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1.
福州市PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10分布特征及与气象条件关系的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用福州市PM2.5、PM10和气象资料,分析PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10的分布特征及与气象条件的关系。结果表明:福州市细粒子污染程度较轻,春季PM2.5和PM2.5/PM10值均是四季中最高的,其次是冬季,夏季最低;影响PM2.5浓度出现高值的天气系统有:暖区辐合与高空槽前、大陆高压后部和暖区降水三种系统,其中暖区降水天气形势下的PM2.5平均浓度最高,超标率为25.5%;影响PM2.5浓度出现低值的天气系统有:冷高压脊、高压底部和高空槽后,副热带高压及边缘,台风(热带辐合带)及外围系统,在后两种天气系统影响下的PM2.5平均浓度最低,超标率为0;剔除因降水、雾等低能见度个例,PM2.5浓度与能见度的相关系数为-0.626,冬春季的相关系数是夏秋季的1.4倍;PM2.5浓度与单一气象要素(如温度、相对湿度、风速等)相关性不明显,但不同季节、不同气象要素变化的组合对PM2.5浓度有直接影响。 相似文献
2.
利用广州白云机场2005-2017年的大气能见度、相对湿度、风速、气温等要素的逐时观测资料,结合花都花东站2012-2017年PM2.5浓度的逐时观测数据,分析了近年来白云机场能见度的变化特征,探究了能见度与气象要素、大气污染物之间的关系。结果表明:2005-2017年白云机场能见度呈逐年增大趋势,低能见度出现次数总体呈减少趋势。2-4月是机场低能见度时期,7月能见度最大。能见度日变化显著,最低能见度通常出现在清晨,午后明显好转。白云机场能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5浓度呈负相关关系,与风速、气温成正相关关系,其中PM2.5浓度对能见度的影响最明显。当相对湿度小于80%时,能见度下降得较为缓慢;而当相对湿度超过80%时,能见度急剧降低。相对湿度越大,出现低能见度所需的PM2.5浓度值就越小。地面风速在0~4 m·s-1时,相对湿度越大,能见度随风速的增长趋势越显著。 相似文献
3.
武汉大气能见度与PM2.5浓度及相对湿度关系的非线性分析及能见度预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
武汉作为中部地区高湿度代表城市,大气污染严重,霾天气多发,但有关该地区大气能见度与PM2.5浓度及相对湿度(RH)的定量关系尚不明确。利用2014年9月—2015年3月武汉地区逐时能见度、相对湿度及颗粒物质量浓度观测数据,研究分析了武汉大气能见度与PM2.5浓度及相对湿度的关系,并进行能见度非线性预报初探,得到以下结论:武汉霾时数发生比例高,霾的发生和加重是能见度降低的主要原因;能见度降低伴随大量细粒子产生和累积,这是武汉大气能见度恶化的重要诱因。细颗粒物浓度与相对湿度共同影响和制约大气能见度变化,高湿高浓度时能见度显著下降,湿情景下(RH≥40%),能见度恶化主要是由湿度增高诱使细颗粒物粒径吸湿增长导致其散射效率增大造成的。当RH >90%时,能见度随湿度升高成线性递减,相对湿度每升高1%,武汉平均能见度降低0.568 km。而干情景下(RH2.5质量浓度升高。在城市大气细粒子污染背景下,能见度与相对湿度成非线性关系,这主要与PM2.5对能见度的影响及吸湿性颗粒物的散射效率变化有关。PM2.5浓度与能见度成幂函数非线性关系,80%≤RH2.5浓度对能见度的影响敏感阈值是随着湿度升高而减小的,干情景下能见度10 km对应的PM2.5浓度阈值为70 μg/m3,湿情景下该阈值为18—55 μg/m3。当PM2.5质量浓度低于约40 μg/m3时,继续降低PM2.5可显著提高武汉大气能见度。预报试验表明,基于神经网络方法建立大气能见度非线性预报模型是可行的,预报能见度相关系数为0.86,均方根误差为1.9 km,能见度≤10 km的TS评分为0.92。网络模型具有较高预报性能,对霾的判别有较高准确性,为衔接区域环境气象数值预报模式,建立大气能见度精细化动力统计模型提供参考依据。 相似文献
4.
利用重庆地区能见度及温、压、湿、风等气象资料和大气颗粒物浓度数据，对重庆能见度特征及其影响因子进行分析，采用神经网络方法建立能见度预报模型，分析比较了引入PM2.5浓度因子对预报模型的影响效果。发现：重庆地区能见度分布呈现西低东高以及长江沿线较低的分布特征；雾发生时的平均能见度低于降水时能见度也远低于剔除雨、雾后的能见度，表明低能见度受大气中水汽影响更大；雾在冬季比例明显增加，使得平均能见度在冬季明显降低，而6月和10月降水增多是导致这两个月平均能见度出现明显降低的重要原因；能见度日变化呈现单峰型，雾和降水高发时段与平均能见度低值区重叠，是造成夜间能见度低的一个重要原因；大气湿度、温度及颗粒物浓度都是影响能见度的重要因子，当相对湿度小于70%时能见度随PM2.5增加明显降低，当相对湿度大于70%时PM2.5对能见度的影响降低；在能见度的客观预报模型中引入PM2.5浓度因子的预报效果好于不引入该因子的效果，特别是秋冬季的预报效果改善明显。 相似文献
5.
一次重污染过程及其边界层气象特征量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2015,(5)
针对2013年12月14~25日出现的区域性重污染过程,采用Hysplit后推气团轨迹模式分析了污染形成源,利用污染中心邢台的探空、地面数据计算了大气稳定度、混合层高度、逆温等气象特征量,并对混合层高度、相对湿度、能见度与PM2.5浓度进行了相关分析。结果表明:此次重污染以局地排放为主要形成源,河北省中南部地区大气层结偏稳定,逆温层厚(平均230 m)、强度大(平均2.34℃/100 m)、混合层高度低(平均618 m)是影响污染程度的重要因素;PM2.5浓度与混合层高度呈现负相关(R=-0.80),与能见度呈指数相关(R=-0.77),与相对湿度呈弱的正相关(R=0.62)。 相似文献
6.
一次持续性雾霾天气过程的阶段性特征及影响因子分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用常规与非常规气象观测资料及PM2.5浓度监测资料,对2013年1月20~24日山西区域一次持续性雾霾天气过程进行分析。研究发现：（1）本次雾霾天气过程具有明显的阶段性特征。2013年1月20日14时至23日11时,由于相对湿度的变化导致了3次轻雾转大雾过程;23日14~20时,由于PM2.5浓度的增大经历了1次轻雾转霾的天气过程。（2）地面弱的气压场和较小的风速以及PM2.5浓度的上升和相对湿度的增大为本次持续性雾霾天气过程的形成和发展提供了有利条件。（3）边界层逆温的存在是雾霾低能见度过程形成的必要条件,边界层有逆温层而不出现雾霾天气的条件是：相对湿度〈50%,PM2.5日均值浓度〈75μg·m-3;逆温层下相对湿度的大小是区别雾和霾天气的指标。（4）相对湿度和PM2.5是决定能见度大小的关键因子,其对能见度的影响体现出明显的阶段性特征,当相对湿度〈90%时,PM2.5浓度对能见度的作用强于相对湿度,是影响能见度变化的主要因子,但随着相对湿度的增大,其对能见度的影响相对增强,当能见度降至1 km以下时,相对湿度成为影响能见度变化的主要因子。 相似文献
7.
为研究德州大气能见度与水汽和气溶胶的关系,利用2013年逐小时能见度、相对湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度资料,对三者与能见度的关系进行分析。结果表明：能见度与相对湿度的线性相关最好,与PM2.5浓度的相关性次之;随着相对湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度的增加,能见度明显降低。大气能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度非线性相关系数明显高于线性相关系数。利用PM2.5和PM10浓度和相对湿度数据计算得到了非线性大气能见度拟合公式,经验证,该公式能较好地模拟德州大气能见度。 相似文献
8.
针对2020年1月5—17日乌鲁木齐出现的重污染天气，利用乌鲁木齐的探空站资料和地面常规气象数据计算了最大混合层高度、平均风速、逆温特性、边界层通风量、能见度、相对湿度等，对最大混合层高度、能见度、相对湿度与PM2.5质量浓度进行了相关性分析，并利用Hysplit后向气团轨迹模式分析污染形成源。结果表明：此次重污染天气过程大气层结较为稳定，主要表现为逆温层厚(平均577 m)、逆温强度大(平均1.7℃/100 m)、最大混合层高度低(平均400 m)；边界层通风量对局地空气质量影响显著；PM2.5质量浓度与相对湿度呈弱的正相关，与能见度呈指数相关；Hysplit后向气团轨迹模式分析得出此次污染过程以局地排放为主要形成源。 相似文献
9.
《干旱气象》2016,(6)
利用浙江宁波7个县(市)区的能见度、雾、霾、风速、相对湿度等气象资料和细颗粒物PM_(2.5)浓度数据,运用统计分析、后向轨迹模拟及聚类分析等方法研究了宁波地区能见度的时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:1980—2013年,宁波地区能见度总体呈由西北到东南逐渐转好的空间分布特征,且中南部呈逐年下降态势,而北部则呈上升趋势,这与风速和相对湿度减少有关,但不同区域其主要影响因子存在差异。能见度和PM_(2.5)浓度均有明显的季节和日变化特征,且二者呈明显反位相,相关系数为-0.532,其中冬季PM_(2.5)浓度最高,能见度最低,夏季反之;13:00—17:00为PM_(2.5)浓度谷值、能见度峰值,01:00—08:00为PM_(2.5)浓度峰值、能见度谷值。气团输送轨迹分析表明,宁波地区共有来自5个方位的6类轨迹气团,其中西北方向的轨迹4对该区PM_(2.5)浓度影响最大,偏东方向的轨迹6对PM_(2.5)浓度影响最小,能见度最好,而对能见度影响最大的是来自西北方向的轨迹2和偏西方向的轨迹3。 相似文献
10.
利用北京市道面自动气象站、国家级自动气象站等多种观测数据分析北京地区2007—2015年能见度及其主要影响因子, 并挑选两次典型低能见度事件过程进行详细分析。从空间分布看, 北京西北地区能见度明显高于中心城区和东南大部地区。从时间分布看, 北京地区平均能见度最大值出现在5月, 最小值出现在7月; 日间的最低值多出现在06:00(北京时, 下同)左右, 冬季略向后推迟; 最高值多出现在16:00前后, 冬季略有提前。整体而言, 2007—2015年北京地区发生低能见度事件的概率为62.14%, 且发生低能见度的事件集中于1~5 km, 霾事件中干霾、湿霾的发生频率分别为86.13%和13.87%。能见度的主要影响因子为相对湿度、风速和PM2.5浓度。其中, 能见度与风速呈正相关, 与相对湿度和PM2.5浓度呈反相关。需要指出的是, 当相对湿度增加至80%, 能见度受PM2.5浓度的影响程度在下降, 而主要受相对湿度的影响。基于所选个例, 当北京地区出现湿霾事件时, 能见度的恶化程度远高于干霾事件, 且PM2.5浓度需比干霾事件时下降得更低才能有效改善能见度。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献