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基于5个全球气候系统模式结果驱动的高分辨率区域气候模式(RegCM4)模拟输出,系统评估了RegCM4模式对中国西南地区极端降水变化的模拟性能,并科学预估了中国西南地区极端降水的未来演变特征。结果表明,RegCM4模式能合理再现西南地区极端降水变化特征,但模拟的四川中部的湿偏差较大而四川盆地干偏差较大;进行偏差校正后,模拟性能有所提升,对西南地区极端降水模拟偏差有所减小。相较于当代气候(1986—2005年),就区域平均而言在21世纪(2021—2098年),有效降水总量(Prcptot)、强降水日数(R10 mm)、日最大降水量(Rx1day)和极端降水量(R95p)都明显增加;在RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下,Rx1day和R95p在西南大部分地区增多,到21世纪末RCP4.5情景下增加幅度分别为16.0％和12.6％;Prcptot和R10 mm未来变化存在一定的区域差异,但Prcptot和R10 mm变化在空间上较为相似,在云南南部和四川盆地地区呈现减少趋势,其余地区增加明显;且RCP8.5高排放情景的变化幅度明显大于RCP4.5情景。 相似文献
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泛南海地区是全球海—陆—气相互作用最敏感的区域之一,该区域极端降水释放的潜热加热可以调节局地的温度和湿度廓线对大气环流进行调整,进而影响周边地区甚至全球的天气气候。因此,泛南海地区极端降水的时空变化特征及变异机理一直是国内外学者关注的焦点。本文利用观测数据（1951～2014年）和国际耦合模式比较计划第六阶段（CMIP6）两种共享社会经济路径（SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5）的统计降尺度数据（2015～2100年）,分析了泛南海地区年平均和季节平均的日降水的最大值（RX1day）、连续5日降水的最大值（RX5day）、极端强降水天数（R20）和非常湿润天（R95p）的时空变化特征。RX1day、RX5day、R20和R95p常用于表征极端强降水、持续性强降水、极端强降水的频率和极端累计降雨量的特征。1951～2014年泛南海地区年平均和季节平均的四个极端降水指数的较大值均分布在东南亚、中国东南部以及青藏高原南坡地区,即这些区域不仅是极端强降水发生的区域,也是持续性强降水以及高频极端降水发生的区域。季节平均的极端降水指数特征表现为：东南亚一年四季都极易发生强降水、持续性强降水和高频极... 相似文献
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基于我国东部地区438站1961—2014年逐日降水资料,选取世界气象组织定义的最大1日降水量RX1day、最大5日降水量RX5day、持续降水日数CWD和日降水强度SDII 4个极端降水指标,采用面积加权法对中国东部地区的极端降水事件进行了季节尺度的时空变化特征的研究。结果表明：夏季极端降水指数的长期变化趋势显示,除CWD整体呈减少趋势外,RX1day,RX5day和SDII在我国黄河以南均呈现增加的趋势,而在北部以减少趋势为主。夏季极端降水指数随时间的变化表明,RX1day,RX5day和SDII整体呈现出增长的趋势,CWD则表现为减小的趋势。 相似文献
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杭州市降水特征及极端降水趋势预估 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用国家气候观象台杭州站百年降水观测数据和CMIP5模式模拟预估数据,分析了杭州市降水长期变化特征,采用累积概率分布函数转换方式(CDF-T),降尺度预估了未来气候情景下杭州极端降水发生趋势。结果表明:杭州市年降水量在百年时序(1907—2015年)上无显著性增加或减小趋势,1980年后春季降水明显下降,下降速率约32.1mm·(10a)~(-1),冬季降水显著增加,增加速率约35.4mm·(10a)~(-1)。1988—2015年的3和6h及日降水的各重现期降水量均较1961—1987年有所增大,1961—1987年的100年一遇日最大降水已演变为1988—2015年的50年一遇甚至是20年一遇。CMIP5模式降水的降尺度分析表明,2020—2039年杭州市日极端降水强度将可能会进一步加强,2020—2039年日降水的R95值和R99p值均较现气候期(1981—2010年)有所提高,超R95p和超R99p的极端降水发生日数分别为11.08和2.24d·a~(-1),分别较现气候期平均值增加了3.52和0.69d·a~(-1)。 相似文献
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本研究利用区域气候模式RegCM4提供的RCP8.5(高排放)和RCP4.5(中排放)情景下的逐日平均气温和降水量,计算并分析了西南地区21世纪不同阶段平均气温、平均降水、连续干旱日数(CDD)、> 20mm的降水日数(R20mm)、连续5天最大降水量(Rx5day)和单日降水强度指数(SDII)相对于参照期(1986～2005年)的变化特征,进而定性地给出未来气候变化对西南地区地质灾害的可能影响。结果表明:未来西南地区因平均气温升高、平均降水量变化、持续干旱变化、强降水变化、降水集中程度变化和单日降水强度变化将导致地质灾害发生的可能性增大,但诱因不同、影响区域有差异;另外温室气体浓度越高,平均气温、平均降水以及相关极端指数相对于基准期变幅基本上都越大,相关地质灾害风险增加的可能性也越大。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2021,40(3):547-558
基于地面气象站观测资料,采用偏差订正后的国际耦合模式比较计划第六阶段(CMIP6)中情景齐全的5个气候模式,评估气候模式对1995-2014年黄河上游降水的模拟能力,并预估了7个SSP-RCP情景下黄河上游2021-2040年(近期)、2041-2060年(中期)、2081-2100年(末期)的降水变化趋势。结果表明:(1)多模式集合平均能够较好地模拟黄河上游降水年内分布特征,并且能够模拟出黄河上游降水南多北少的空间格局,模式数据与观测值的空间相关系数达0.9以上,CMIP6多模式集合对黄河上游降水时空变化特征具有较强的模拟能力;(2)21世纪黄河上游年降水呈显著增加趋势,伴有明显的年代际波动。相比基准期(1995-2014年),SSP1-1.9和SSP1-2.6情景下21世纪黄河上游年降水呈现先增加后减缓的特征,近期到中期降水增幅加大,中期到末期降水增幅减缓;SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5下,年降水增幅从近期到末期持续增加;而SSP4-3.4与SSP4-6.0下,21世纪近期降水有所下降,中期出现拐点,随后持续增加。空间上,降水增加幅度较大的区域主要集中在降水较少的黄河沿以上区域和兰州至头道拐之间的区域;(3)21世纪黄河上游各季降水总体表现为波动上升趋势,增速因情景和季节而异。除SSP4-6.0情景,总体上表现出高辐射强迫情景降水变化趋势大于低辐射强迫情景;冬季增幅最大,夏季增幅最小,趋势均通过0.1显著性水平;空间上,春秋两季降水增幅高值中心在黄河沿以上区域和兰州至头道拐之间区域,增幅低值中心在黄河沿至兰州之间;冬季降水增幅高值中心位于兰州至头道拐之间的区域,降水增幅相对较低的区域在黄河沿至兰州之间的区域;夏季降水除SSP4-3.4和SSP4-6.0情景在21世纪近期黄河上游大部较基准期有所下降外,其余情景下增幅高值区在黄河沿以上区域。 相似文献
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Increased population exposure to precipitation extremes in China under global warming scenarios 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2020,(1)
极端降水(暴雨)是我国最为主要的自然灾害之一,每年均造成巨大经济损失和人员伤亡。现有预估研究表明,未来全球持续增暖使得我国极端降水发生频次显著增加,强度增强。那么,未来极端降水增加会对社会,尤其是人们生活造成多大影响?围绕这个问题,本研究基于多个高分辨率区域气候模式模拟和人口数据,分析了未来我国极端降水人口暴露度的可能变化。结果指出,在RCP4.5-SSP2情景下,到了21世纪末,虽然预估的我国人口数量大幅减少,但极端降水人口暴露度却显著增加,相对当前气候增加了约21.6%,其中东部地区是增加最为显著的区域。进一步研究发现,人口暴露度的增加不依赖于情景的选择,但高排放情景增加幅度更大,而且增加主要是由于气候变化的贡献。 相似文献
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基于第六阶段耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)模拟数据和高分辨率逐日格点观测数据,分别采用分位数映射法和泰勒图对福建省极端气温指数模拟值进行订正和评估,发现在历史参照期(1991—2010年)订正后的各极端气温指数模拟值与观测值更加接近。在此基础上,分析了SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下福建省21世纪近期(2021—2040年)、中期(2051—2070年)和末期(2081—2100年)订正后的极端气温指数相对于历史参照期的时空变化特征。从时间变化来看,21世纪各时期,全省平均极端气温指数呈现升高趋势,且随着时间推移增幅不断加大。从空间变化来看,极端最高气温TXx呈现西北内陆增幅大、东南沿海增幅小的趋势,极端最低气温TNn空间分布与TXx类似,增幅略小,夏季日数Su增量在福建西南部为大值区,暖昼日数TX90p在福建东南部增幅最大。采用广义极值(generalized extreme value,GEV)分布研究了TXx重现期变化,发现SSP2-4.5情景下,21世纪3个时期增温较为匀速,而SSP5-8.5情景下增温呈加速趋势。在SSP5-8.5情景下,历史参照期20 a一遇的极端最高气温在21世纪末期每年都可能发生。 相似文献
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基于1971~2020年藏东南4个气象站逐日降水量资料,选取最大1日降水量（RX1day）、最大5日降水量（RX5day）、降水强度（SDII）、中雨日数（R10mm）、大雨日数（R20mm）、连续干燥日数（CDD）、连续湿润日数（CWD）、强降水量（R95pTOT）、极强降水量（R99pTOT）和年总降水量（PRCPTOT）共10个极端降水指数,采用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、R/S趋势分析、Morlet小波等方法,分析了藏东南极端降水指数的时空变化特征及其与大气环流指数、太阳黑子、海温指数之间的关系。结果表明:1971~2020年藏东南各极端降水指数变化幅度不大;RX1day、R20mm、CWD、R95pTOP、PRCPTOP呈下降趋势,尤其是近30 a（1991~2020年）PRCPTOP减幅显著,达?38.43 mm·10a?1;其他指数趋于增加,以CDD增幅最大（1.31 d·10a?1）。年代际变化尺度上,极端降水指数在20世纪90年代为正距平,21世纪前10年为负距平。极端降水指数的Hurst指数大多表现为较强或强持续性,未来将保持近50 a以来的变化趋势,仅CDD在2002年发生了气候突变。极端降水指数大多存在显著的3~4 a振荡周期。除CDD、CWD外,其他极端降水指数之间具有显著的正相关关系;而各极端降水指数均与年降水量、汛期降水量存在显著的相关性。多个极端降水指数与大气环流指数的相关性不显著,只有RX1day、RX5day、R95pTOT与亚洲极涡面积指数有显著的负相关,RX5day还与西太平洋副高强度指数有显著的正相关。绝大多数极端降水指数与太阳黑子的相关性不显著,仅有CWD与之有显著的正相关。RX5day、PRCPTOT和CDD与赤道太平洋次表层海温指数存在显著的相关关系。RX5day与印度洋暖池面积和强度指数存在显著的正相关,CWD与西太平洋暖池面积指数为显著的负相关。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献