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本文利用MICAPS4.1平台上的高空、地面、智能网格预报、集合预报等数值预报产品,对2018年10月26-28日发生在黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的一次区域性暴雪天气过程形成机制进行探讨。结果表明:高空槽后强冷空气与槽前西南暖湿气流在大兴安岭上空交汇,导致暖锋锋生,地面暖锋与低空暖式切变相互作用形成暴雪天气。暴雪的主要触发系统就是超极地冷空气促使高空槽强烈发展切涡,≥20m·s^-1的西南低空急流作为水汽输送带,为暴雪区提供了充足的水汽来源;垂直上升运动中心和散度辐合辐散中心耦合且加强,为暴雪提供了强有力的动力抬升条件,有利于上升运动的增强发展。智能网格预报产品对这次大兴安岭暴雪天气的落区、降水量级以及强降雪的时段,都预报的比较准确。 相似文献
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利用卫星云图、 多普勒天气雷达资料、 常规观测资料和MM5模式模拟结果, 分析了2005年12月4日典型冷涡造成山东半岛暴雪的云带变化、 对流单体的生成与发展、 低空急流特征及雷达强回波带的变化特征。结果表明： 冬季冷涡携带强冷空气南下, 经过渤海暖湿下垫面后影响山东半岛时, 卫星云图上从渤海到山东半岛可以清楚地分析出造成暴雪的西南-东北向结构特征的横向云带; 雷达图上, 在渤海到山东半岛形成一强降雪回波带, PPI径向速度图上可清楚地分析出暴雪区的低空急流和中尺度对流的低空辐合, 雷达径向速度垂直剖面反映暴雪产生在零速度线附近和低空急流的存在; MM5模式模拟结果显示： 暴雪发生时山东半岛在1.5 km存在低空急流, 水平风的时间-高度垂直剖面反映暴雪发生时干冷空气经过暖湿的渤海海面在700 hPa以下出现暖平流, 垂直上升运动和散度的低层辐合、 高层辐散与雷达图像反映的强降雪回波是相对应的。 相似文献
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利用ERA-Interim再分析资料、常规气象观测资料、CMORPH（CPC MORPHing technique）融合降水资料以及WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）高分辨率数值模拟结果,对2017年7月13～14日吉林地区的极端降水天气过程的环流背景和触发机制进行了分析。结果表明:（1）东北冷涡环流控制下,副高北抬与中纬度锋区形成了有利的大尺度环流背景。降水发生在冷涡底部与副高之间的平直纬向环流中,东北冷涡南部的低槽、低空切变线、高低空急流是影响此次降水的重要天气系统;（2）在高层辐散低层辐合的有利动力条件下,极端的水汽输送与吉林地区西低东高地形的阻挡和强迫抬升是极端降水产生的重要原因;（3）中高层有干冷空气入侵,伴随高空动量下传至低空,加强了低空急流发展,低空急流发展至地面附近产生超低空急流后,加强了上升运动。南北经向动量输送交汇加强了低层风辐合切变,切变线上对流发展与永吉附近小地形的抬升作用,诱导永吉县产生极端降水。 相似文献
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文章利用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°逐6h再分析资料,对2015年4月4—5日发生在内蒙古东北部的大到暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)大到暴雪天气过程的主要环流背景条件是乌拉尔山阻塞高压和鄂霍次克海冷涡,而低空急流、切变线、地面气旋是大到暴雪的主要触发机制;(2)高低层散度的有利配置及高低空急流的耦合作用是该次过程的动力原因;(3)充足的水汽条件和不稳定能量的积累以及高空西风急流、低层南风急流和东风急流的共同作用是该次暴雪产生的根本原因;(4)近地面东风的加强,促进了低层的辐合或抬升,有助于垂直风切变加强和上升运动发展,对降水的加强有指示意义。 相似文献
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2009年新疆一次入冬转折性天气分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用常规观测资料、数值预报产品和NCEP全球再分析网格资料(1。×1。),对2009年11月5—11日新疆一次入冬转折性天气过程进行天气总结和诊断分析。结果表明乌拉尔山脊和深厚的西西伯利亚超长波槽的稳定维持、发展,不断增强的北风带引导极地冷空气向南爆发是本次天气主要的大尺度环流特征。冷空气主要来自于极地和西西伯利亚大陆,水汽来自于西南方向上的中亚地区,冷暖空气在北疆北部快速集中为大降水提供了充足的水汽和辐合上升运动。暴雪天气区动力结构清晰,散度场遵循高层辐散、低层辐合的经典配置;暴雪区整层大气都为垂直速度上升区,有强烈的上升运动;高空急流耦合的次级环流和中低层的低空急流加强了暴雪区的上升运动,强降雪落区位于高空急流入口区的右侧和低空急流的北侧。 相似文献
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利用常规资料、NCEP/GFS(0.5°×0.5°)再分析资料,结合EC细网格(0.25°×0.25°)客观分析及乌鲁木齐风廓线雷达等资料,分析了乌鲁木齐2014年12月8日极端暴雪中尺度成因及演变特点。结果表明:暴雪是在低空西北急流与中高层西南急流叠加并维持的有利环流背景下,由700hPa至地面的风切变、风速辐合、地面冷锋及地形强迫抬升等中小尺度系统共同作用造成的。降雪前期乌鲁木齐近地层有较强的逆温、风场扰动及低层东南急流,干暖盖起到了储蓄和积累能量的作用,而强降雪时冷暖空气在山前交汇,促进了斜压不稳定增长。低空西北急流对乌鲁木齐强降雪起到动力触发作用,地形强迫抬升使迎风坡维持强的垂直上升运动和中β尺度次级环流圈,低层强水汽辐合的维持为暴雪提供了充足的水汽,乌鲁木齐特殊地形对暴雪增幅作用明显。风廓线雷达资料表明降雪前后低层东南风与西北风切变明显,强降雪时段雷达探测高度达到最高,低层较强偏北风与C2n大值区相对应,水平风向风速的垂直变化对暴雪短临预报有很好的参考价值。 相似文献
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山西省秋季罕见大暴雪天气过程诊断 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对2009年11月10～12日山西省出现的特大暴雪的环流背景、前期高空环流形势、地面影响系统、水汽条件、动力条件及云图演变等方面进行了诊断分析。结果表明:①这次极端天气事件发生在10月下旬到11月上旬北半球环流呈现明显高指数特征,全国大部分地区异常偏暖的背景下,暴雪伴随剧烈降温天气;②300hPa辐散使得对流层上层具备强烈抽吸条件是造成强降水的重要环境因素。这种低层辐合和高层辐散配置导致的强垂直上升运动是暴雪形成的动力机制;③500hPa河套小槽引导西路冷空气东移与极涡尾部的东路冷空气叠加,低层及地面的倒槽区有辐合上升气流,与锋面和高空槽、切变线配合,为降雪区提供有利的抬升条件,是造成此次暴雪的主要原因;④1500m高空有2支低空急流存在,一支是较强的东风湿急流,一支是偏南风急流,低空南风和东风急流向暴雪区提供了丰沛的水汽,低层850hPa强的水汽辐合、强的上升运动为这次暴雪天气提供了水汽和动力条件;⑤FY-2C卫星红外云图分析,这次强降水山西受到3个对流云团的影响,3个中尺度对流云团形成和消亡的时间大致间隔8～10h,对流云团的不断生成和发展是这次强降雪天气得以长时间持续。 相似文献
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东北冷涡背景下浙江省两次强降水过程的对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
受东北冷涡西南部冷空气南下影响,2009年6月初浙江省连续发生了两次不同特点的强降水过程。利用常规气象观测资料、自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料及卫星TBB资料,对这两次东北冷涡背景下的强降水天气过程的大尺度环流背景和动力、热力及水汽输送条件进行对比分析。结果表明：同在东北冷涡天气背景下,由于中低层温度场配置不同、上下游系统强弱不同,导致浙江省发生的天气现象不同。6月2日降水是一次连续的区域性暴雨过程,雨带呈带状分布,以层状云降水为主,其低层为大范围的辐合,高层辐散,且低层辐合强于高层辐散;低空存在西南急流,为暴雨提供了重要的水汽和动力条件,大气层结比较稳定。6月5日强降水是一次强对流天气过程,降水分布不均匀,强度大,历时短,高、低空没有大范围的辐合辐散区,也没有低空西南急流,前期水汽条件较差,降水过程以热力作用为主;大气层结不稳定触发了强对流天气的发生,出现局地暴雨。两类暴雨的预报着眼点分别为：第1类区域性暴雨的预报重点为高层辐散、低层辐合结构和低空西南急流;第2类局地性暴雨的预报重点为大气的不稳定度与东北冷涡后部冷空气的干侵入。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献