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1.
利用地面和梯度塔的风连续观测数据进行的频谱分析已经开展很多,而受资料限制,高空风的频谱分析仍较欠缺。本文使用风廓线雷达获取的长时间序列连续测风数据,运用傅里叶变换的方法,计算了风的脉动谱密度。脉动谱能够反映不同频率的风速涨落对风动能的贡献。使用2012年4月江西宜春前汛期期间的高空风连续数据,结合地面降水资料进行了1 000～3 000 m高度区间的频谱分析,发现地处前汛期雨带上的宜春地区降水存在着两种不同时间周期的天气系统影响,脉动谱的分布表现出时间周期为5～7 d和2～3 d的峰值区。分别对两种不同时间周期的天气系统频谱进行了分析,并与平稳天气时的频谱进行比较。5～7 d周期峰区的脉动谱密度数值为2～3 d的4～5倍,脉动谱峰区在2 000～3 000 m高度上较强,峰值强度向下迅速降低;2～3 d周期的脉动谱峰区在低层比较明显,峰值强度较弱。风的脉动谱分布与地面降水的时间周期较为吻合。 相似文献
2.
降水条件下,风廓线雷达 (wind profiler radar,WPR) 能够同时接收到大气湍流回波和降水粒子的散射回波,降水信号谱与湍流信号谱叠加在一起。风廓线雷达计算水平风时,若采用叠加在一起的功率谱处理降水条件下的探测数据,必将导致后期水平风的合成严重失真。该文首先对原始功率谱数据进行插值和平滑处理,通过功率谱曲线极大值点的个数判断其是否受到降水影响。对于受到降水影响的功率谱,依据湍流谱和降水谱均趋于对称型的特点,用两种方法分别对不同特征的功率谱曲线进行湍流谱和降水谱的分离处理,继而利用分离出的湍流谱信号反演水平风场。研究选取广东省湛江站风廓线雷达2013年6月及7月两次实测降水过程,分析结果表明:用湍流谱代替原始功率谱反演的风场,一致性较处理前有明显提高,从而证明了该分离方法的可行性。 相似文献
3.
利用成都地区2010年8月和北京沙河地区2011年7—8月风廓线雷达以及多普勒天气雷达的风廓线探测资料,结合对应时段的天气现象相关记录,通过对比分析得到以下结论:①弱降水条件下,在300~2100m高度内,风廓线雷达与多普勒天气雷达探测具有很好的相关性,风向相关系数平均值为0.596,风速相关系数平均值为0.736,在做预报时两者可以同时应用,互为补充;②强降水天气条件下,风廓线雷达与多普勒天气雷达探测的风向、风速变化趋势基本一致,特别是在300~2100m之间各个高度上风向、风速相关性较好,风向相关系数平均值为0.573,风速相关系数为0.508,且风廓线雷达比多普勒天气雷达探测到的各层风向、风速变化更为详细、直观;③阴天条件下风廓线雷达与多普勒天气雷达的风向、风速相关性低层比高层好;④晴天条件下,风廓线雷达更适合用于预报和监测天气。 相似文献
4.
Rainfall is triggered and mainly dominated by atmospheric thermo-dynamics and rich water vapor.Nonetheless, turbulence is also considered as an important factor influencing the evolution of rainfall microphysical parameters. To study such an influence, the present study utilized boundary layer wind profiler radar measurements. The separation point of the radar power spectral density data was carefully selected to classify rainfall and turbulence signals;the turbulent dissipation rate ε and rainfall microphysical parameters can be retrieved to analyze the relationship betweenε and microphysical parameters. According to the retrievals of two rainfall periods in Beijing 2016, it was observed that(1) ε in the precipitation area ranged from 10~(-3.5) to 10~(-1) m~2 s~(-3) and was positively correlated with the falling velocity spectrum width;(2) interactions between turbulence and raindrops showed that small raindrops got enlarge through collision and coalescence in weak turbulence, but large raindrops broke up into small drops under strong turbulence, and the separation value of ε being weak or strong varied with rainfall attributes;(3) the variation of rainfall microphysical parameters(characteristic diameters, number concentration, rainfall intensity, and water content) in the middle stage were stronger than those in the early and the later stages of rainfall event;(4) unlike the obvious impacts on raindrop size and number concentration, turbulence impacts on rain rate and LWC were not significant because turbulence did not cause too much water vapor and heat exchange. 相似文献
5.
在降水条件下,风廓线雷达返回信号是湍流信号和降水信号的叠加,其功率谱数据中通常会出现双峰结构。该文通过双高斯拟合方法区分大气湍流信号功率谱和降水信号功率谱,去除大气湍流对降水信号谱的影响,反演得到较为精确的雨滴谱分布。研究表明:在风廓线雷达估算雨滴谱的过程中,双高斯拟合可将两峰有效分离,利用处理后的降水谱反演得到的雨滴谱均呈指数分布。选取北京延庆地区2006年和2012年具有代表性的降水资料,对比反演得到的不同强度和不同类型降雨的雨滴谱资料显示,这种估算雨滴谱的方法可行且可靠,利用双高斯拟合将双峰分离,可以达到风廓线雷达数据质量控制的目的,对于风廓线雷达在更为复杂的天气条件下应用具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
6.
利用2012-2017年阜阳多普勒雷达与L波段雷达测风数据进行对比分析,统计两者的相关性和测量误差,进一步了解多普勒雷达风廓线产品的准确性和可信度。结果表明:两者测风结果一致性较好,风向和风速相关系数分别为0.97和0.94,标准差分别为19.5°和2.65 m·s^(-1)。多普勒雷达风速总体上在同一高度比L波段雷达风速偏小,两者风速相对偏差平均为24.48%;风速标准差随高度增高呈增大趋势,在降水期间对比差值小于非降水;风向标准差在7 km以下呈递减趋势,8 km以上有小幅增加趋势;风速相关系数随高度增加呈增大趋势,除低空偏低以外,其他高度相关系数均较高。 相似文献
7.
Analysis of the Microphysical Properties of a Stratiform Rain Event Using an L-Band Profiler Radar 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper investigates spatial and temporal distributions of the microphysical properties of precipitating stratiform clouds based on Doppler spectra of rain particles observed by an L-band profiler radar.The retrieval of raindrop size distributions（RSDs） is accomplished through eliminating vertical air motion and isolating the terminal fall velocity of raindrops in the observed Doppler velocity spectrum.The microphysical properties of raindrops in a broad stratiform region with weak convective cells are studied using data collected from a 1320-MHz wind profiler radar in Huayin,Shaanxi Province on 14 May 2009.RSDs and gamma function parameters are retrieved at altitudes between 700 and 3000 m above the surface,below a melting layer.It is found that the altitude of the maximum number of raindrops was closely related to the surface rain rate.The maximum number of large drops was observed at lower altitudes earlier in the precipitation event but at higher altitudes in later periods,suggesting decreases in the numbers of large and medium size raindrops.These decreases may have been caused by the breakup of larger drops and evaporation of smaller drops as they fell.The number of medium size drops decreased with increasing altitude.The relationship between reflectivity and liquid water content during this precipitation event was Z = 1.69×10~4M~（1.5）,and the relationship between reflectivity and rain intensity was Z = 256I~（1.4）. 相似文献
8.
采用分钟级加密自动气象站观测资料,盐城、淮安和岳阳、荆州雷达探测数据,以及欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）高分辨率的ERA-Interim全球再分析数据,对比分析了2016年6月23日江苏阜宁龙卷灾害和2015年6月1日湖北监利下击暴流大风灾害的环境特征与超级单体的结构特征。结果表明:（1）两次强对流大风灾害发生在相似的低空环流背景下:风灾发生在低空急流出口区左侧的暖区内、850 hPa低涡中心东侧6—7个经距的位置;环境大气的对流有效位能大于2000 J/kg。但是风灾的类型不同,江苏阜宁大风灾害主要由超级单体龙卷造成,监利“东方之星”沉船事故主要是超级单体触发的下击暴流造成。短时强降水中心与风灾中心的相对位置不同:阜宁龙卷移动方向的左侧伴随着最强短时降水;湖北监利沉船事件发生期间,风灾中心与短时强降水中心基本重合。鉴于不同性质的对流大风位置与超级单体母体的中心位置对应关系上存在差异,通过比较地面观测的瞬时大风与瞬时强降水中心的相对位置将有助于区分强对流大风的性质。（2）环境风垂直切变强度对对流风暴结构、发展、维持有重要影响:阜宁龙卷发生时,其上空0—6 km风垂直切变达4×10-3 s-1,超级单体有明显的向前倾斜结构,形成有界弱回波区;而监利强对流沉船位置0—6 km风垂直切变只有2.3×10-3 s-1左右,风暴单体中的上升气流近乎于垂直。阜宁超级单体中气旋,首先出现在0—1.5 km风垂直切变和0—3 km风暴相对螺旋度带状大值区,在向抬升凝结高度更低的环境移动过程中,其底部不断下降,形成龙卷;而在监利沉船区,中低层风切变和风暴相对螺旋度相对要弱得多,对应风暴单体中的中气旋强度、持续性较弱,中气旋底部高度维持在1.6 km左右。（3）环境湿度垂直结构特征不同可能是风暴单体形成不同类型灾害大风的重要环境因子。监利下击暴流造成的风灾发生时,在地面气温迅速下降过程中,气压变化呈现快速跳升又快速下降的“尖锥”形,气压峰值比降水峰值提前4 min出现。它与对流层中高层环境大气中较为深厚的干空气卷入对流风暴中造成水物质强烈蒸发、冷却过程有关。而阜宁风灾过程中,环境大气中层仅存在非常浅薄的干层,加之低层较为深厚的饱和大气环境,对应的地面冷池效应相对较弱。 相似文献
9.
风廓线雷达系统误差和探测数据时空代表性影响风的数据质量。针对五波束探测风廓线雷达,提出雷达系统误差检测方法并分析风的空间不均匀分布和时间代表性对风数据质量的影响。在此基础上,通过比较4组三波束计算的两组水平风u,v分量离差进行风的空间均匀性判别,并比较了一致性平均和数学平均两种时间代表性处理算法间的测风精度差异。利用广东风廓线雷达站网2014年3—5月10部雷达数据进行方法应用和评估。结果表明:稳定大气条件下,3种型号雷达 (LC,PB,PA) 的有效数据高度分别达到3,6 km和10 km的雷达系统功能设计需求。经空间均匀性检验与时间一致性平均处理的风数据在降水期间质量优于业务雷达数据,3—5月10部雷达获取的两组u,v分量离差标准差约为1 m·s-1,表明经过空间一致性检验和时间一致性平均处理后的数据质量较好。 相似文献
10.
We analyzed the structure and evolution of turbulent transfer and the wind profile in the atmospheric boundary layer in relation to aerosol concentrations during an episode of heavy haze pollution from 6 December 2016 to 9 January 2017. The turbulence data were recorded at Peking University’s atmospheric science and environment observation station. The results showed a negative correlation between the wind speed and the PM2.5 concentration. The turbulence kinetic energy was large and showed obvious diurnal variations during unpolluted (clean) weather, but was small during episodes of heavy haze pollution. Under both clean and heavy haze conditions, the relation between the non-dimensional wind components and the stability parameter z/L followed a 1/3 power law, but the normalized standard deviations of the wind speed were smaller during heavy pollution events than during clean periods under near-neutral conditions. Under unstable conditions, the normalized standard deviation of the potential temperature σ θ /|θ*| was related to z/L, roughly following a –1/3 power law, and the ratio during pollution days was greater than that during clean days. The three-dimensional turbulence energy spectra satisfied a –2/3 power exponent rate in the high-frequency band. In the low-frequency band, the wind velocity spectrum curve was related to the stability parameters under clear conditions, but was not related to atmospheric stratification under polluted conditions. In the dissipation stage of the heavy pollution episode, the horizontal wind speed first started to increase at high altitudes and then gradually decreased at lower altitudes. The strong upward motion during this stage was an important dynamic factor in the dissipation of the heavy haze. 相似文献
11.
利用常规天气资料、自动站资料、江西WebGIS雷达拼图、风廓线雷达等资料，对2020年5月9日发生在江西省上饶市广丰区局地极端大风天气的回波演变特征和形成机理进行分析。结果表明：（1）广丰区国家气象观测站出现的35.5 m·s-1极端大风，为该站建站以来的历史极值；（2）江西高空具有明显的高层辐散，配合高空槽、低层较强辐合和上干冷下暖湿的层结条件，为风暴发展提供了良好的动力条件；（3）导致广丰区极端大风天气的是A、B单体回波合并为超级单体回波后又发展成弓状回波结构所致；（4）江西东部走廊对大风的影响十分明显；极端大风过境时，具有气压上升，降水增大，风向突变，风速巨变，温度和露点下降等特征；（5）风廓线雷达上1 000 m以上低空突然风向逆转，风速突增是出现地面大风的信号。 相似文献
12.
E. L. Deacon 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1973,5(3):321-340
Data on the relationship of the surface wind to the geostrophic wind at Porton Down, Salisbury Plain, are presented for various
stability conditions and analysed in the light of the Rossbynumber similarity theory. For near-neutral conditions, the geostrophic
drag coefficients for geostrophic wind speeds 5 to 15 m s-1 are close to those found by other workers but at higher speeds the values are low. Comparisons of geostrophic and radar wind
speeds for ⋍900-m height, suggest that undetectably small mean cyclonic curvatures of the trajectories of the air are responsible
for this departure.
A value of the geostrophic drag coefficient for the open sea at wind speeds around 8 m s-1 (neutral conditions) is deduced from recent observations of the drag in relation to the surface wind, combined with the ratios
of 900-mb radar wind to surface wind obtained from the North Atlantic weather ship data tabulations of Findlater et al. (1966). 相似文献
13.
风廓线雷达与天气雷达风廓线数据的融合及应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
风廓线雷达与多普勒天气雷达风廓线产品均可以获取高时间分辨率的高空风信息,但两种遥感测风的探测原理及时空代表性不同。在对风廓线雷达进行质量控制处理、剔除降水粒子空间不均匀分布对数据可信度影响之后,根据风廓线雷达与天气雷达风廓线数据探测原理差异,进行不同时间代表性的风廓线数据的空间匹配试验,确定与天气雷达风廓线数据进行融合的风廓线雷达数据最优时间分辨率,结果为1 h。利用2015年7月北京南郊观象台的探空、风廓线雷达、天气雷达测风数据进行三种高空风的一致性比对,结果表明三种测风数据具有较好的一致性,均方根误差分别为2.3和2.5 m·s~(-1);60、30以及6 min不同时间代表性风廓线雷达数据与天气雷达风廓线数据之间的均方根误差分别为2.6、2.8及3.1 m·s~(-1),60 min数据的融合效果最佳,低空尤其明显。利用广东省2014年5月的风廓线雷达观测网以及天气雷达网风廓线数据进行了高空风场的融合分析试验,融合分析场提供了更为丰富的高空中尺度水平风场信息,低空的涡旋更加明显。 相似文献
14.
Günther Heinemann 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(1):49-81
Turbulence structures in the katabatic flow in the stable boundary layer (SBL) over the ice sheet are studied for two case studies with high wind speeds during the aircraft-based experiment KABEG (Katabatic wind and boundary layer front experiment around Greenland) in the area of southern Greenland. The aircraft data allow the direct determination of turbulence structures in the katabatic flow. For the first time, this allows the study of the turbulence structure in the katabatic wind system over the whole boundary layer and over a horizontal scale of 80 km.The katabatic flow is associated with a low-level jet (LLJ), with maximum wind speeds up to 25 m s-1. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the magnitude of the turbulent fluxes show a strong decrease below the LLJ. Sensible heat fluxes at the lowest level have values down to -25 W m-2. Latent heat fluxes are small in general, but evaporation values of up to +13 W m-2 are also measured. Turbulence spectra show a well-defined inertial subrange and a clear spectral gap around 250-m wavelength. While turbulence intensity decreases monotonously with height above the LLJ for the upper part of the slope, high spectral intensities are also present at upper levels close to the ice edge. Normalized fluxes and variances generally follow power-law profiles in the SBL.Terms of the TKE budget are computed from the aircraft data. The TKE destruction by the negative buoyancy is found to be very small, and the dissipation rate exceeds the dynamical production. 相似文献
15.
使用中国气象局大气探测综合试验基地35 GHz毫米波云雷达和L波段风廓线雷达2016年5月1日-7月31日在降水条件下的观测数据,根据不同观测模式下两部雷达得到的数据,计算在一定高度区间内不同下落速度的降水粒子反射率因子变化量,初步分析不同下落速度的降水粒子对毫米波衰减的影响。结果表明:在持续时间较长的层状云降水且降水粒子在雷达观测范围内均匀分布条件下,毫米波衰减与降水粒子下落速度呈近似线性关系,且毫米波经过的路径长度越长,衰减越大;毫米波在经过1110~2430 m,1110~3510 m的高度区间时,下落速度处于3.5~7.5 m·s-1之间的降水粒子对毫米波的衰减作用导致毫米波云雷达所测的等效反射率因子分别减小约1~7 dB和2~11 dB。 相似文献
16.
福建省风廓线雷达资料在一次强对流天气过程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用福建省永安站的CFL-03边界层风廓线雷达提供的资料,分析了福建省永安市2012年4月1l～12日的一次强对流天气过程,结果表明：风廓线雷达水平风资料可以相对连续地反映测站上空风场垂直结构和变化特点,直观而精细地反映出天气过程的演变特征。风廓线实况中的风向风速变化,可指示高空槽和气旋配合过境的情况,判断中低空急流的强弱;强降水出现前风随高度的变化存在着明显不连续现象,风向风速切变明显。这些特征可作为对降水性质、落区、持续时间等作出短时或临近预报的依据。垂直风资料可反映出降水的开始、结束和降水的强度,其波动发展的高度成为判断对流发展强弱的一个重要指标。降水期间功率谱密度出现双峰谱甚至多峰谱,而降雹时间段波束图出现了速度模糊,证明强对流系统通过测站。风廓线雷达对天气发展趋势提供可靠的指示作用。 相似文献
17.
利用常规站资料、ERA5资料（0.25°×0.25°）以及务川雷达和铜仁新一代多普勒天气雷达资料对2022年4月24日发生在贵州铜仁市多个区（县）的一次雷暴大风过程进行分析,结果表明：（1）此次天气过程是发生上干下湿的不稳定环境中,高空槽、南支槽、低涡、切变线和地面辐合线都为此次强对流天气过程提供了触发条件。（2）大的DCAPE值、中层中等强度的垂直风切变和低层较强的垂直风切变以及较大的850hPa与500hPa的温差都是利于大风产生的条件。（3）大风常常出现在弓形回波前部突出处,高悬的强回波、弱回波区、高的回波顶高以及径向速度中出现逆风区和强并且深厚的中层径向辐合等都是出现大风天气的雷达产品特征。 相似文献
18.
ZHENG Jiafeng ZHANG Jie ZHU Keyun LIU Liping LIU Yanxia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):607-623
Gust front is a kind of meso-and micro-scale weather phenomenon that often causes serious ground wind and wind shear. This paper presents an automatic gust front identification algorithm. Totally 879 radar volume-scan samples selected from 21 gust front weather processes that occurred in China between 2009 and 2012 are examined and analyzed. Gust front echo statistical features in reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width fields are obtained. Based on these features, an algorithm is designed to recognize gust fronts and generate output products and quantitative indices. Then, 315 samples are used to verify the algorithm and 3 typical cases are analyzed. Major conclusions include： 1） for narrow band echoes intensity is between 5 and 30 dBZ, widths are between 2 and 10 km, maximum heights are less than 4 km （89.33%are lower than 3 km）, and the lengths are between 50 and 200 km. The narrow-band echo is higher than its surrounding echo. 2） Gust fronts present a convergence line or a wind shear in the velocity field;the frontal wind speed gradually decreases when the distance increases radially outward. Spectral widths of gust fronts are large, with 87.09% exceeding 4 m s-1 . 3） Using 315 gust front volume-scan samples to test the algorithm reveals that the algorithm is highly stable and has successfully recognized 277 samples. The algorithm also works for small-scale or weak gust fronts. 4） Radar data quality has certain impact on the algorithm. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Airborne measurements of mean wind velocity and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer under wintertime conditions of cold offshore advection suggest that at a height of 50 m the mean wind speed increases with offshore distance by roughly 20% over a horizontal scale of order 10 km. Similarly, the vertical gust velocity and turbulent kinetic energy decay on scales of order 3.5 km by factors of 1.5 and 3.2, respectively. The scale of cross‐shore variations in the vertical fluxes of heat and downwind momentum is also 10 km, and the momentum flux is found to be roughly constant to 300 m, whereas the heat flux decreases with height. The stability parameter, z/L (where z = 50 m and L is the local Monin‐Obukhov length), is generally small over land but may reach order one over the warm ocean. The magnitude and horizontal length scales associated with the offshore variations in wind speed and turbulence are reasonably consistent with model results for a simple roughness change, but a more sophisticated model is required to interpret the combined effects of surface roughness and heat flux contrasts between land and sea. Comparisons between aircraft and profile‐adjusted surface measurements of wind speed indicate that Doppler biases of 1–2 m s?1 in the aircraft data caused by surface motions must be accounted for. In addition, the wind direction measurements of the Minimet anemometer buoy deployed in CASP are found to be in error by 25 ± 5°, possibly due to a misalignment of the anemometer vane. The vertical fluxes of heat and momentum show reasonably good agreement with surface estimates based on the Minimet data. 相似文献
20.
利用三维变分方法对2014年3月30—31日华南一次强飑线过程进行风场反演,经与风廓线雷达探测结果、双多普勒天气雷达反演结果、原始径向速度数据等对比分析,得到如下结论：三维变分方法反演的中低层水平风场与风廓线雷达探测到的结果较为一致,且能很好地表现飑线过境时的风向切变;通过与双多普勒雷达风场反演结果对比发现,两种方法得到的风场空间分布十分相似,均能很好地表现2 km高度上系统内部强带状回波前缘的辐合线以及5 km高度上较弱的辐散;三维变分方法反演的水平风场与径向速度场有较好的一致性,2 km高度强回波带前缘阵风锋处的辐合线位置以及5 km和8 km高度上辐散区的位置均与径向速度场十分吻合;三维变分方法反演的垂直速度能较好地反映该飑线过程中气流的上升和下沉运动,平行于飑线方向的气流变化较小,而系统气流变化主要沿垂直于飑线的方向。三维变分方法反演的飑线系统的三维风场结构合理,反演结果可靠。 相似文献