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宁夏不同强度沙尘暴环流差异特征的对比分析 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
利用宁夏1970—2003年沙尘暴过程资料及NCEP/NCAR(1971—2000年)逐日全球再分析资料,依据沙尘暴强度划分标准,对同期宁夏不同强度沙尘暴过程的环流差异特征进行合成对比诊断分析。结果表明:在不同环流背景下,特强、强及一般性沙尘暴过程频次明显不同,一脊一槽、西北路径冷空气是宁夏区域性特强和强沙尘暴过程最主要的环流和冷空气类型;而在基本相同的大尺度环流背景下,由于乌拉尔山高压脊、贝加尔湖冷低压、蒙古气旋及地面冷高压等的强度和位置不同,造成的沙尘暴强度有显著差异。同时,200 hPa高层西风急流的不同分布,与宁夏沙尘暴的强度也有密切关系。 相似文献
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两次典型强沙尘暴过程的对比分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用常规气象资料，应用天气分析及诊断分析方法，对2001年4月8～9日和2002年3月19-21日的两次强沙尘暴天气过程，从天气气候背景、单站地面气象要素、环流形势、冷空气的强度及影响路径、沙尘暴的起沙源地、影响时间和范围等进行深入分析。结果表明：两次强沙尘暴过程的沙尘暴源地基本相同，但由于环流形势、冷空气的强度、影响时间、蒙古气旋的位置及前期气候背景有所差异，因此对宁夏造成了不同的影响。 相似文献
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2001年4月8日宁夏强沙尘暴天气中尺度系统分析 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
对2001年4月8日宁夏出现的一次强沙尘暴过程进行了天气背景及中尺度天气学分析。根据不同地区出现大风的时间差异，讨论了地形对冷锋和沙尘暴运动的影响；利用非静力平衡中尺度数值预报模式MM5的导出量，通过宁夏精细化预报物理量分析子系统，计算、分析了这次过程中Q矢量、锋生函数及总温度的变化特征。结果表明：MM5数值模式输出产品与本次沙尘暴过程天气实况有较好的对应关系及预报指示意义。 相似文献
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内蒙古东部春季三类沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数及其与PM10、能见度相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用内蒙古东胜、锡林浩特两站2004~2006年春季（3~5月）积分浊度计的观测资料,结合同期PM10质量浓度、大气能见度等资料,分析了背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴等不同强度沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数的分布特征,讨论了不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数、PM10、能见度的日变化规律,以及不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数与PM10质量浓度、散射系数与能见度的相关关系。结果表明:散射系数能够很好地反映沙尘天气强度;随沙尘天气强度增强,散射系数日变化从双峰型向单峰型转变;沙尘天气强度较弱时,PM10与散射系数的日变化不相似,强沙尘暴过程中PM10与散射系数的日变化有一定的相似性;能见度与散射系数日变化趋势相反;散射系数与PM10质量浓度呈正相关性,沙尘天气越强,相关性越好,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为0.201、0.809、0.898和0.953;散射系数与能见度有指数相关关系,随沙尘天气强度增强二者相关性逐渐增强,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为-0.773、-0.870、-0.918和-0.940。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献