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1.
京津冀一次飑线过程的精细时空演变特征分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
利用常规探空资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达资料对2013年3月19日夜里到20日凌晨发生在湖南中南部和广东北部的一次区域性雷暴大风天气进行了分析,发现本次强对流天气过程的天气尺度背景是北支高压脊的崩溃和南支槽的建立,槽前出现较强的低空急流和切变线并在湖南中南部和广东北部形成了上干冷下暖湿的温湿配置结构下发生并强烈发展的;地面自动站观测显示北风侵入到前期露点温度较高的贵州黄平地区并形成风向辐合触发了对流,之后对流单体东移进入前期地面辐合线和露点锋相配合,同时500 hPa极为干冷的湖南中部偏南地区不断发展加强成对流带;雷达观测显示19日夜里在湖南西部不断出现对流单体并在其东移南下过程中最终形成飑线结构,该飑线中存在多个超级单体;通过多普勒天气雷达的中气旋产品与雷暴大风出现时间对应比较发现：大多数由中气旋引发的雷暴大风,在雷暴大风出现前2~3个体扫,其中气旋底高不断下降至2 km左右或以下,且在雷暴大风出现前1~2个体扫,中气旋的最强切变高度显著下降至中气旋底高位置附近;通过风廓线雷达数据与雷暴大风出现时间对应比较发现：底层大气折射率结构常数(C2n)大幅度的跃升通常在雷暴大风出现前10~15 min左右出现,其对雷暴大风的出现可能具有一定的指示意义。基于雷达资料快速更新四维变分同化（RR4DVar）分析系统,利用京津冀6部新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和区域（约700个）自动站资料对2013年7月30—31日京津冀地区一次飑线系统在移动过程中系统不同部位的热动力结构及其环境场时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,这次飑线过程是在有利的天气尺度背景形势下发生发展的。飑线形成初期,其中段和南段前部有强的暖湿空气辐合上升运动,并受到强的中层垂直风切变的影响,且在飑线中南段两侧水平正负涡度近似平衡,这种环境下,十分有利于飑线中南段的组织发展。而北段前部受弱的中层垂直风切变及辐散下沉运动影响,不利于北段系统有组织的发展;随着飑线移动下山,中段和南段前部在较强的中层垂直风切变控制下,出现强的暖湿空气辐合上升运动,且存在偏南暖湿气流稳定输送到系统上升运动区中,这对飑线系统中段和南段自身对流单体新生及高度组织化极为有利。随着飑线演变为弓形回波,中段环境场仍维持强的中层垂直风切变且位于冷池出流边界的控制之下,由于地形强迫效应,有利于弓形回波前沿低空偏南暖湿气流的辐合上升,是飑线下山迅速增强并发展成弓形回波,且稳定维持的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
2009年8月27日15-18时,石家庄地区出现雷暴大风等灾害性强对流天气过程,石家庄地区北部新乐县境内的多普勒雷达探测到了此次天气过程中完整的阵风锋、飑线、中气旋等中尺度天气系统,并对此次雷暴大风的环境场和多普勒雷达产品进行分析。结果表明：低层逆温、中低层垂直风切变较强的不稳定层结为强对流天气的发生发展提供了有利的环境条件。阵风锋对对流风暴发展强度具有反馈作用,当二者逐渐远离时,对流风暴强度减弱甚至消亡;当二者逐渐靠近时,对流风暴发展加强,甚至发展为超级单体对流风暴。多单体对流风暴带状排列构成飑线系统,所经测站出现风速突增、风向急转、气压涌升、气温下降,钩状回波、人字型回波、弓形回波和深厚持久发展的中气旋是本次天气过程中的超级单体对流风暴所具有的典型特征。地面破坏性大风主要由超级单体对流风暴所引发。 相似文献
3.
2017年7月9日河北中南部出现一次区域性雷暴大风天气过程,该过程属于典型的高空冷平流强迫型强对流天气,对流云团先后影响河北中南部的南(Ⅰ)、北(Ⅱ)两个区域。利用常规地面高空观测资料以及卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达、区域自动站与NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析了此过程发生的环境条件以及对流风暴的演变特征。结果表明:(1)本次过程发生在蒙古冷涡天气背景下,冷涡后部冷空气与低层暖湿空气在河北南部形成"上干冷下暖湿"的不稳定层结以及较强垂直风切变,区域Ⅰ对流由地形抬升触发,并在高空西北气流作用下向东南方向移动,而区域Ⅱ对流由冷锋直接触发,在平流和传播的共同作用下向东偏北方向移动。(2)造成区域Ⅰ大风的对流系统有飑线、与中气旋伴随的超级单体,飑线成熟阶段后侧入流急流在1 km以下超过31 m·s~(-1),地面大风出现在大风速核前沿、雷暴高压移向的前方和小时正变压中心附近;造成区域Ⅱ大风的对流系统有多种形态,如超级单体、块状回波和飑线,飑线大风出现在阵风锋后侧到小时正变压中心之间。飑线回波强度减弱后冷池密度流、动量下传和变压风共同作用仍可造成地面大风。(3)雷达低仰角径向速度图超过30m·s~(-1)的大风速核配合地面5 hPa以上的小时正变压,风廓线雷达5 km以下的7～10 m·s~(-1)下沉速度伴随1 km以下强的西北风,可作为地面8级以上雷暴大风0～2 h临近预警的参考指标。 相似文献
4.
基于加密探测资料解析2009年6月3日商丘强飑线形成机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用郑州、商丘新一代天气雷达资料、河南省逐分钟自动站等加密探测资料,对2009年6月3日发生在商丘地区的强飑线形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:低涡后部横槽携带冷空气沿西北气流下滑与低层暖湿空气在商丘汇聚,在低层辐合线、干线触发下,位于辐合中心的商丘爆发强飑线;初始对流回波沿边界辐合线发展加强并形成超级单体强风暴;在开封与商丘之间的露点锋(干线)作用下,发展起来的晴空边界辐合线触发新生对流并发展加强,与超级单体强风暴汇合成强飑线迅速东南移影响商丘地区;雷暴大风前商丘大片超折射回波预示该处有干暖盖存在,为飑线移到商丘爆发更为激烈的强对流天气提供了大量的不稳定能量;强飑线回波带上超级单体风暴和后来发展形成的弓形回波是造成商丘地区强天气的关键,雷暴大风发生在辐合线后侧,辐合线后侧具有典型的中尺度雷暴高压、中尺度低温中心、风场辐散等特征;强雷暴高压、高压前侧的强气压梯度以及强飑线的快速移动是宁陵、夏邑和永城等地有气象记录以来极端大风产生的直接原因。 相似文献
5.
使用常规观测资料、区域自动站资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、风廓线雷达产品以及GFS (Global Forecast System)0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,分析了2018年3月4日江西极端雷暴大风过程的中尺度特征及其成因,并探讨了该过程的极端性。结果表明:(1)该过程由强飑线横扫江西造成,飑前低压、飑锋、雷暴高压、尾流低压特征清晰。(2)飑线系统进入江西后强烈发展的有利环境条件:低层强暖湿平流、中层干空气、地面增温、低层增湿形成了"上干冷、下暖湿"异常不稳定层结;中层低槽东移、多层急流叠加、地面辐合线共同形成强抬升条件;中低层强的风垂直切变使得飑线生命史延长。(3)飑线与引导气流交角增大,移速异常加快;鄱阳湖地区平坦地形和丰富水汽都可能对地面大风产生增幅作用。(4)南昌站地面低压、下沉对流有效位能(DCAPE)、850 h Pa与500 hPa温度差、925—1 000 h Pa风垂直切变等物理量极端异常,与其多年旬平均差值超过2σ(σ为均方差),对极端雷暴大风潜势预报有一定的指示性。另外,风廓线雷达产品1.0 km以下大风速区提前雷暴大风30 min出现,高层折射率结构常数(C_n~2)大幅跃升提前雷暴大风10～20 min出现,均对其临近预警有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
6.
利用习水C波段双偏振雷达和常规气象观测资料对2021年5月9日发生在毕节的一次冰雹和雷暴大风强对流天气特征进行分析,结果表明：上干冷下暖湿层结使得毕节大气层结极不稳定,午后地面辐合线叠加露点锋抬升触发对流形成有组织性的多单体强风暴。反射率因子表现出典型强风暴型雷暴单体特征,有利于大冰雹的生成和发展。双偏振雷达参量ZDR和CC能有效识别降水粒子类型,其中已识别冰雹区中相关系数ρHV异常低值区能较好地反映出大冰雹或超大冰雹特征。阵风锋的出现以及风暴单体底层的冷池出流是百里杜鹃—黔西一线大风出现的主要原因,配合径向速度图上低层强气旋式辐合使得地面大风加强,造成黔西县出现极端破坏性大风天气。 相似文献
7.
叶东 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(5):44-52
利用6小时NCEP 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、常规观测资料和多普勒雷达资料等，对2018年6月13日发生在河南省北部地区的一次风雹天气过程进行诊断分析，结果表明：（1）此次强风雹天气发生在华北冷涡后部西北气流中，强天气发生前大气整层较为干燥，冷涡后部横槽南下，自上而下带来干冷空气，低层水汽辐合与午后地面高温共同作用，形成上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结；（2）地面辐合线和弱冷锋是此次风雹天气的触发机制；（3）对流单体在干侵入的一侧首先发展加强，随后在地面辐合线附近不断产生小的对流单体，对流单体合并后进一步加强，逐渐形成弓形回波带,大风出现在回波带前侧地面辐合线附近，冰雹出现在中气旋左侧区域;（4）对流单体的移动方向与地面辐合线一致，地面辐合线稳定少动有利于对流系统的增强，地面辐合线断裂后对流系统迅速减弱消亡。这些结论为强风雹短临预报预警提供了参考依据。 相似文献
8.
利用自动站加密观测资料、常规观测资料、NCEP资料以及FY2G、雷达资料,对发生于2016年4月22日的广西暖区飑线过程进行了中尺度分析。结果表明:(1)飑线移动快速(100km·h-1),主要引发湿对流天气(雷暴大风和短时强降雨);飑线过境前气压下降,过境时气温和露点骤降、气压涌升、风向突变、风速陡增,过境后气压再次下降;具有尾流低压、雷暴高压、飑锋和飑前低压等飑中系统特征。(2)此次暖区飑线是在500h Pa高空槽加深东移的大尺度背景下发生的,飑线A初始对流的触发与云贵准静止锋前的地面辐合线密切相关,飑线B初始对流则由红河与玉溪间的露点锋及其锋前西南风和东南风的辐合线所触发,对流触发后随高空槽和中层基本气流向东偏南方向移动发展,影响广西。(3)虽然没有冷锋伴随而下,此次暖区飑线依然是在较强的环境下维持,有较强垂直风切变、较高对流有效位能、层结曲线和露点曲线向上形成"喇叭"状配置(上干下湿对流不稳定);地面辐合线、边界层暖切对飑线的发展和维持有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
北京地区一次罕见的雷暴大风过程特征分析 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
分析了2006年6月24日北京地区一次罕见的瞬时极大风速超过32 m.s-1的雷暴大风事件。多普勒天气雷达观测表明,此次强雷暴大风与镶嵌在飑线回波带中的弓形回波相关。后侧入流急流促使飑线回波带南段快速移动并与其前面的新生单体合并加强形成弓形回波。深厚的中气旋、低层径向速度辐合和高层辐散等在构成弓形回波的强对流单体形成过程中起了重要的作用。根据雷达回波特征演变推断,这次雷暴大风直接由构成弓形回波的一个强对流单体内的下击暴流导致。使用微波辐射计和风廓线仪的观测资料揭示了上述强风暴发生的环境条件,即高的对流有效位能值、中等强度的风垂直切变,以及风切变的分布特征为飑线等的产生提供了有利条件。下沉对流有效位能和对流层低层环境大气温度直减率明显增加并接近干绝热,这对即将到来的下击暴流具有指示意义。 相似文献
10.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明:本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献