共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
近50年广东省分级降水的时空分布特征及其变化趋势的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用广东省86个常规气象观测站1961—2010年的逐日降水资料,分析近50年广东省降水气候特征,探讨不同等级降水空间分布及随时间变化特征。结果表明:广东省降水丰沛,年均降水量多为1 500~2 000 mm;降水气候特征的区域差异较大,不同区域降水量与降水日数分布差异显著;各月的降水日数差异没有降水量月分布的差异明显,非汛期的日降水量较小,而汛期降水日数多且日降水量大;小雨日和中雨日的区域差异小,大雨日、暴雨日、大暴雨日的大值中心主要集中在广东省的三大暴雨中心地区 (清远中心、阳江中心、海陆丰中心),雨日量级分布大致由北向南逐渐增强,且随着降水等级的增加降雨日数迅速减少;小雨、中雨和大雨的降水贡献率均由粤北地区向沿海地区递减,暴雨和大暴雨的贡献率由粤北向沿海递增;小雨日数显著减少、大雨以上日数略有增多,总降水日数也呈减少趋势;小雨和中雨的贡献率呈减少趋势,大雨以上贡献率增多,使年均降水量呈增多趋势。 相似文献
2.
基于对汛期的理解和认识, 利用Samel等人设计的半客观统计分析方法、Mann-Kendall突变分析、滑动t检验等方法, 通过分析和研究1957—2006年华北台站的日降水资料, 确定了华北汛期起讫的日期。结果表明:华北汛期始于6月30日, 止于8月18日, 持续期为50d。华北汛期的起讫日期、持续天数以及空汛发生的频次, 具有鲜明的地域特征:冀北山地汛期开始最早, 结束较迟, 持续天数较长, 空汛发生频次最少; 黄土高原汛期开始较迟, 其北部汛期结束最迟, 持续期也最长, 发生空汛的频次也比较多; 黄河下游地区汛期开始比较早, 结束最早, 汛期最短, 发生无大汛的频次较大; 河北平原地区, 汛期开始最迟, 结束较迟, 汛期较长, 发生无大汛的频次最多。与华北汛期开始和结束日相对应的东亚大气环流特征是:当西太平洋西部上空500hPa存在正的位势高度距平, 华北上空存在负的位势高度距平, 同时地面为“东高西低”的异常海平面气压场配置时, 异常偏南风到达30°N, 华北汛期开始; 当华北上空500hPa为较小的位势高度正距平, 日本海为位势高度正距平, 而地面上, 我国大陆和西太平洋之间为“西高东低”的异常海平面气压场配置时, 异常偏北风控制我国东部地区, 华北汛期结束。 相似文献
3.
云南雨季的时空特征及与大气环流变化的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了系统了解和认识云南雨季变化的气候特征、年际特征及其影响因子,利用云南116个气象观测站1961—2015年20时—20时的逐日降水资料,根据新定义的西南雨季单站标准,系统分析云南雨季变化的时空特征以及相应的大气环流特征。结果表明:（1）对于1981—2010年的气候平均,云南全省平均雨季的开始和结束日期分别为5月22日和10月15日,雨季变化的空间差异较大,雨季开始大致表现为从东南向西北推进,结束则从西北和东南逐渐向西南推进,由此导致云南雨季长度和雨季总降水量变化由南至北逐渐减小;（2）云南雨季变化的年际差异显著,全省平均雨季开始日期最早在5月8日,最晚在6月8日,结束日期最早在9月30日,最晚在11月2日,早晚相差近1个月;（3）云南雨季开始日期主要受西南季风和中纬度冷空气活动的共同影响,季风建立偏早和中纬度冷空气活动频繁有利于雨季开始早,反之有利于雨季开始晚;而雨季结束日期主要受热带季风环流变化的影响,夏季风向冬季风季节转换早则云南雨季结束早,反之雨季结束晚。 相似文献
4.
The climatic characteristics of the precipitation in Guangdong province over the past 50 years were analyzed based on the daily rainfall datasets of 86 stations from 1961 to 2010. The rainfall was divided into five categories according to its intensity, and their spatiotemporal characteristics and variation trends were investigated. The annual rainfall amount was within 1,500 to 2,000 mm over most parts of Guangdong, but substantial differences of rainfall amount and rainy days were found among different parts of the province. There were many rainy days in the dry seasons (October to March), but the daily rainfall amounts are small. The rainy seasons (April to September) have not only many rainy days but also heavy daily rainfall amounts. The spatial distributions of light rainy days (1 mm 100 mm) are generally concentrated in three regions, Qingyuan, Yangjiang, and Haifeng/Lufeng. The average rainfall amount for rainy days increases form the north to the south of Guangdong, while decreasing as the rainfall intensity increases. The contributions from light, moderate and heavy rain to the total rainfall decreases form the north to the south. The annual rainy days show a decreasing trend in the past 50 years. The light rainy days decreased significantly while the heavy, rainstorm and downpour rainy days increased slightly. The annual total rainfall amount increased over the past 50 years, which was contributed by heavy, rainstorm and downpour rains, while the contribution from light and moderate rains decreased. 相似文献
5.
Tiganadaba Lodoun Moussa Sanon Alessandra Giannini Pierre Sibiry Traoré Léopold Somé Jeanne Millogo Rasolodimby 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(3-4):485-494
In the Sahel region, seasonal predictions are crucial to alleviate the impacts of climate variability on populations' livelihoods. Agricultural planning (e.g., decisions about sowing date, fertilizer application date, and choice of crop or cultivar) is based on empirical predictive indices whose accuracy to date has not been scientifically proven. This paper attempts to statistically test whether the pattern of rainfall distribution over the May–July period contributes to predicting the real onset date and the nature (wet or dry) of the rainy season, as farmers believe. To that end, we considered historical records of daily rainfall from 51 stations spanning the period 1920–2008 and the different agro-climatic zones in Burkina Faso. We performed (1) principal component analysis to identify climatic zones, based on the patterns of intra-seasonal rainfall, (2) and linear discriminant analysis to find the best rainfall-based variables to distinguish between real and false onset dates of the rainy season, and between wet and dry seasons in each climatic zone. A total of nine climatic zones were identified in each of which, based on rainfall records from May to July, we derived linear discriminant functions to correctly predict the nature of a potential onset date of the rainy season (real or false) and that of the rainy season (dry or wet) in at least three cases out of five. These functions should contribute to alleviating the negative impacts of climate variability in the different climatic zones of Burkina Faso. 相似文献
6.
H. Kutiel 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1990,42(3):169-175
Summary The seek for variability of factors is suggested in detecting variabilities that could not have been detected in other ways. The proposed methodology may be appropriate to evaluate the rainfall distribution during wetter or drier periods or regions. Tested on rainfall data from Israel, the present method detected a seasonal cycle in the dependence of rainfall totals on daily rainfall (P) and on the Number of Rain Days (NRD). At the beginning and at the end of the rainy season and in the drier parts of the country, there is a greater dependence of the total rainfall on P. During the main rainy season, and in the wetter parts of the country, variations in the total monthly rainfall (RAIN) from year to year, are caused mainly by variations in values of NRD rather by variations in P.With 6 Figures 相似文献
7.
Summary Monthly rainfall conditions in Israel were determined, using data from 12 stations, during 30 years (1961–90). The definition
of a month to be dry, normal or wet, was done using standardized rainfall totals. Pressure departures for each of the three rainfall categories for each month
of the rainy season, were calculated and mapped. Correlation between rainfall totals at each of the 12 stations and monthly
mean sea level pressure at 72 grid points in the area delimited by the 20° W and 50° E meridians and the 20° N and 60° N parallels,
was performed. For each month, 12 correlation maps were prepared (one of each station). Similar maps were averaged together
to form coherent rainfall regions. At the beginning of the rainy season (October) the rainfall in Israel is sporadic and spotty
without a distinctable coherent region. At the end of the rainy season (April) the rainfall is more widespread, forming a
large coherent region covering most of the country.
Dry rainfall conditions in Israel, were found to be characterized by positive pressure departures in the eastern Mediterranean
and over Israel and/or by easterly or southerly circulation over the eastern Mediterranean. Wet rainfall conditions in Israel,
were found to be characterized by negative pressure departures in the eastern Mediterranean and over Israel and/or by westerly
or northerly circulation over the eastern Mediterranean. Moreover, in many cases dry conditions in Israel, were associated
with below normal pressure conditions over central or western Europe, while wet conditions in Israel, with above normal conditions
over the same region, thus, reflecting the so-called Mediterranean Oscillation. Finally, normal rainfall conditions are characterized by very slight to negligible pressure departures over the entire Mediterranean
and Europe.
Received November 18, 1997 Revised March 3, 1998 相似文献
8.
9.
The rainfall distribution within the rainy season has crucial implications on a variety of disciplines. According to one approach of analyzing the intraseasonal rainfall distribution, it is essential to examine the date of different accumulated percentage (DAP hereafter), as presented in Paz and Kutiel (Isr J Earth Sci 52:47–63, 2003). The present study identifies various intraseasonal temporal distributions of rainfall, in 41 stations within the Mediterranean basin. Furthermore, classifications of these distributions according to their time, yield, and length are presented. The accumulated percentage was calculated for each Julian day for every available year in all stations. A correlation matrix between every possible pair of years, in each station, was calculated, and a cluster analysis (average linkage method) was performed. Finally, the averages of the entire dataset and the average of every cluster were compared in order to classify the clusters by using three parameters: timing represented by DAP(25%, 50%, 75%) annual rainfall total and the rainy season length (RSL). Between 2 and 5 different types of clusters, with various probabilities, were defined for every station. Out of 132 overall clusters, which were found in 41 stations, the most frequent type (cluster 1) was the median in all three parameters. There were 16 clusters identified as short in their RSL, and 18 were identified as having a long classification. There were 19 dry clusters, and only eight were identified as wet. As for the parameter of timing, 39 clusters were classified as early and 38 as late. One conclusion of this study was that the probability of a dry year is higher than a wet one, and likewise, the probability of a long year is higher than of a short one. 相似文献
10.
索马里越赤道气流对西南雨季开始早晚的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于中国气象局西南雨季监测标准和高空间分辨率的台站日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了西南雨季开始日期的气候特征及和索马里、孟加拉湾越赤道气流的关系,发现西南雨季的气候平均开始时间约为5月第4候,且在2000年前后有从偏晚向偏早转变的趋势。统计诊断分析表明,在东半球低层的几支越赤道气流中,只有索马里和孟加拉湾越赤道气流的强弱会影响到雨季开始早晚和雨量大小,且都对应于急流强雨季早、急流弱雨季晚的特征,但在月尺度上前者的作用更强。急流通道中心经向风和赤道印度洋纬向风对雨季的超前相关及逐日变率合成分析表明,索马里地区经向风速在雨季爆发前十日开始为正的日较差,即十日前经向风持续增强,并在约七日至五日前作用最为显著,从而对西南雨季起到触发作用。在这一触发过程中,索马里急流的超前影响要早于孟加拉湾越赤道气流。受上游越赤道气流影响,赤道印度洋西风和孟加拉湾西南气流也会增强,为西南地区提供充沛的水汽。 相似文献
11.
Climate change and implications for agriculture in Niger 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. V. K. Sivakumar 《Climatic change》1992,20(4):297-312
Five-year moving averages of annual rainfall for 21 locations in Niger showed a decline in the annual rainfall after 1960. Correlation coefficients of the moving averages of monthly rainfall with annual rainfall showed significant correlations between the decline in the annual rainfall with decreased rainfall in August. Analysis of daily rainfall data for rainy season parameters of interest to agriculture suggested that from 1965 there was a significant decrease in the amount of rainfall and in the number of rainy days in the months of July and August, resulting in a decreased volume of rainfall for each rainstorm. In comparison to the period 1945–64, major shifts have occurred in the average dates of onset and ending of rains during 1965–88. The length of the growing season was reduced by 5–20 days across different locations in Niger. The standard deviation for the onset and ending of the rains as well as the length of the growing season has increased, implying that cropping has become more risky. Water balance calculations also demonstrated that the probability of rainfall exceeding potential evapotranspiration decreased during the growing season. The implications of these changes for agriculture in Niger are discussed using field data. 相似文献
12.
辽宁雨季和多雨季标准的划分研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
遵循针对性、可靠性、实用性和可操作性的原则,对1951—2005年降水量和副热带高压脊线资料进行了统计分析。结果表明:采用降水量作为雨季划分标准,以副热带高压脊线位置作为多雨季划分标准,可得出辽宁各地雨季、多雨季常年起止时间,历年最早、最晚起止时间,从而使雨季、多雨季得以定时、定量预报,进而为防灾、减灾工作提供气象依据。同时得出,辽宁平均雨季降水量占全年平均降水量的60.8%,95%的区域性暴雨(暴雨站数大于等于3)出现在雨季时段内,雨季日数与雨季期间暴雨次数相关系数为0.97,与雨季期间总降水量相关系数为0.98;较强降水过程、重大洪涝灾害集中在多雨季,多雨季时段内辽宁大范围区域性暴雨(暴雨站数大于等于10)次数占全年总次数的70%。多雨季日数的长短一定程度上决定了大范围区域性暴雨的次数,同时决定了多雨季期间的总降水量。 相似文献
13.
Sofia Mardero Birgit Schmook Zachary Christman Sarah E. Metcalfe Betsab&#; De la Barreda-Bautista 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,140(1):129-144
This study addresses changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation from 1982 to 2016 from three meteorological stations around Calakmul, Mexico, a landscape balancing biodiversity conservation and smallholder agricultural production. Five methods were used to assess changes in precipitation: the Mann-Kendall test of annual and wet season trends; a fuzzy-logic approach to determine the onset of the rainy season; the Gini Index and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) to evaluate the temporal distribution of precipitation; Simple Precipitation Intensity Index (SDII) to evaluate precipitation intensity; and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) to identify the deficit or surplus of rainfall compared with the long-term mean. Overall, rainfall trends in Calakmul over this period indicate a slight increase, though results of the indices (Gini, SDII, PCI) all indicate that rainfall has become more intense and more unevenly distributed throughout the year. There was no significant trend in the onset date of rainfall or the RAI overall, though there were more pronounced crests and troughs from 2004 to 2016. Higher interannual variability and more pronounced rainfall anomalies, both positive and negative, suggest that rainfall in the Calakmul region has become more extreme. This research informs for management and livelihood strategies in the local region and offers insights for analyses of regional patterns of seasonal precipitation events in tropical landscapes worldwide. 相似文献
14.
Temporal rainfall variability in the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa during the twentieth century
Michael Kizza Allan Rodhe Chong-Yu Xu Henry K. Ntale Sven Halldin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,98(1-2):119-135
Water resources systems are designed and operated on assumption of stationary hydrology. Existence of trends and other changes in the data invalidates this assumption, and detection of the changes in hydrological time series should help us revise the approaches used in assessing, designing and operating our systems. In addition, trend and step change studies help us understand the impact of man’s activities (e.g. urbanisation, deforestation, dam construction, agricultural activities, etc.) on the hydrological cycle. Trends and step changes in the seasonal and annual total rainfall for 20 stations in the Lake Victoria basin were analysed. The seasonal rainfall for any station in a given year was defined in two ways: (1) fixed time period where the rainy seasons were taken as occurring from March–May (long rains) and from October–December (short rains); and (2) variable periods where the rainy seasons were taken as the three consecutive months with maximum total rainfall covering the period of January–June (long rains) and July–December (short rains), to take into account the fact that the onset of rainy seasons within the basin varies from year to year and from one station to the next. For each station, sub datasets were derived covering different periods (all available data at the station, 1941–1980, 1961–1990, 1971–end of each station’s time series). The trends were analysed using the Mann-Kendall method, while the step changes were analysed using the Worsley Likelihood method. The results show that positive trends predominate, with most stations showing trend being located in the northern part of the basin, though this pattern is not conclusive. In all, 17% of the cases have trends, of which 67% are positive. The 1960s represent a significant upward jump in the basin rainfall. Seasonal rainfall analysis shows that the short rains tend to have more trends than the long rains. The impact of the varying month of onset of the rainy season is that the results from analyzing the fixed-period and variable-period time series are rarely the same, meaning the two series have different characteristics. It may be argued that the variable-period time series are more reliable as a basis for analysing trends and step changes, since these time series reflect more closely the actual variability in rainy seasons from one year to the next. The fixed-period analysis would, on the other hand, find more practical use in planning. 相似文献
15.
利用1958—2004年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和我国730站降水资料分析了南海夏季风爆发后影响到华南地区的时间差异及其环流变化特征。结果表明:南海夏季风向北推进影响到华南地区的时间存在明显差异，最早的可以1 d就推进影响到华南地区，最晚的却要42 d，并且这种变化具有明显的年代际变化特征，即20世纪70年末以前，南海夏季风影响到华南地区的时间总体上要偏早，而70年代末以后，南海夏季风影响到华南地区的时间总体上要偏晚；当南海夏季风建立后，若东亚大槽较深，冷空气活动较活跃，索马里越赤道气流形成的西南风、110°~120°E地区越赤道气流形成的偏南风以及副热带高压西侧边缘的偏南风均偏弱，南亚高压和东亚地区急流位置偏南，就会使得南海夏季风影响到华南地区的时间偏晚，反之，则偏早；南海夏季风推进影响到华南地区的时间偏晚（早）年期间，索马里、105°E和130°E越赤道气流输送的水汽通量和西太平洋副热带高压南部的东南气流水汽输送均较弱（强），华南地区前汛期的锋面降水较强（弱）。 相似文献
16.
通过1961—2012年铜仁市各站的逐日降雨量统计出雨季开始期,利用EOF和小波分析方法,得出铜仁市雨季开始期的空间分布特征及时间演变特点:铜仁雨季开始期主要是各地一致偏早(晚)型,其次是西北部与东南部雨季开始期呈反位相变化;雨季开始期偏晚年份为1975、1976、1986、1988、1995、1996、2005、2007、2011年,偏早年份为1961、1977、1989、1990、1993、2002、2008年;1985年之后,雨季开始期2～4 a变化周期显著。同时,利用NCEP/NCAR月平均北半球500 hPa环流资料,分析铜仁雨季开始期偏早年与偏晚年的3—5月之间的环流差异,让政府决策部门和公众对铜仁市雨季开始期时空演变特征有较为清晰的认识,也为更好预测雨季开始期奠定基础。 相似文献
17.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed byusing daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stationsfrom January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well asTBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset dateof summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than thenormal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and thenpropagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows thatthere is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches ofYangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical westernPacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lagcorrelation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropicalwestern Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulationwith a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descendingregion of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical highover western Pacific and vice versa. 相似文献
18.
2001年云南雨季开始偏早与孟加拉湾季风爆发的关系 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
分析2001年云南雨季开始期东南亚环流形势的逐日演变,并用OLR资料分析了雨季开始前东南亚对流活动的逐日演变。指出云南雨季开始受孟加拉湾季风影响,孟加拉湾季风爆发早且偏强,导致云南2001年雨季开始偏早,雨量偏多,在预报云南雨季开始时东南亚地区环流的季节调整及对流活动的北上应是重要因素。 相似文献
19.
江淮梅雨季节强降雨过程特征分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了便于识别梅雨季节江淮地区的强降雨过程,促进汛期强降雨过程的预报方法研究,使用中国国家级地面气象站逐日观测资料,提出了一种划分江淮梅雨季节强降雨过程的客观方法,并对江淮梅雨季节内强降雨过程的特征进行了分析。结果表明:该方法能有效划分出江淮梅雨季节的强降雨过程,划分结果与预报业务中的划分结果具有较高的一致性,便于在业务中应用。在江淮梅雨季节内,梅雨期的强降雨过程存在明显的年际变化且与梅雨强、弱密切相关,强梅雨年具有较多的强降雨过程以及过程累积强降雨日,强梅雨年的强降雨过程具有持续性、反复性和频发性的特征。弱梅雨年则相反。近56年来梅雨期强降雨过程累积雨量在整个江淮地区有线性增加的趋势,且江苏南部至浙江北部地区雨量增大的趋势最为显著。梅雨期强降雨过程累积雨量及雨日的空间分布是一致的,最大区域中心均位于安徽西南部、江西东北部及湖北东部等地。按照此客观划分方法确定的梅雨期的强降雨过程累积雨量与梅雨期总雨量具有较为相似的时空变化特征。 相似文献
20.
汛期内我国中东部地区的雨季是东亚夏季风推进过程中的重要产物,主要包括华南前汛期、梅雨、华北雨季和华西秋雨等,各地雨季决定了我国中东部地区汛期的旱涝布局和旱涝演变,是我国汛期预测和服务的重点。该文回顾了4个雨季特征及影响因子方面的研究进展,在此基础上梳理物理概念预测模型。研究显示:海温异常是影响各区域雨季的重要先兆信号,但不同雨季的年际和年代际变化特征不同,海温作为外强迫信号的影响程度和时空形式也有差异。利用热带太平洋东西海温差指标能更好地解释华南前汛期降水的年际变化。而与梅雨的年际变化分量相关联的海温关键区主要分布于热带,与年代际或多年代际变化分量相联系的海温关键区则来自中高纬度。华北雨季降水的强弱不仅与ENSO循环的位相有关,更多受到ENSO演变速率的影响。而影响华西秋雨的海温关键区随着年代际背景的变化发生了改变,需要重新诊断和建模。 相似文献