共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
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北京市人工增雨效果评估方法分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
用序列试验法、回归分析法、双比分析法和区域回归数值模拟试验方案4种效果评估方法对北京地区2001~2004年6~9月的37次火箭、高炮催化作业进行效果评估,并比较各种方法的优缺点。结果表明:①这4种方案统计结果均得到显著的增雨效果,平均增雨分别为:用序列试验的方法6.99%,用回归分析法30.68%,双比分析法20.11%,区域回归数值模拟试验方案13.37%。②误差分析表明,区域回归数值模拟试验方案产生的绝对误差仅为2.1%~2.2%,是一种较科学的评价方法。 相似文献
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非随机化人工增雨作业功效数值分析和效果评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用自然复随机化方法对北京市人工增雨作业非随机化试验进行功效数值分析.结果表明不同统计检验方案功效差别较大,序列试验功效最差,当作业样本数较多时对比试验功效较高,其次为区域历史回归试验和双比分析方案,当作业样本数较少时区域历史回归试验功效比其他两种方案更高.功效与增雨效果、历史样本数、作业样本数都有关系,当作业样本数或历史样本数增多时,功效都会增大,但是增大的程度会随着样本数目的增多而趋缓.分类统计不一定可以提高检验功效值,要采用分类统计方案首先就要保证分类后的作业样本数下的功效值大于合并后作业样本数下的功效值.在综合分析影响功效的各种因素基础上选择区域对比试验、双比分析和区域历史回归试验对北京市2002～2007年人工增雨作业进行效果总评价,结果均表明相对增雨效果在10％左右,采用复随机化方案进行显著度检验,结果表明3种方案下显著度水平均达0.05. 相似文献
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新疆中天山山区人工降水效果检验方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种评价人工增水效果的区域控制模拟试验方案，并用在新疆中天山山区，以径流量作为统计参量，对各种非随机化人工增水效果评价方案的客观性进行了分析。结果表明，该方案所产生的假效果，不仅小于其它各种非随机化评价方案，而且远小于人工播云可能产生的增雨效果。 相似文献
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MM5模式中积云参数化方案在西南地区适应性的进一步试验分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
何光碧 《高原山地气象研究》2009,29(3):12-19
针对四川盆地4次暴雨过程,利用MM5中尺度数值模式,进行了Grell和Kuo对流参数化方案及两重区域采用不同方案组合的数值试验,分析了不同试验对降水的模拟能力。结果表明,不同试验方案在降水落区、强度、演变及降水性质分配上存在一定程度的差异。细网格区域降水强度及落区主要由本区域所采用的积云参数化方案所决定。模式采用Kuo方案预报的雨区少动,主要降水落区偏西、偏南,降水强度偏弱,采用Grell方案与粗网格采用Kuo方案而细网格采用Grell方案预报结果接近,能够较好地预报雨区东移,降水强度预报更接近实况。Kuo方案以对流降水为主,Grell方案模拟的以非对流降水与对流降水两种性质降水各占一定比例,有小幅度变化,可能更能反映实际降水性质。过程分析结合统计检验表明,两重区域均采用Grell方案预报效果相对较好。同时也看到,没有哪种对流参数化方案是完备的。发展具有区域特色的对流参数方案有着重要和实际意义。 相似文献
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数值模式越来越多地应用于人工影响天气业务工作中。文中着眼北京地区人工影响天气业务对数值模式预报的需求,结合地基作业的特点,初步进行了碘化银（AgI）冷云催化数值模式在人工影响天气业务中的应用试验。试验采用同化了多种观测资料的北京睿图快速更新和多尺度分析预报系统-临近子系统（RMAPS-ST,Rapid-refresh Multi-scale Analysis and Prediction System-Short Term）的预报结果做为初始场,运用耦合了冷云催化模块的中尺度数值模式WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting Model）进行冷云催化数值试验,催化模块添加在Morrison双参数微物理方案中,考虑了水汽在人工冰核上的凝华核化、凝结冻结和接触冻结核化过程,模拟范围覆盖北京地区所有的地面作业站点以及华北人工影响天气飞机作业区域。业务试验包括运行对照试验以判定具有催化潜力的地基作业站点及催化信息、进行预催化模拟和实际作业后的催化模拟。个例应用显示,冷云催化数值模式的业务试验可以预判未来一定时段内人工影响天气相关物理量场的变化及作业效果,可为前期人工影响天气地面作业方案的制定提供参考,后期可进行实际作业信息输入进行催化模拟,对比验证与分析可以改进和优化流程算法,不断提升制定地面作业方案的科技水平。 相似文献
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本文通过对1975—1983年福建省古田水库流域人工降雨区域随机回归试验资料的分析,探讨降水自然变异对人工降水效果统计检验的影响。 分析表明:人工降水效果统计受降水自然变异的影响,这种影响随着试验样本的增大而减小,只有在样本容量无限大时,才可把这种影响视作“偶然误差”。在人工降雨试验中,检出催化效果的概率都是随着样本容量和增雨效果增大而增大,在本试验中,如增雨效果要达到20—30％,在检出率为90％条件下,估计要250个样本。 相似文献
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聚类分析在人工增雨效果检验中的应用 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
在前人研究工作的基础上，对非随机区域历史回归试验进行了改进，提出了一种新的试验方案——基于聚类的浮动对比区历史回归人工增雨效果统计检验方法（CA-FCM方法），并与浮动对比区历史回归统计检验方法（FCM方法）进行了比较。通过对河南省春季6次作业进行评估得出：由于CA—FCM方法采用了聚类分析，提高了对比区和影响区的相关系数，及引入了整层大气可降水量作为协变量，所以提高了作业区自然降水量估计值的准确性，比FCM方法有更高的效果评估效率。 相似文献
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Application of Radar Reflectivity Factor in Initializing Cloud-Resolving Mesoscale Model. Part Ⅱ： Numerical Simulation Experiments 
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下载免费PDF全文 Microphysics elements and vertical velocity retrieved were incorporated using the nudging method into the initial data assimilation of GRAPES （Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System） model. Simulation experiments indicated that nudging technique was effective in forcing the model forecast gradually consistent to the observations, yielding the thermodynamically and dynamically balanced analysis field. As viewed from the simulation results, water vapor is vital to precipitation, and it is a governing factor for the amount and duration of precipitation. The initial cloud water, rain water, and vertical velocity determine the strength distribution of convection and precipitation at the beginning time of forecast; the horizontal wind field steers the motion of the mesoscale weather system embedded in and impacts the position of precipitation zone to a large extent. The simulation experiments show that the influence of the initial retrieval data on prediction weakens with the increase of forecast time, and within the first hour of forecast, the retrieval data have an important impact on the evolution of the weather system, but its influence becomes trivial after the first three hours. Changing the nudging coefficient and the integral time-spacing of numerical model will bring some influences to the results. Herein only one radar reflectivity was used, the radar observations did not cover the whole model domain, and some empirical parameters were used in the retrieval method, therefore some differences still lie between simulation and observation to a certain extent, and further studies on several aspects are expected. 相似文献
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Application of Radar Reflectivity Factor in Initializing Cloud-Resolving Mesoscale Model. Part Ⅱ: Numerical Simulation Experiments 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Microphysics elements and vertical velocity retrieved were incorporated using the nudging method into the initial data assimilation of GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) model.Simulation experiments indicated that nudging technique was effective in forcing the model forecast gradually consistent to the observations, yielding the thermodynamically and dynamically balanced analysis field. As viewed from the simulation results, water vapor is vital to precipitation, and it is a governing factor for the amount and duration of precipitation. The initial cloud water, rain water, and vertical velocity determine the strength distribution of convection and precipitation at the beginning time of forecast; the horizontal wind field steers the motion of the mesoscale weather system embedded in and impacts the position of precipitation zone to a large extent. The simulation experiments show that the influence of the initial retrieval data on prediction weakens with the increase of forecast time, and within the first hour of forecast, the retrieval data have an important impact on the evolution of the weather system, but its influence becomes trivial after the first three hours. Changing the nudging coefficient and the integral time-spacing of numerical model will bring some influences to the results. Herein only one radar reflectivity was used, the radar observations did not cover the whole model domain, and some empirical parameters were used in the retrieval method, therefore some differences still lie between simulation and observation to a certain extent, and further studies on several aspects are expected. 相似文献
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Based on a 10-year simulation of six Regional Climate Models(RCMs) in phase II of the Regional Climate Model Inter-Comparison Project(RMIP) for Asia,the multivariate statistical method of common principal components(CPCs) is used to analyze and compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation simulated by multi-RCMs over China,including the mean climate states and their seasonal transition,the spatial distribution of interannual variability,and the interannual variation.CPC is an effective statistical tool for analyzing the results of different models.Compared with traditional statistical methods,CPC analyses provide a more complete statistical picture for observation and simulation results.The results of CPC analyses show that the climatological means and the characteristics of seasonal transition over China can be accurately simulated by RCMs.However,large biases exist in the interannual variation in certain years or for individual models. 相似文献
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RegCM3模式对青藏高原温度和降水的模拟及检验 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了检验RegCM3区域气候模式对青藏高原地区的模拟能力,利用NCEP再分析资料和观测站点资料,采用三种不同的对流参数化方案,对青藏高原地区2006年夏季进行了模拟分析,并重点对温度和降水进行了细致的检验。结果表明：模式能较好地再现青藏高原地区大尺度的环流特征,具有对青藏高原地区的温度和降水分布特征的模拟能力;对于量值的模拟,三种对流参数化方案均模拟出了与实况温度一致的变化趋势,但均存在5~6 ℃的冷偏差;Grell方案模拟的降水量均大于实况,Kuo-Anthes方案对于高原地区的降水量的模拟较为接近于实况,但模式对降水量的模拟能力仍有待进一步提高。 相似文献
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On the role of resolution and topography in the simulation of East Asia precipitation 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Xuejie Gao Ying Xu Zongci Zhao J. S. Pal F. Giorgi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,86(1-4):173-185
Summary In this paper, we investigate the role that horizontal resolution plays in the simulation of East Asia precipitation. Two
sets of numerical experiments are performed using the Regional Climate Model (RegCM2) nested in one-way mode within the CSIRO
global coupled atmosphere-ocean model. In the first set we use the actual RegCM2 topography at the selected model resolutions,
which are 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 km. In the second set of the experiments, the same coarse CSIRO model topography
is used in all simulations using the different resolutions of the first set. The results demonstrate that the simulation of
East Asian precipitation improves as the horizontal resolution is increased. Moreover, it is shown that the simulations using
a higher resolution along with the coarse CSIRO topography perform better than the simulations using a coarser model resolution
with corresponding model topography. This suggests that over East Asia adequate spatial resolution to resolve the physical
and dynamical processes is more important than topography. Lastly, the results indicate that model resolutions of 60 km or
higher are needed to accurately simulate the distribution of precipitation over China and East Asia. 相似文献
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Numerical Experiments on the Spin-up Time for Seasonal-Scale Regional Climate Modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,the numerical experiments on the issue of spin-up time for seasonal-scale regional climate modeling were conducted with the newly Regional Climate Model (RegCM3),in the case of the abnormal climate event during the summer of 1998 in China.To test the effect of spin-up time on the regional climate simulation results for such abnormal climate event,a total of 11 experiments were performed with different spin-up time from 10 days to 6 months,respectively.The simulation results show that,for the meteorological variables in the atmosphere,the model would be running in"climate mode"after 4-8-day spin-up time,then, it is independent of the spin-up time basically,and the simulation errors are mainly caused by the model's failure in describing the atmospheric processes over the model domain.This verifies again that the regional climate modeling is indeed a lateral boundary condition problem as demonstrated by earlier research work. The simulated mean precipitation rate over each subregion is not sensitive to the spin-up time,but the precipitation scenario is somewhat different for the experiment with different spin-up time,which shows that there exists the uncertainty in the simulation to precipitation scenario,and such a uncertainty exhibits more over the areas where heavy rainfall happened.Generally,for monthly-scale precipitation simulation,a spin-up time of 1 month is enough,whereas a spin-up time of 2 months is better for seasonal-scale one. Furthermore,the relationship between the precipitation simulation error and the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon was analyzed.It is found that the variability of correlation coefficient for precipitation is more significant over the areas where the summer monsoon is predominant.Therefore,the model's capability in reproducing precipitation features is related to the heavy rainfall processes associated with the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon,which suggests that it is necessary to develop a more reliable parameterization scheme to capture the convective precipitation of heavy rainfall pro- cesses associated with the activities of East Asian summer monsoon,so as to improve the climate modeling over China. 相似文献
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暴雨预报是一个既重要又十分困难的问题。水汽条件是产生暴雨的关键，水汽的平流输送在模式的水汽方程中占有重要地位，模式对暴雨的预报能力必然涉及到水汽输送的计算精度问题；本文以著名的中尺度模式ＭＭ４为基础，理论测试和分析为依据，以引入新的正定高精度水汽输送算法作为消除模式水汽负值和改进中尺度模式预报能力的途径，研制了取名为改进的ＭＭ４中尺度模式，该模式除仍保留原ＭＭ４模式的所有功能外，增加了５种水汽输送算法的改进与选择，这５种算法是：１）Ｂ网格二阶守恒中心差（原ＭＭ４平流格式），２）上游差分，３）Ｂｏｔ（２阶），４）Ｂｏｔ（４阶），５）Ｐｒａｔｈｅｒ格式。多个暴雨、台风个例试验表明模式预报能力对水汽输送算法精度有显著的依赖性，采用高精度的水汽输送算法水汽保证正值并提高了模式对暴雨区、降水结构、雨团活动的预报能力。改进水汽输送算法的精度是提高中尺度模式对暴雨预报能力的重要途径。 相似文献
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YU Zhenshou XU Wenming JI Chunxiao ZHAO Fang LOU Liyin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(4):500-511
Using the high-resolution non-hydrostatic model ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System),the Typhoon Rananim (0414) was simulated by using the CINRAD Doppler radar data.The results before and after typhoon landfall show that model ARPS performs well to simulate the track,the variation of center pressure,as well as severe heavy rain of Rananim.Meanwhile,the simulated composite reflectivity was compared with the observed radar composite reflectivity.The numerical results reveal that the asymmetrical structure of Rananim plays an important role in its westward deflecting after landfall.The sensitivity simulation experiments of terrain effects on Rananim (0414) were also investigated,and the terrain of the southeastern China has important effects on Rananim turning right slightly of its track and increasing its intensity obviously,but when typhoon is far away from the coastline,the terrain only impacts slightly on the storm intensity during its landfall.The results show that topographic lifting contributes greatly to precipitation enhancement,and makes the distribution of precipitation more uneven. 相似文献
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季节尺度区域气候模拟适应调整时间选取问题的数值试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中利用区域气候模式RegCM3,以1998年夏季中国异常气候事件为例,对季节尺度区域气候模拟适应调整时间的选取问题进行了数值研究。共做了11个试验,每个试验的适应调整时间最短为10 d,最长为6个月,以检验适应调整时间长短对夏季中国异常气候事件模拟结果的影响。结果表明:对于大气变量而言,模式通常在经过4—8 d的适应调整时间后,就进入"气候模态"运行,此后模拟误差主要是由于模式对区域内大气过程描述能力不足造成的,对适应调整时间选取不再敏感,这进一步证实了区域气候模拟是一个边值问题的观点。各气候区平均降水量模拟结果受适应调整时间影响也不大,但不同的适应调整时间对降水分布格局模拟将产生一定影响,降水分布模拟结果随适应调整时间的不同存在一定的不确定性,这种不确定性通常出现在强降水发生区域。总之,对于季节尺度降水模拟,适应调整时间大于2个月效果更好。对降水分布格局模拟误差和东亚夏季风系统进退过程之间关系的进一步分析发现,模式对受夏季风系统影响比较大的区域模拟的降水相关系数变化性也比较大,因此,发展合适的积云对流参数化方案以提高受夏季风系统直接影响区域强降水过程的描述能力是改进区域气候模式对中国区域夏季气候模拟效果的有效途径。 相似文献