共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
应用湿位涡理论，对发生在广西境内由台风减弱的低压引发的大暴雨过程进行诊断。结果表明：暴雨产生在θe面陡峭密集区附近，θe陡立密集区附近易导致湿斜压涡度发展；当对流层低层MPV1〈0，同时MPV2〉0时，暴雨易发生，暴雨产生在高低空正负湿位涡柱的下方；对流层高层高值湿位涡下传，使得对流层低层稳定度降低，导致对流不稳定能量释放，有利于暴雨产生。低层西南暖湿气流加强，不稳定能量在释放的同时不断得到补充，使得暴雨增幅。 相似文献
2.
山东春季一次罕见暴雨天气的湿位涡分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
应用湿位涡理论,对2003年4月发生在山东境内的一次罕见暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:这次暴雨产生在925hPa以下θe线陡立密集区附近,θe线陡立密集区附近对流稳定度较小,有利于湿斜压涡度发展;湿位涡在这次暴雨过程前期700hPa上ξMPV1<0,ξMPV2>0的演变,综合反映了暴雨区对流不稳定及斜压不稳定的增强;对流层高层高值湿位涡下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放,使降水增幅,也是低涡东移发展为气旋的重要机制。 相似文献
3.
等熵位涡在一次淮河流域大暴雨分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°逐日再分析资料、常规气象观测资料,通过等熵位涡理论对淮河流域2009年9月24—25日的大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:淮河流域对流层低层的中尺度低涡的发生发展与此次暴雨密切相关;315 K等熵位涡高值中心的移动和强度变化很好地反映出中尺度低涡系统的发展变化情况,其移动方向与雨带走向一致,降水落区主要位于等熵位涡高值中心轴线移动方向右侧的强西南气流处,对应于345 K等熵面上干冷空气移动方向前部的暖湿区内;在暴雨发展强盛时期,淮河流域暴雨区上空从对流层高层至低层均存在明显的正等熵位涡平流,干冷空气的侵入使得低涡加强发展,辐合上升运动增强,有利于暴雨的增幅,这是引发此次暴雨过程重要的触发机制。 相似文献
4.
"碧丽斯"台风暴雨影响广西的湿位涡诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
应用湿位涡理论,对发生在广西境内由台风减弱的低压引发的大暴雨过程进行诊断。结果表明:暴雨产生在eθ面陡峭密集区附近,eθ陡立密集区附近易导致湿斜压涡度发展;当对流层低层M PV 1<0,同时M PV 2>0时,暴雨易发生,暴雨产生在高低空正负湿位涡柱的下方;对流层高层高值湿位涡下传,使得对流层低层稳定度降低,导致对流不稳定能量释放,有利于暴雨产生。低层西南暖湿气流加强,不稳定能量在释放的同时不断得到补充,使得暴雨增幅。 相似文献
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应用湿位涡理论,分析了2004年7月16～17日的强暴雨个例,发现有利于强降水发生的湿位涡场分布特征对流低层MPV1<0、同时MPV2>0,有利于强降水发生.暴雨发生时,对流高层表现对流稳定,即MPV1>0,低层MPV1<0,为湿对流不稳定区;当两者相互作用时,即当高层干冷空气下滑与上升的低空高温高湿的空气交汇,容易储存和释放对流不稳定能量,利于暴雨的发生. 低层西南急流不仅为暴雨的发生提供了丰沛的水汽,也为暴雨的发生提供了足够的热力和动力,因而使MPV2增大,垂直涡度得到发展,降水加剧.湿位涡在夏季可以作为河南省预报暴雨的一个有效辅助工具. 相似文献
7.
2004—07—16河南大暴雨过程的湿位涡分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用湿位涡理论,分析了2004年7月16~17日的强暴雨个例,发现有利于强降水发生的湿位涡场分布特征:对流低层MPV1<0、同时MPV2>0,有利于强降水发生。暴雨发生时,对流高层表现对流稳定,即MPV1>0,低层MPV1<0,为湿对流不稳定区;当两者相互作用时,即当高层干冷空气下滑与上升的低空高温高湿的空气交汇,容易储存和释放对流不稳定能量,利于暴雨的发生。低层西南急流不仅为暴雨的发生提供了丰沛的水汽,也为暴雨的发生提供了足够的热力和动力,因而使MPV2增大,垂直涡度得到发展,降水加剧。湿位涡在夏季可以作为河南省预报暴雨的一个有效辅助工具。 相似文献
8.
利用自动气象站逐小时雨量资料和NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,应用湿位涡理论,对2011年6月江西汛期一次大暴雨过程的湿位涡的演变特征进行分析,其中主要分析了正压项(MPV1)和斜压项(MPV2)正负值范围以及其值的大小变化与暴雨强度、落区的关系。结果表明,此次大暴雨过程前期,以对流层低层的对流不稳定能量的释放为主。对流层低层MPV1<0,中高层MPV1>0,并且中高层有正值MPV1向低层输送,这样的高低空配置有利于低层对流不稳定能量的释放。低层MPV1等值线密集带零值线附近对应强降水中心区。此次大暴雨过程中后期,对流层中高层负值MPV2的绝对值和正值MPV1同时增大,其大值区南压,对流层中高层湿斜压性明显增强,使垂直涡度明显增大,同时伴随着对流层低层对流不稳定能量的释放,降水强度明显加强。从整个暴雨过程来看,暴雨落区的移动方向与对流层中高层MPV1正值区和MPV2负值区的移动方向一致,中高层湿斜压性的增强对暴雨增幅起了关键作用。 相似文献
9.
北京7.21暴雨低涡演变的湿位涡分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过诊断再分析资料和数值模拟结果,从中层湿位涡守恒和低层湿位涡变化的角度分别对北京7.21暴雨过程中中尺度低涡的演变进行分析。结果表明,暴雨前期,对流层中高层高湿位涡的冷空气扩散南下,冷空气到达华北地区上空时,在有利等熵面的引导下从稳定层结向不稳定层结快速下滑,产生了剧烈的正涡度个别变化,使得低涡得到发展加强。另一方面,等熵面上冷暖空气的剧烈交汇在增强雨势的同时,也使得对流层低层至中层产生明显的涡度制造。在不考虑稳定度影响时,低层的非绝热过程引起的湿位涡制造与低涡发展有着很好的正相关,二者在位置上和量级上都有很好的对应。进一步分析表明,非绝热加热的水平不均匀分布是引起湿位涡变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans. Significant progress has been made on the application of PV.
In recent decades there has been a substantial amount of work done on PV in a general moist atmosphere. In this paper PV and the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and their application in the tropical cyclones and mesoscale meteorological field are reviewed. The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither totally dry nor saturated) by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature. Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere. A new convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in connection with GMPV in order to diagnose the development of tropical deep convections. 相似文献
12.
In this paper,the continuity and thermodynamic equations including moisture forcings were derived.Using these two equations and the basic momentum equation of local Cartesian coordinates,the budget equation of generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) was derived.The GMPV equation is a good generalization of the Ertel potential vorticity(PV) and moist potential vorticity(MPV) equations.The GMPV equation is conserved under adiabatic,frictionless,barotropic,or saturated atmospheric conditions,and it is closely associated with the horizontal frontogenesis and stability of the real atmosphere.A real case study indicates that term diabatic heating could be a useful diagnostic tool for heavy rainfall events. 相似文献
13.
Dynamical and Thermal Problems in Vortex Development
and Movement. Part II: Generalized Slantwise
Vorticity Development 
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下载免费PDF全文 The development of vertical vorticity under adiabatic condition is investigated by virtue of the view of potential vorticity and potential temperature (PV-θ) and from a Lagrangian perspective. A new concept of generalized slantwise vorticity development (GSVD) is introduced for adiabatic condition. The GSVD is a coordinate independent framework of vorticity development (VD), which includes slantwise vorticity development (SVD) when a particle is sliding down the concave slope or up the convex slope of a sharply tilting isentropic surface under stable or unstable condition. The SVD is a special VD for studying the severe weather systems with rapid development of vertical vorticity. In addition, the GSVD clarifies VD and SVD. The criteria for VD and SVD demonstrate that the demand for SVD is much more restricted than the demand for VD. When an air parcel is moving down the concave slope or up the convex slope of a sharply tilting isentropic surface in a stable stratified atmosphere with its stability decreasing, or in an unstable atmosphere with its stability increasing, i.e., its stability θ z approaches zero, its vertical vorticity can develop rapidly if its C D is decreasing. The theoretical results are employed to analyze a Tibetan Plateau (TP) vortex (TPV), which appeared over the TP, then slid down and moved eastward in late July 2008, resulting in heavy rainfall in Sichuan Province and along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The change of PV 2 contributed to the intensification of the TPV from 0000 to 0600 UTC 22 July 2008 when it slid upward on the upslope of the northeastern edge of the Sichuan basin, since the changes in both horizontal vorticity η s and baroclinity θ s have positive effects on the development of vertical vorticity. At 0600 UTC 22 July 2008, the criterion for SVD at 300 K isentropic surface is satisfied, meaning that SVD occurred and contributed significantly to the development of vertical vorticity. The appearance of the stronger signals concerning the VD and SVD surrounding the vortex indicates that the GSVD concept can serve as a useful tool for diagnosing the development of weather systems. 相似文献
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15.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL VORTICITY INDUCED BY
VERTICAL SHEAR AND VERTICAL MOTION DURING A SQUALL LINE
PROCESS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The horizontal vorticity equation used in this study
was obtained using the equations of motion in the pressure
coordinate system without considering friction, to reveal its
relationship with vertical shear. By diagnostically analyzing
each term in the horizontal vorticity equation during a squall
line process that occurred on 19 June 2010, we found that the
non-thermal wind term had a negative contribution to the local
change of upward movement in the low-level atmosphere, and that
its impact changed gradually from negative to positive with
altitude, which could influence upward movement in the mid- and
upper-level atmosphere greatly. The contribution of upward
vertical transport to vertical movement was the largest in the
low-level atmosphere, but had negative contribution to the
upper-level atmosphere. These features were most evident in the
development stage of the squall line. Based on analysis of
convection cells along a squall line, we found that in the
process of cell development diabatic heating caused the
subsidence of constant potential temperature surface and non-
geostrophic motion, which then triggered strong convergence of
horizontal acceleration in the mid-level atmosphere and
divergence of horizontal acceleration in the upper-level
atmosphere. These changes of horizontal wind field could cause a
counterclockwise increment of the horizontal vorticity around
the warm cell, which then generated an increase of upward
movement. This was the main reason why the non-thermal wind term
had the largest contribution to the strengthening of upward
movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere. The vertical
transport of large value of horizontal vorticity was the key to
trigger convection in this squall line process. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原东北侧一次暴雪过程的湿位涡分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用NCEP（1°×1°）全球再分析格点资料,对青藏高原东北侧2002年10月18日一次暴雪天气进行诊断分析。结果表明：500 hPa北上的西南暖湿气流与东移南压的西北冷空气在36°N附近交汇形成的高原切变线是造成这次强降水的主要天气系统。暴雪发生在700 hPa湿位涡正压项MPV1正值密集带和湿位涡斜压项MPV2负值区中。由于等eθ线变得陡立密集,大气对流不稳定能量释放,MPV2绝对值增大,大气湿斜压性增强导致下滑倾斜涡度发展是形成此次暴雪的重要原因,它对暴雪预报有着很好的指示作用。 相似文献
17.
河北北部一次区域性暴雪过程的湿位涡分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用湿位涡理论及NCEP再分析资料(水平分辨率1°×1°),对2007年3月3—4日河北省北部出现的罕见区域性暴雪过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:500 hPa西来槽和地面气旋是造成大范围暴雪的主要天气系统。暴雪发生在700 hPa湿位涡正压项MPV1正值区和湿位涡斜压项MPV2负值区中。由于等θse线变得陡立密集,大气对流不稳定能量释放,MPV2绝对值增大,大气湿斜压性增强,导致下滑倾斜涡度发展,是形成此次暴雪的重要原因。湿位涡对暴雪预报有着很好的指示作用。 相似文献
18.
水平涡度与夏季风环流变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在斜压涡度发展理论的基础上，讨论了大尺度大气运动中水平涡度向垂直涡度转化的情况，并用以刻划夏季风变动。将声坐标中涡度方程的有关项在2坐标中分离出水平涡度向垂直涡度转化的主要项，经尺度分析得出，在对流层中、高层，这些转化项中的水平分量是大尺度大气斜压性涡度发展的主要因子。通过对1998年4—8月的GAME(GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment，全球能量和水分循环试验(GEWEX)的子试验：亚洲季风试验，简称GAME)再分析资料进行实际计算发现，转化项在东亚夏季风上升支的600 hPa及以上层次对P坐标垂直涡度的局地变化贡献很大，不能忽略。同时发现水平涡度向垂直涡度的转化对南海季风爆发和江淮梅雨入梅及其发展过程均有指示性意义。南海季风爆发以后，在中国东南部地区，转化项的大小与夏季风的活跃和中断等活动吻合，转化项的变化反映了西太平洋副高在中国大陆的活动规律。 相似文献
19.
阿克苏北部暴雨和冰雹湿位涡对比诊断分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
应用湿位涡理论，分别对阿克苏北部2次暴雨和冰雹过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：θse面陡立易导致湿斜压涡度发展，形成θse陡峭密集区，密集区内暴雨和冰雹容易发生；850hPa MPV1〈0和MPV2〉0以及700hPa MPV1〉0和MPV2〈0，易产生暴雨，且MPV1和MPV2数量级相当，即正压过程与斜压过程同样重要。冰雹发生时850hPa MPV1〉0和MPV2〈0，由于影响系统的不同，700hPa MPV1和MPV2分布有所不同，但存在MPV1和MPV2的正负配置，有利于倾斜涡度发展。 相似文献