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利用2006—2015年江西省闪电定位系统监测资料和地表植被遥感数据,通过数理统计、线性回归等方法,分析江西省不同地表植被覆盖类型的雷电活动特征分布。结果表明:1)江西省各年雷电活动最活跃区域主要在城乡建设用地、水域和未利用土地3类地表之间变化,其中发生在城乡建设用地的概率最高,闪电密度值高的区域其闪电强度相对较弱。2)江西省闪电密度随着地表覆盖度的增大而减小,而闪电平均强度随着覆盖度的增加总体呈增强的趋势。3)多雷区在城乡建设用地、水域、未利用土地和耕地所占比例较大;少雷区在草地所占比例最大,其次为林地,而城乡建设地所占比例最小。 相似文献
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北京地区土地利用/覆被及其变化对气温升温的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用北京地区13个气象台站1979～2005年的气温资料、NCEP再分析资料以及1990～2005年的三期1：10万土地利用/覆被数据,在分析气象站点3 km半径缓冲区内土地利用/覆被及变化特征的基础上,通过比较气温变化在不同下垫面状况下的差异,分析了北京地区3种主要土地利用/覆被类型对气温变化趋势的影响,得出以下结论：1）建设用地对气温升高的影响最显著（0.822°C/10 a）,林地、草地、耕地混合类型次之（0.296°C/10 a）,林地最小（0.197°C/10 a）;2）利用“观测减去再分析（OMR）”方法后,建设用地的OMR年均温升温趋势依然最大（0.527°C/10 a）,林地、草地、耕地混合类型次之（-0.012°C/10 a）,林地最小（-0.118°C/10 a）,表明建设用地对气温升高具有增强作用,而林地对气温升高具有抑制作用;3）当土地利用/覆被类型向城市建设用地类型转化时,转化的面积越大,气温变化量越大。 相似文献
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伊洛河流域土地利用/覆被变化格局分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学认识流域土地利用变化及其特征可以为流域水文变化、水环境变化、气候变化等研究提供基础。以1970—2010年伊洛河流域5期遥感影像数据为基础,利用GIS信息技术与空间分析技术,得到不同时期伊洛河流域土地利用/覆被特征,选取土地利用变化率指数、土地利用综合指数和土地利用动态度模型3个指标,分析了近40a来研究区的土地利用/覆被变化特征。结果表明,伊洛河流域土地利用以耕地为主,其次为林地。研究区土地利用处于发展期且土地利用变化处于快速变化水平,随着城镇化面积的逐年增加,流域耕地面积从1990年以后逐年减少,城镇工矿居民用地不断增加,其他如林地、草地和未利用面积变化基本保持不变。从不同的发展阶段来看,1970—1990年间,土地利用/覆被变化不太显著;1990—2000年流域土地利用变化以城镇工矿居民用地增加为主要特征;2000—2005年流域土地利用变化以耕地减少为主要特征;2005—2010年土地利用变化程度较2000—2005年有减缓趋势,但仍然呈现耕地减少、城镇工矿居民用地增加的特征。从不同的高程带来看,洼地和丘陵地带土地变化较剧烈,变化的主要特征为耕地减少、城镇工矿居民用地增加,而中山和高山地带,因为人类活动影响较小,土地利用情况变化很小。 相似文献
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以河南省郑州市为例,利用RS、GIS软件对1993年和2003年两时次TM、ETM 影像进行遥感解译,采用GIS空间分析和数理统计分析等方法,研究了10 a来该市土地利用变化过程尤其是土地沙化的变化过程及其社会经济驱动机制。结果表明:10 a来,西部山区、东部沙化地区以及黄河沿岸地区土地利用类型的变化比较大,特别是东部地区用地变化比较剧烈;旱地、草地、工交建设用地面积明显增加,沙化土地、水田、林地、水体面积呈现减少的趋势;沙化现象得到了有效遏制,草地面积的增加,改善了研究区的生态环境。此外,林地面积的大量减少,应引起重视,可实行退耕还林或植树造林以建立良好的生态环境。 相似文献
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以河南省郑州市为例,利用RS、GIS软件对1993年和2003年两时次TM、ETM 影像进行遥感解译,采用GIS空间分析和数理统计分析等方法,研究了10 a来该市土地利用变化过程尤其是土地沙化的变化过程及其社会经济驱动机制.结果表明:10 a来,西部山区、东部沙化地区以及黄河沿岸地区土地利用类型的变化比较大,特别是东部地区用地变化比较剧烈;旱地、草地、工交建设用地面积明显增加,沙化土地、水田、林地、水体面积呈现减少的趋势;沙化现象得到了有效遏制,草地面积的增加,改善了研究区的生态环境.此外,林地面积的大量减少,应引起重视,可实行退耕还林或植树造林以建立良好的生态环境. 相似文献
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研究不同陆地生态系统和土地利用类型的归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空变化特征,不仅可揭示基准年以来各生态系统和土地利用类型的变化情况,而且可为云南不同生态区的保护提供科学依据。基于SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI数据,利用一元回归和相关分析等方法,在ArcGIS平台下分析1999-2013年云南NDVI时空变化的基础上,以2000年云南陆地生态系统和土地利用为基准年,重点分析植被指数变化显著区域的各类陆地生态系统和土地利用类型NDVI的变化情况。结果表明,云南省国土面积六成以上区域的植被指数出现了显著的上升趋势,局部地区出现了下降趋势,其中,昆明、玉溪、红河、大理、德宏5个州(市)和曲靖市南部植被指数上升不明显,显著下降的区域主要是滇中地区;普洱市出现大面积连片上升区。植被指数上升的主要生态类型是农田、森林和草地生态系统,下降的是聚落、水体和湿地生态系统;从土地利用类型看,植被指数上升面积比例较高的是旱地、有林地、灌木林、疏林地和高覆盖度草地,下降面积比例较高的是城镇用地和其他建设用地。分析结果可为云南省生态保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为揭示地形及土地利用类型对江西地区强雷电活动影响，本文选取闪电密度极大值和闪电平均强度极大值作为反映强雷电活动的两个主要参数，利用江西雷电监测资料、地表植被遥感以及地形高程影像文件，提取不同土地利用类型以及海拔高度、坡度和坡向参数值，重点分析强雷电活动分布与土地利用及地形的相关性。结果表明：江西强雷电活动活跃区主要分布于城乡建设用地，雷电活动的落雷概率最高，其次为耕地。闪电平均强度极大值的雷电活动集中发生在赣州及九江的丘陵和山地，其土地利用类型主要为林地，其次为耕地。影响强雷电活动分布的地形因子主要包括坡度、坡向及海拔高度。 相似文献
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沙漠地区风光热资源丰富,已建设的风光热基地对区域生态环境的影响机制尚不明确。开展区域风光热基地建设的生态环境效应研究对指导区域清洁能源开发与促进社会经济发展具有重要意义。本研究以腾格里沙漠为研究区,基于谷歌地球引擎云平台(Google Earth Engine, GEE)并结合2000年、2022年研究区Landsat 8遥感影像,采用土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、景观格局指数、地理加权回归模型等方法对沙区风光热基地建设前后生态环境的效应进行分析。结果表明：(1)沙区土地利用空间分布时空异质性显著,主要土地利用类型为沙地、低覆盖草地及戈壁。沙地面积占研究区总面积的69.10%～72.72%。2000-2022年,风光热基地建设前后沙区土地利用类型变化剧烈区主要分布在沙区东南及西南边缘等。(2)近22年,土地利用动态度最高的是工矿建设用地,达到0.11%。沙地转移为工矿建设用地,而工矿建设用地中80%为风光热基地面积,沙地成为风光热基地的重要转移源。(3)区域生态环境质量指数(Ecological Environment Quality Index, EEQI)高值... 相似文献
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有序人类活动造成的土地利用变化对区域降水的可能影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
人类社会发展主要通过土地利用变化和温室气体排放两种途径影响着气候环境,因此,完善的气候模式需要从这两方面与社会经济学模式进行耦合。作者从土地利用变化的角度出发,引入系统动力学模型预测的土地利用数据库资料,并利用该资料动态地修正区域气候模式的下垫面地表覆盖类型,实现了社会经济学模式与区域气候模式的单向耦合。在此基础上,利用耦合的区域环境系统集成模式（RIEMS 2．0）,将社会经济稳定发展和高速发展两种驱动情景下不同时段的土地利用资料,分别进行数值模式运行。最后根据得出的预测结果,从降水的空间分布和时间演变等方面分析了未来50年中国气候可能的年代际演变特征,同时对土地利用变化影响区域气候的机理进行了探讨。
主要研究结果表明,区域气候变化尤其是区域降水对土地利用变化的响应较为敏感,而且土地利用变化引起的气候效应不仅局限于土地利用发生改变的区域,因此,研究土地利用变化对区域环境的影响要综合考虑其区域分布以及各区域的变化程度。长时间的气候预测研究,在气候模式中耦合社会经济学模式是必要的。仅考虑土地利用的变化,未来50年华南地区年降水量将呈现减少的趋势,北方地区的年降水量在2010。年左右将呈现增长的趋势,且增长的趋势可能持续到2050年。预测结果同时显示,西部干旱半干旱区沙漠绿化,增加东北及内蒙古西部地区的森林面积,华北地区退耕还草等措施对北方地区年降水量的增加是有益的。同时,对应西部沙漠面积扩大,华北地区城市用地增加,东北及内蒙古西部地区林地退化以及华南地区林地增加等土地利用的变化,北方的干旱化趋势会进一步加剧。土地利用变化可以引起气候模式下垫面参数中的地表反照率、粗糙度等发生改变,变化的地表覆盖类型与大气的能量和水分通量交换差异作用于大气的流场和温度场等要素,从而改变了区域的气候环境。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献