳定大气;此次降雪具有对流性和持续性特征,雷达反射率回波云团具有列车效应。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料和NCEP（1°x1°）再分析资料，对2020年2月发生在内蒙古的一次地面回流与倒槽共同作用下的暴雪天气过程进行详细分析。结果表明：本次暴雪过程的主要影响系统是高空槽、700hPa切变线、高低空急流、地面冷高压、倒槽和冷锋。在高空下沉气流及1000~800hPa上东北急流的共同作用下，干冷气流形成“冷垫”，迫使暖湿空气沿冷垫抬升，同时不断的有干冷空气向中低层暖湿气流下方入侵，与中高层的西南急流形成深厚的锋生区和锋面次级环流，二者的正反馈作用为暴雪提供增幅作用。700hPa西南急流不断输送水汽，暴雪区位于比湿、水汽通量和水汽通量散度辐合的大值区。低层辐合高层辐散，配合显著的上升气流，有利于水汽积聚与输送和上升运动。强锋生落区与暴雪区域相对应，其中水平变形作用项对锋生的贡献最大，垂直运动项对锋生的贡献最小。湿位涡在强降雪落区内MPV1>0, MPV2<0，有利于本次暴雪过程的发生，高空下传的正MPV1会引起低层冷空气加强，冷暖空气对比度加大，有利于锋生，同时湿斜压性增强，诱发气旋式环流，进一步增强降雪。 相似文献
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利用常规的地面观测资料、micaps卫星资料以及NCEP再分析资料,对2016年11月7到9日发生在湖北西南山区一次大范围暴雨转暴雪灾害天气的成因进行了分析。结果表明：此次极端雨雪灾害天气,是东移南下强冷空气与西南强暖湿气流共同作用的结果。低空急流的形成与维持,南支槽前正涡度的加强,以及中层正好处于冷暖气流交汇区,这种高层辐散、低层辐合的有利配置,是7到8日产生大范围大雨,局部暴雨的主要天气背景。8日夜间到9日的暴雪产生,除中层西南暖湿气流加强对降雪增幅的贡献外,还主要受东、西两路冷空气汇合加强共同影响;动力锋生产生的正、反两支锋面次级环流是造成降雪最直接的中尺度系统;此次雨雪持续期间,水汽充沛,并伴有强的水汽辐合上升运动,在强降雪影响期间,影响区上空存在NE-SW带状动力结构,这种锋面斜压性特征,加强了暖湿气流沿冷空气垫的爬升;针对秋季雨雪转换的温度层结特点,重点关注中层逆温和近地层气温变化。综合相关文献及本次研究结果,针对湖北地区降雪,850 hPa在0℃或以下,地面气温在2℃或以下,可作为雨转雪或雨夹雪的温度指标。中层逆温不是降雪必备条件,但对于产生强降雪需要适宜的中层逆温,本次降雪逆温出现在-1℃附近,该指标也可作为秋季降雪的参考指标。 相似文献
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利用常规资料和NCEP每6h一次的全球再分析资料(水平分辨率为1°×1°),对2011年福建省雨季首场暴雨过程进行分析.结果表明:福建处于中层的南支槽前西南气流和西风槽后西北气流的交汇区、高空急流入口区的南侧辐散区、低层切变及地面锋面附近辐合区,有利于强降雨过程产生.强降水期间,福建省处在高能区,且大气不稳定和水汽输送条件充沛.本次过程,福建省水平运动锋生较强,强锋生带有利于低层辐合.强降水区和水平运动锋生场相对应.湿位涡的子项即经向涡度和相当位温经向梯度的相互作用项负值中心及强负值区与锋面降水也有较好的对应关系. 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、ERA-Interim、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对比分析了2016年1月21—26日和2018年12月28日至2019年1月2日影响广西柳州的2次低温雨雪冰冻天气的成因。结果表明:2次过程期间中高纬均为两槽一脊形势,阻塞高压较常年同期偏强28dagpm;2018年过程期间近地层强冷平流的持续输送和高层冷空气的补充是柳州2018年气温低于2016年的重要原因,中低层持续的水汽输送及水汽辐合,长时间逆温层维持以及较强的逆温强度使得降雪持续时间及范围强于2016年;2016年过程期间中层强盛的西北气流使冷空气南下迅速,700hPa急流区以及850hPa风速辐合区的偏南导致明显的降雪主要出现在广西南部,柳州只出现少量降雪,温度回升较快。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献