共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Summary Numerical experiments are performed for inviscid flow past an idealized topography to investigate the formation and development of lee mesolows, mesovortices and mesocyclones. For a nonrotating, low-Froude number flow over a bell-shaped moutain, a pair of mesovortices form on the lee slope move downstream and weaken at later times. The advection speed of the lee vortices is found to be about two-thirds of the basic wind velocity, which is due to the existence of a reversed pressure gradient just upstream of the vortices. The lee vortices do not concur with the upstream stagnation point in time, but rather form at a later time. It is found that a pair of lee vortices form for a flow withFr=0.66, but take a longer time to form than in lower-Froude number flows. Since the lee vortices are formed rather progressively, their formation may be explained by the baroclinically-induced vorticity tilting as the mountain waves become more and more nonlinear.A stationary mesohigh and mesolow pressure couplet forms across the mountain and is produced in both high and low-Froude number flows. The results of the high Froude number simulations agree well with the classical results predicted by linear, hydrostatic mountain wave theory. It is found that the lee mesolow is not necessarily colocated with the lee vortices. The mesolow is formed by the downslope wind associated with the orographically forced gravity waves through adiabatic warming. The earth's rotation acts to strengthen (weaken) the cyclonic (anticyclonic) vortex and shifts the lee mesolow to the right for an observer facing downstream. The cyclonic vortex then develops into a mesocyclone with the addition of planetary vorticity at later times. For a flow over a steeper mountain, the disturbance is stronger even though the Froude number is kept the same.For a southwesterly flow past the real topography of Taiwan, there is no stagnation point or lee vortices formed because the impinging angle of the flow is small. A major mesoscale low forms to the southeast of the Central Mountain Range (CMR), while a mesohigh forms upstream. For a westerly flow past Taiwan, a stagnation point forms upstream of the mountain and a pair of vortices form on the lee and move downstream at later times. The cyclonic vortex then develops into a mesocyclone. A mesolow also forms to the southeast of Taiwan. For a northeasterly flow past Taiwan, the mesolow forms to the northwest of the mountain. Similar to flows over idealized topographies, the Taiwan mesolow is formed by the downslope wind associated with mountain waves through adiabatic warming. A conceptual model of the Taiwan southeast mesolow and mesocyclone is proposed.With 16 Figures 相似文献
2.
3.
U. Dayan B. Ziv A. Margalit E. Morin D. Sharon 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2001,69(1-2):103-122
Summary At times, a pronounced trough of low barometric pressure extends from equatorial Africa northward, over the Red Sea and the
eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e., the Red Sea Trough. The associated weather is usually hot and dry, and consequently
the atmosphere becomes conditionally unstable. In cases in which additional moisture is supplied and dynamic conditions become
supportive, as the case analyzed here, intense thunderstorms occur, with extreme rain rates, hail and floods.
The storm herein analyzed caused extensive damage both in casualties and property and evolved in two main consecutive phases:
In the first a Mesoscale Convective System that moved from Sinai northward over Israel dominated, and in the second deep convection
was organized mainly along a cold front.
Data analysis indicates several synoptic-scale factors that had a supportive effect on the storm formation and intensification:
Conditional instability established by the Red Sea trough, mid-level moisture transport from Northern Africa, and upper-level
divergence imparted by both polar and subtropical jet streams over the Middle-East.
Mesoscale features were further investigated by means of a hydro-meteorological observational analysis with high spatio-temporal
resolution using raingauge and radar data, and satellite imagery. It is shown that local factors, particularly topographic
effects, play a major role in the evolution, intensity and spatial organization of the convective activity.
Our findings support results of a numerical study of another autumn rainstorm associated with the Red Sea trough. In the present
case we identify an additional contributing factor, i.e., a mid-latitude upper-level trough that further intensified the storm
as it was approaching the Middle-East.
Received July 4, 2000 Revised January 16, 2001 相似文献
4.
NUMERICAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF THE QINGHAIXIZANG PLATEAU ON FORMATION OF THE URAL BLOCKING HIGH 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By employing the improved T42L5 spectral model and utilizing the ECMWF data covering the period from 1 Julyto 7 July 1982,a numerical research on the formation of the Ural blocking system has been made.The results show thatthe model forecasts for the upstream U ral area turn out to be worse if the dynamic effect of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateauis not considered.The correlation coefficient between the model forecasts and observed 500 hPa geopotential heightanomaly decreases by 9% for the 5-day mean,and their averaged root mean square (RMS) error increases 15 m.Due tothe dynamic effect of the Plateau,the trough being on the northwest of the Plateau is barricaded and turns to be atransversal trough.Consequently southwest flow occurs along the northwest of the Plateau in front of the trough,whilenortheast flow prevails over the west of the trough,causing the formation of the blocking high over the Ural area.Whenthe dynamic effect of the Plateau is not taken into consideration,the trough develops and moves southeastward and theUral blocking high changes into a migratory high.All these result in the failure of the simulation.The dynamic effect ofthe Plateau helps to increase the negative vorticities over the Plateau and its north periphery as well as the Ural area,andalso helps to increase the positive vorticities over the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea area.On the other hand,thethermodynamic effect mainly influences the Plateau and its downstream area and plays an less important role in theformation of the blocking high over the upstream Ural area. 相似文献
5.
Summary Laboratory experiments concerning the interaction of a mechanically driven, uniform shear, zonal, westerly flow superimposed on a three-wave pattern, including cut-off lows, with models of Greenland, the Rocky Mountains and Tibet are conducted. The modeling criteria considered are the matching of the Rossby, Burger and Ekman numbers as well as a number of geometrical parameters. The -effect has not been modeled.The model demonstrates the variation in strength of cut-off lows as they advect over and/or around the model mountains. For example, the low upwind of the Rocky Mountains weakens on approaching the mountains, transforming to a trough in passing over the model and then strengthening again in the lee. The model also shows the influence of the mountains in blocking the lows upstream and then having them accelerate as they advect over the topography.The experiments show how mother cut-off lows approaching the Rocky Mountains can develop daughter troughs/cut-off lows in the lee and further how these mother/daughters coalesce again in the lee. Finally the experiments demonstrate the effects of a cut-off low being advected from west to east past and to the north of the Tibetan Plateau. The process first develops a closed anticyclone in the southeastern region of the Tibetan Plateau. This anticyclone is later replaced by a trough and then a cut-off low. The experiments, generally, demonstrate a number of phenomena observed in the real atmosphere.With 12 Figures 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTA detailed analysis is performed on an inland-penetrating atmospheric river (AR) driven by and coupled to a Colorado cyclone in the first week of February 2016. This winter weather system was initiated by a trough of low pressure moving across the Rocky Mountains from the California coast. The low-level jet ahead of the trough was capable of extracting water vapour from the Gulf of Mexico to feed a cyclone on the lee side of the Rocky Mountaains, and the jet stream eventually transformed into a powerful AR. The warm, moist flow from the south produced a narrow band of heavy precipitation along the major axis of the AR across the central and eastern United States and generated significant freezing rain in parts of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada as the AR flowed over the warm front. It is suggested that, in an operational weather forecasting and warning environment, ARs can be easily identified by using the vertically integrated horizontal water vapour transport, and the major AR contribution to heavy precipitation can be estimated from the horizontal moisture convergence. It is demonstrated that the AR analysis in this case can assist operational meteorologists in understanding and conceptualizing winter storm development and the associated high-impact weather pattern. The operational predictability of this winter storm and its possible teleconnection with the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) are also investigated. Our lagged composite analysis reveals that a statistically significant increase in water vapour transport from the Gulf of Mexico over the North American continent could occur about 10–20 days after the MJO-related convection anomaly reaches the tropical Indian Ocean. 相似文献
7.
Summary The study provides a concise and synthesized documentation of the current level of skill of the operational NWP model of India
Meteorological Department based on daily 24 hours forecast run of the model during two normal monsoon years 2001 and 2003
making detailed inter-comparison with daily rainfall analysis from the use of high dense land rain gauge observations. The
study shows that the model, in general, is able to capture three regions of climatologically heavy rainfall domains along
Western Ghats, Northeast India and over east central India, over the domain of monsoon trough. However, the accuracy in prediction
of location and magnitude of rainfall fluctuates considerably. The inter-comparison reveals that performance of the model
rainfall forecast deteriorated in 2003 when rainfall over most parts of the region was significantly under-predicted. These
features are also reflected in the error statistics. The study suggests that there is a need to maximize the data ingest in
the model with a better data assimilation scheme to improve the rainfall forecast skill. 相似文献
8.
Summary Regional and local scale windfield and air mass characteristics during two distinct synoptic foehn wind events over southern New Zealand are examined. The Southern Alps were observed to effectively block low level onshore gradient northwesterly airflow and to channel it through both Cook and Foveaux Straits. Blocking of the onshore synoptic northwesterly airstream also resulted in barrier jet formation along the western slopes of the Southern Alps. This feature of the regional windfield has not previously been documented and develops during favourable conditions to a height of between 1500 to 1800 m above sea level. In the immediate lee of the Southern Alps at Lake Tekapo, classic foehn conditions such as warm ambient air temperatures, low relative humidities and gusty winds were monitored throughout both foehn events examined. Differences in the local windfield were however observed, which reflect the importance of local topography on lee side windfield dynamics during foehn events. Spillover of precipitation to the lee of the mountains was monitored in the latter stages of each case study and appeared to be associated with the passage of the cold front over the Southern Alps. Observations made by this investigation have a number of applied and theoretical implications with respect to meso-scale modelling, orographic rainfall distribution and forecasting.With 12 Figures 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP1°×1°6 h再分析资料,对副热带高压与西风槽典型环流形势配合下发生的一次四川区域性暴雨过程的不同阶段进行对比分析。结果表明,前期暴雨天气过程,其动力条件占到了主导地位,具有明显的经向垂直环流圈和垂直上升运动支,而在副高断裂后较强冷空气作用下,在副高边缘发生的区域性暴雨过程受西风带槽前的能量锋区影响,动力强迫作用和热力强迫作用激发的次级环流,进一步加强了四川盆地垂直运动的发展;冷空气作用前期的暴雨过程和冷空气进入后副高边缘发生的区域性暴雨过程中暴雨区域内的假相当位温均强于高层,大气处于对流性不稳定层结状态,对四川盆地暴雨的增强也起了不可忽视的作用,但由副高控制到副高逐渐断裂,湿位涡的斜压扰动是逐渐增强的过程,导致倾斜垂直涡度发展,激发更为强烈的上升运动;副高与西风槽环流形势相配合的暖区暴雨过程水汽主要来自中低层孟加拉湾;而副高断裂后发生在副高边缘的区域性暴雨过程,水汽主要来自850hPa层南海和孟加拉湾,从对流层中到低层,四川盆地东部恰恰是冷暖气流的交汇处,偏南气流将海上充沛的水汽输送到盆地东部,为暴雨的发生提供充足的水汽条件,并与对流层低层秦岭附近的东北冷气流交汇。 相似文献
11.
地形对于气流运动影响的数值研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
建立了二维、非静力平衡的数值模式，研究地形对上游气流的阻挡以及大振幅背风波谷与下坡风的形成。结果表明：地形的阻挡效应受地形高度、大气层结及地形非对称性等因子的影响。数值试验与理论分析都证明地形越高、层结越稳定时阻挡作用越强；同样条件下，迎风坡坡度大的地形容易对气流形成阻挡。此外，分析了地形高度、大气层结、地形非对称性以及基本入流大小对背风波谷及下坡风强度影响的规律，并通过一次实际观测对数值模拟结果进行了检验。 相似文献
12.
利用NCEP1°×1°6 h再分析资料,对副热带高压与西风槽典型环流形势配合下发生的一次四川区域性暴雨过程的不同阶段进行对比分析。结果表明,前期暴雨天气过程,其动力条件占到了主导地位,具有明显的经向垂直环流圈和垂直上升运动支,而在副高断裂后较强冷空气作用下,在副高边缘发生的区域性暴雨过程受西风带槽前的能量锋区影响,动力强迫作用和热力强迫作用激发的次级环流,进一步加强了四川盆地垂直运动的发展;冷空气作用前期的暴雨过程和冷空气进入后副高边缘发生的区域性暴雨过程中暴雨区域内的假相当位温均强于高层,大气处于对流性不稳定层结状态,对四川盆地暴雨的增强也起了不可忽视的作用,但由副高控制到副高逐渐断裂,湿位涡的斜压扰动是逐渐增强的过程,导致倾斜垂直涡度发展,激发更为强烈的上升运动;副高与西风槽环流形势相配合的暖区暴雨过程水汽主要来自中低层孟加拉湾;而副高断裂后发生在副高边缘的区域性暴雨过程,水汽主要来自850hPa层南海和孟加拉湾,从对流层中到低层,四川盆地东部恰恰是冷暖气流的交汇处,偏南气流将海上充沛的水汽输送到盆地东部,为暴雨的发生提供充足的水汽条件,并与对流层低层秦岭附近的东北冷气流交汇。 相似文献
13.
Summary Hurricanes cause a variety of damage due to high winds, heavy rains, and storm surges. This study focuses on hurricanes’
high winds. The most devastating effects of sustained high winds occur in the first few hours of landfall. During the short
period, hurricanes’ rainfall often increases, while the low-level pressure gradients continue to weaken. Latent heating does
not appear to strengthen the surface winds. The indicator is that dry mechanisms such as the boundary layer processes and
terrain are responsible for the damaging winds in the coastal areas. In this study, the design of a dry hurricane boundary
layer wind model is described. The goal is to develop a forecast tool with near-real time applications in expeditious wind
damage assessment and disaster mitigation during a hurricane landfall event.
Different surface roughness lengths and topographic features ranging from flat land to the mountainous terrain of Taiwan were
used in the model simulation experiments to reveal how the coastal environment affected the hurricane surface winds. The model
performed quite well in all cases. The experiments suggested that the downward transfer of high momentum aloft played a significant
role in the maintenance of high wind speeds at the surface. The surface wind maximums were observed on the lee sides of high
terrain. The surface streamline analyses showed that the high mountains tended to block the relatively weak flow and caused
small eddies, while they forced the stronger flow to turn around the mountains.
Due to great difficulty in data collection, the hurricane boundary layer over land remains one of the least understood parts
of the system. The dry model proves to be an effective way to study many aspects of hurricane boundary layer winds over a
wide range of terrain features and landfall sites. The model runs efficiently and can be run on a medium-size personal computer.
Received March 16, 2001 Revised September 10, 2001 相似文献
14.
Altai-Sayan lee cyclogenesis: Numerical simulations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary In this paper we compare and analyse two cases of lee cyclogenesis observed near the Altai-Sayan massif (14–16 April 1988; 3–5 March 1986). The interpretation of the events is based on numerical simulations with an isentropic primitive equation model, where runs without orography are compared to those with realistic orography. The runs with mountains are successful in depicting the observed developments, so that the no-mountain experiments can be assumed to provide further information on the dynamics of both cases.The case of 14–16 April 1988 is dominated by rapid cyclogenesis and cut-off low formation aloft linked to the southward motion of a potential vorticity maximum towards the Altai-Sayan massif. Cyclone formation would have occurred without mountains as well. However, cyclogenesis at low levels is enhanced by the presence of the mountains through blocking of the cold air and corresponding deformation of the surface cold front. So this is a case of orographically modified cyclogenesis whereas the cyclogenesis of 3–5 March 1986 is induced by the mountain. In that case a broad and almost steady trough moves eastward over the Altai-Sayan region. Cyclone formation is absent in the no-mountain run. However, both cases exhibit some similarities with respect to the low-level developments induced by the mountains. A conceptual model is presented in order to further elucidate the key features of both cases.With 11 Figures 相似文献
15.
Daily rainfall variability over southern Africa (SA) and the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) during the austral summer months
has recently been described objectively for the first time, using newly derived satellite products. The principle mode of
variability in all months is a dipole structure with bands of rainfall orientated northwest to southeast across the region.
These represent the location of cloud bands associated with tropical temperate troughs (TTT). This study objectively identifies
major TTT events during November to February, and on the basis of composites off NCEP reanalysis data describes the associated
atmospheric structure. The two phases of the rainfall dipole are associated with markedly contrasting circulation patterns.
There are also pronounced intra-seasonal variations. In early summer the position of the temperate trough and TTT cloud band
alternates between the SWIO and southwest Atlantic. In late summer the major TTT axis lies preferentially over the SWIO, associated
with an eastward displacement in the Indian Ocean high. In all months, positive events, in which the TTT cloud band lies primarily
over the SWIO, are associated with large-scale moisture flux anomalies, in which convergent fluxes form a pronounced poleward
flux along the cloud band. This suggests that TTT events are a major mechanism of poleward transfer of energy and momentum.
Moisture transport occurs along three principle paths: (1) the northern or central Indian Ocean (where anomalous fluxes extend
eastward to the Maritime Continent), (2) south equatorial Africa and the equatorial Atlantic, (3) from the south within a
cyclonic flow around the tropical-temperate trough. The relative importance of (2) is greatest in late summer. Thus, synoptic
scale TTT events over SA/SWIO often result from large-scale planetary circulation patterns. Hovmoeller plots show that TTT
development coincides with enhanced tropical convection between 10°–30°E (itself exhibiting periodicity of around 5 days),
and often with convergence of eastward and westward propagating convection around 40°E. Harmonic analysis of 200 hPa geopotential
anomalies show that TTT features are forced by a specific zonally asymmetric wave pattern, with wave 5 dominant or significant
in all months except February when quasi-stationary waves 1, 2 and 3 dominate. These findings illustrate the importance of
tropical and extratropical dynamics in understanding TTT events. Finally, it is suggested that in November–Januar TTT rainfall
over SA/SWIO may be in phase with similar rainfall dipole structures observed in the South Pacific and South Atlantic convergence
zones.
Received: 11 August 1998 / Accepted: 28 May 1999 相似文献
16.
The Persistent Heavy Rainfall over Southern China in June 2010：Evolution of Synoptic Systems and the Effects of the Tibetan Plateau Heating 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study investigates influencing weather systems for and the effect of Tibetan Plateau （TP）’s surface heating on the heavy rainfall over southern China in June 2010, focusing on the four persistent heavy rainfall events during 14-24 June 2010. The ma jor weather systems include the South Asian high, midlatitude trough and ridge, western Pacific subtropical high in the middle troposphere, and shear lines and eastward-moving vortices in the lower troposphere. An ensemble of convection-permitting simulations （CTL） is carried out with the WRF model for these rainfall events, which successfully reproduce the observed evolution of precipitation and weather systems. Another ensemble of simulations （SEN） with the surface albedo over the TP and its southern slope changed artificially to one, i.e., the surface does not absorb any solar heating, otherwise it is identical to CTL, is also performed. Comparison between CTL and SEN suggests that the surface sensible heating of TP in CTL significantly affects the temperature distributions over the plateau and its surroundings, and the thermal wind adjustment consequently changes atmospheric circulations and properties of the synoptic systems, leading to intensified precipitation over southern China. Specifically, at 200 hPa, anticyclonic and cyclonic anomalies form over the western and eastern plateau, respectively, which enhances the southward cold air intrusion along the eastern TP and the divergence over southern China;at 500 hPa, the ridge over the northern plateau and the trough over eastern China are strengthened, the southwesterly flows along the northwestern side of the subtropical high are intensified, and the positive vorticity propagation from the plateau to its downstream is also enhanced significantly;at 850 hPa, the low-pressure vortices strongly develop and move eastward while the southwesterly low-level jet over southern China strengthens in CTL, leading to increased water vapor convergence and upward motion over the precipitation region. 相似文献
17.
Summary The time-dependent motion of long ridges through a linearly stratified fluid otherwise at rest is investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Similarity conditions for relating such flows to the atmosphere are deduced from the equations of motion and boundary conditions for the respective systems.Experiments concerning end-wall effects in towing experiments with linearly stratified fluid systems are conducted. For obstacles extending across the entire width of the tow tank it is shown that the upstream conditions are continually changing so that a final steady state motion may never be realized. Isolated topographies are shown to induce significantly less effect on the far upstream fluid motions. Case studies for the flow past long ridges for which the motion at large times is to be that of single, double and triple mode lee-waves and breaking lee vortices are conducted for impulsively started and uniformly accelerated and decelerated obstacle transverses. The final flow configuration under certain situations is shown to be relatively insensitive to the starting conditions. In other cases the final flow can be highly dependent on the time history of the ridge traverse through the tank. For example, for the case in which a breaking lee vortex is expected as the final flow, small initial uniform accelerations from a zero velocity lead to the formation of a strong rotor along the free surface of the tank and in the lee of the obstacle. This rotor is maintained in an approximate equilibrium position as the ridge speed reaches a value for which a breaking lee vortex (having no rotor) should be expected; i.e., the type of flow obtained for impulsively started or rapidly accelerating ridges, other parameters being fixed.The phenomenon of the oscillation of the structure of the wake flow between a relatively smooth laminar lee-wave pattern and lee waves that break into turbulence is investigated for impulsively started ridges. By defining the parameterN
w
as the number of waves downstream of the first trough that are clearly identifiable it is shown that the tendency for wake breakdown into turbulence increases with increasing internal Froude number, other parameters being fixed. No definitive period was found relating the alternating nature of the wake between breakdown, into turbulence, relaminarization and so on.With 20 Figures 相似文献
18.
太行山东麓焚风天气的统计特征和机理分析Ⅱ:背风波对焚风产生和传播影响的个例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中尺度模式WRF3.3对太行山东麓焚风典型个例进行了数值模拟。结果表明,太行山东麓焚风的发生和移动与山脉背风波密切相关。由此建立了太行山东麓焚风的概念模型:西北或偏西气流途经山西盆地、山西境内的山脉或高原,再越过太行山,在其东麓形成背风波。背风波的下沉气流气温按干绝热方式上升,同时下沉气流也会对低层大气产生压缩增温效应,使得太行山东麓产生焚风。背风波即为重力波,可以伴随着下沉气流向下游移动,正变温区同时也向东移动。变温区移动的速度和重力波的传播速度相同。背风波的产生,需要Scorer数向上足够的减小,而且不连续,即要求大气是稳定的且存在明显的风速切变。 相似文献
19.
利用1948—2005年的10月—次年5月NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对西风急流中Rossby波的传播及其与冬半年副热带南支西风槽形成的关系进行研究, 结果表明:冬半年亚洲副热带西风急流下方存在3个南支波动, 分别位于阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和我国华南地区, 其中孟加拉湾南支槽变率最小, 是半永久性低压槽; 从北非、阿拉伯海到孟加拉湾的“-+-”遥相关波列表明南支槽与北非槽呈正相关, 与阿拉伯海槽呈反相关。在西风波动从北非东传到孟加拉湾的过程中, 往往会在阿拉伯海有所停顿, 这种由西向东的传播过程约20 d一次, 具有明显的低频振荡特征; 源自北非的定常Rossby波能量沿着急流波导传播到孟加拉湾, 可能是南支槽明显增幅的一个主要机制; 另外, 从青藏高原东西两侧南下的冷空气活动也是南支槽加深发展的一个重要因素。 相似文献
20.
梅雨期青藏高原东移对流系统影响江淮流域降水的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用GOES-9和FY-2C卫星TBB资料、1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料以及常规地面观测资料对2003和2007年梅雨期内青藏高原东移对流系统影响重庆、四川以及江淮梅雨锋地区降水的主要方式作了研究。结果表明,2003和2007年梅雨期内,青藏高原东移对流系统影响下游地区降水主要存在4种方式:(1)高原上的动力辐合中心伴随高原对流系统东移,影响所经地区的降水,该种影响方式较为常见,持续时间较长,影响范围较广。(2)高原对流系统移出高原后在四川盆地引发稳定少动的西南低涡,触发一系列暴雨过程,此种影响方式持续时间较长,主要影响地区为四川和重庆(往往会造成强度很大的暴雨),当西南低涡以东盛行较强西南风时,向梅雨锋的动能输送较强,这十分有利于梅雨锋地区对流活动和降水的加强。(3)高原东移对流系统在四川盆地触发西南低涡,西南低涡生成后,在引导槽的作用下沿梅雨锋东移,沿途引发一系列暴雨,此种影响方式持续时间最长,波及范围最广。(4)对流系统东移出青藏高原后直接影响下游地区,此种影响方式最为常见,但其影响时间最短,强度最小。对环境场的分析表明,高原强对流往往发生在500hPa影响槽槽区附近的上升运动区,当200hPa高空急... 相似文献