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夏季西太平洋副热带高压的不同类型与中国汛期大尺度旱涝的分布 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用历史数据,研究了西太平洋副热带高压指数的特征,证实脊线指数和西伸脊点指数可以较好地描述西太平洋副热带高压,同时也指出这两个指数的年际和年代际变化及其不同的配置,是造成中国夏季降水时空分布和旱涝异常的复杂性、多变性的主要原因之一。据此,将西太平洋副热带高压西伸脊点指数和脊线指数的距平投影到二维平面上,对西太平洋副热带高压进行了分类,并对其各种类型下中国夏季降水进行了合成分析,发现夏季西太平洋副热带高压西伸脊点和脊线不同配置下中国夏季降水的总体分布具有明显的规律性:在西太平洋副热带高压脊线偏北的情况下,夏季降水总体表现出南北两条雨带;在西太平洋副热带高压脊线正常的情况下,夏季降水总体表现为北多南少,长江以北降水偏多;在西太平洋副热带高压脊线偏南的情况下,夏季降水总体表现为南多北少,长江流域及其以南地区降水偏多;上述3种情况下西伸脊点越偏西,降水范围越大。此外,通过计算1951—2010年各年夏季降水实况与其西太平洋副热带高压所属年份夏季降水合成的距平相关系数,发现同一类型下各年夏季降水与其合成分布总体相似,说明了西太平洋副热带高压位置对中国降水具有明显的影响,同时也说明此种分类具有一定的合理性。最后,通过对9种西太平洋副热带高压类型下北半球夏季500hPa高度场和850hPa风场距平分别进行合成,对不同西太平洋副热带高压类型下中国夏季降水的大尺度环流背景和可能机理进行了分析。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2017,(4)
利用贵州85个气象观测站1979—2015年6—8月逐月降水资料、2011—2015逐日降水资料、国家气候中心副高指数及NCEP第二套再分析资料对西太平洋副热带高压与贵州夏季降水的关系进行了分析,并对副高位置发生变化时贵州暴雨带的变化进行了对比,结果表明:(1)贵州夏季大部分区域的降水与副高面积指数、强度指数为正相关,与脊线位置、西伸脊点为负相关;当副高面积增大或强度增强时,对应贵州夏季降水偏多;降水偏多时,6—8月副高的位置偏西或接近平均年份;降水偏少年,副高位置偏东或接近平均年份,且无论偏多(少)年均具有逐步北推东退的趋势。(2)面积指数、强度指数与降水在2~4 a较为显著的凝聚共振关系,二者基本为同位相变化;副高脊线位置、西伸脊点与降水具有2 a的凝聚共振关系,二者与降水均呈反位相变化,脊线位置(西伸脊点)的变化明显超前于降水的变化。(3)贵州6—8月出现暴雨天气时,副高脊线的平均位置具有逐步北推的趋势,且贵州暴雨日数先增加后减少,西伸脊点具有逐步西进的趋势,且贵州暴雨日数逐步增加;当脊线位置位于25°—29°N或西伸脊点位于90°—100°E时贵州暴雨日数最多。 相似文献
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西太平洋副热带高压强度和东亚地表热通量的年代际变化特征及关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR的月平均再分析资料以及中国国家气候中心的西太平洋副热带高压(副高)强度资料,分析了西太平洋副高强度、500hPa环流场以及东亚地表感热、潜热通量场的年代际变化特征,发现各个季节的西太平洋副高强度及其环流形势均存在一定的年代际变化,变化发生的时间为1978年前后,20世纪70年代中期以后副高强度有所增强。副高强度在季节间的延续性也发生了一定的年代际变化,1978年以后季节间的延续性增强,全时段的延续性受后一时段的影响较大。东亚地表感热、潜热通量场也存在明显的年代际变化,感热通量的变化关键区在大陆上,主要为青藏高原东、西部,其发生年代际变化要早于西太平洋副高强度变化的时间(20世纪60年代中后期),但它们发生差异变化的时间则接近西太平洋副高强度发生年代际变化的时间,在20世纪60年代中后期以前,高原感热通量体现为稳定的西高东低,而20世纪70年代中期以后则转为稳定的东高西低,其中,近10年时间为调整过渡期,因此,它们各自的年代际变化所造成的影响会有所滞后。潜热通量的变化关键区则位于海洋上,主要是西太平洋地区,1978年以前春季地表潜热通量距平为南正北负,之后转为南负北正,而夏季潜热通量距平则... 相似文献
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本文给出了热带地区大气边界层顶的垂直速度,并以此对积云对流加热进行了参数化。用垂直二层楼式讨论了在积云对流加热作用下赤道波的线性稳定性性质。结果表明,在加热强度因子η=O(1)的情况下,由波动自身在大气低层的辐散辐合进行参数化的积云对流加热仅仅引起波动的频率修正,它对波动的不稳定增长率没有贡献;而由边界层旋转抽吸进行参数化的积云对流加热可直接引起波动的不稳定增长。当η>0.5时,由边界层旋转抽吸进行参数化的积云对流加热便使赤道波出现不稳定增长;重力型波动均存在有限波长的最大增长率;Rossby型波动的不稳定增长率远较重力型波动大。此外,由边界层旋转抽吸进行参数化的积云对流加热也会引起波动的频率修正。在此修正下,Kelvin波成为频散波. 相似文献
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Previous studies have often used the 500 hPa geopotential height to define indices of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). However, some studies reported that global warming caused a significant increase in geopotential height, particularly at the middle and lower latitudes, leading artificial results about long-term trend of the WPSH. To avoid the spurious signals resulting from global warming, this study first redefines the area, intensity, westward ridge point and ridge line indices of the WPSH by adopting the stream function R of horizontal circulation in the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation (3P-DGAC). Subsequently, the climatic characteristics of the WPSH in summer are investigated by applying the new indices based on four reanalysis datasets. The results show that the circulation features of the WPSH could be revealed by the stream function R in 3P-DGAC. Moreover, the rain belt over East Asia is located at the northwest periphery of the zero-value isoline of the stream function R. We conclude that the climatological average WPSH is contracted and retreated eastward during 1979–2018 relative to 1948–1978. Nevertheless, by analyzing interdecadal changes of the time series of the new indices during 1948–2018, we find that area and intensity indices decrease with time before the end of 1970s and increase slightly with time after the end of 1970s, the western ridge point index moves eastward with time before the end of the 1970s and moves westward slightly with time after the end of 1970s, as well as there is no obvious interdecadal variations in the ridge line index. Because of the evident dynamical meaning, the stream function R in 3P-DGAC can be used as an objective indicator to describe the interdecadal variation of the WPSH under global warming.
相似文献14.
Interdecadal Variations of the Western Pacific Subtropical High and Surface Heat Flux over East Asia and Their Relationship 
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下载免费PDF全文 The interdecadal variation of intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) during the period 1951-2001 is studied by using data from the National Climate Center(NCC),China Meteorological Administration.The characteristics of the circulations at 500 hPa and the surface heat flux over East Asia are also analyzed based on the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data.The results reveal that the WPSH and the circulations exhibit interdecadal variations around 1978,with enhancing intensities.The interseasonal persistence of the WPSH intensity alters correspondingly to some extent,which is more significant during 1978-2001 than during 1951-1978.The surface heat flux over East Asia also displays a remarkable interdecadal variation,which leads that of the WPSH intensity.The key variation areas of the surface sensible heat flux(SSHF) are mainly located over the eastern and western Tibetan Plateau around the late 1960s.However,the difference of the SSHF between the eastern and western Plateau exhibits a change in the mid 1970s,close to the time of the abrupt climate change of the WPSH intensity.The SSHF of the Plateau stably increases in the west and decreases in the east before the mid-late 1960s,while it stably increases in the east and decreases in the west after the mid-1970s.On the other hand,the key variation area of the surface latent heat flux(SLHF) is mainly situated over the West Pacific(WP),where the SLHF anomaly in spring changes from positive to negative in the south before 1978,but from negative to positive in the north after 1978;while in summer it turns from positive to negative all over the WP after 1978.The interdecadal variation of SLHF in both spring and summer corresponds well to the interdecadal variation of the WPSH intensity in the same season.The notable correlation between the WPSH intensity and SSHF(or SLHF) maintains without any change although each of these qnantities varies on the interdecadal scale. 相似文献
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东亚季风指数及其与大尺度热力环流年际变化关系 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
将东西向海平面气压差与低纬度高、低层纬向风切变相结合 ,定义了东亚季风指数 ,该季风指数较好地反映了东亚冬、夏季风变化。其中 ,夏季风指数年际异常对西太平洋副热带高压南北位置变化和长江中下游旱涝具有较强的反映能力。分析表明 :东亚夏季风年际变化与印度洋 -西太平洋上空反 Walker环流及夏季越赤道南北半球间的季风环流呈显著正相关关系。在强、弱异常东亚夏季风年份 ,异常的 Walker环流在西太平洋上的辐合 (辐散 )中心在垂直方向不重合 ,高层 ( 2 0 0 h Pa)速度势与东亚夏季风显著相关区域位于西北太平洋上 ,该异常环流的高层的辐合 (辐散 )通过改变低层空气质量而影响夏季 50 0 h Pa西北太平洋副热带高压。采用 SVD分析进一步发现 :与海温耦合的异常 Walker环流在西太平洋上空的上升支表现出南北半球关于赤道非对称结构 ,亚澳季风区受该异常 Walker环流控制。因而 ,东亚季风与热带海气相互作用可直接通过这种纬向非对称的 Walker环流发生联系。 相似文献
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该文对2011年我国夏季降水情况进行简要回顾,并对3月制作的夏季降水动力统计客观定量化和动力统计-诊断预测结果进行检验。以长江中下游地区为例,对比说明了两种预测方法选取因子的差异及动力统计-诊断较动力统计客观定量化预测结果有一定提高的原因。在此基础上,分析了导致2011年夏季主雨带较预测结果偏南的影响因素,并进一步探讨了大气环流特别是中高纬度阻塞高压和低纬度西太平洋副热带高压异常的可能成因。结果表明:2011年夏季主雨带偏南主要是中高纬度阻塞形势与低纬度副热带高压的季节内异常振荡及二者逐月不同配置的产物,而中高纬度阻塞形势与低纬度副热带高压的季节内异常振荡是由海温、积雪等外强迫及东亚环流系统内部成员相互作用所致。 相似文献
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本文运用月降水量、500hPa、100hPa月平均高度场和海平面气压场，在对50a华北夏季旱涝等级重新评定的基础上，分析了与华北夏季旱涝年对应的环流异常特征。结果表明华北旱涝年，对应整个北半球上各层都存在显著的环流异常变化。旱年500hPa环流异常使得极涡偏心，相应乌拉尔山和北美的气候槽偏强；中纬度位于华北的平均槽东移到朝鲜日本一带，而西部脊东移控制华北；低纬西太平洋副高偏东，印度低压槽偏弱。涝年则相反。在海平面气压场上，除了在与高层对应的显著异常区有相应变化外，在我国东部大陆大部及赤道中东太平洋上也有一显著的异常区，证实夏季风和KNSO与华北旱涝存在密切的联系。在100hPa高度场旱涝年环流差异主要表现为南亚高压南北界的位置变化。 相似文献
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Interannual Variability of Autumn Precipitation over
South China and its Relation to Atmospheric
Circulation and SST Anomalies 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies are examined using the autumn precipitation data of 160 stations in China and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1951 to 2004. Results indicate a strong interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its positive correlation with the autumn western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）. In the flood years, the WPSH ridge line lies over the south of South China and the strengthened ridge over North Asia triggers cold air to move southward. Furthermore, there exists a significantly anomalous updraft and cyclone with the northward stream strengthened at 850 hPa and a positive anomaly center of meridional moisture transport strengthening the northward warm and humid water transport over South China. These display the reverse feature in drought years. The autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China correlates positively with SST in the western Pacific and North Pacific, whereas a negative correlation occurs in the South Indian Ocean in July. The time of the strongest lag-correlation coefficients between SST and autumn precipitation over South China is about two months, implying that the SST of the three ocean areas in July might be one of the predictors for autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China. Discussion about the linkage among July SSTs in the western Pacific, the autumn WPSH and autumn precipitation over South China suggests that SST anomalies might contribute to autumn precipitation through its close relation to the autumn WPSH. 相似文献
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DIAGNOSIS OF SUMMERTIME FLOODS/DROUGHTS AND THEIR ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION ANOMALIES OVER NORTH CHINA* 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Proposed are a set of new regional flood/drought indices and a scheme of grading their severity whereby 1951-2000 summer wet/dry events are investigated for North China (NC) in terms of 160 station monthly precipitation data from NCC (China National Center of Climate).Results suggest that 7 heavy droughts during 1951-2000 are 1965,1968,1972,1980,1983,1997 and 1999,while 6 heavy floods are 1954,1956,1959,1964,1973 and 1996. Based on 1951-2000 summer flood/drought severity graded by the new scheme,atmospheric circulation characteristics associated with the disasters over the NC are addressed in terms of monthly NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis of geopotential heights,winds,surface temperature and PW (precipitable water).Evidences suggest that prominent anomalies benefiting to the heavy droughts occur over the Northern Hemisphere.The variations over middle-high latitudes especially the negative ones on Ural Mountain to western Siberia deepen the normal trough there and are indicative of stronger than normal cold air activity. At middle latitudes,remarkable positive anomalies present on the south to Baikal lead to the fact that the normal ridge shifts eastward over NC concomitant with anomaly sinking motion in the whole troposphere,which is helpful for the maintenance of the continent high.And the opposed ones over Korea and Japan force the trough moving eastward running against northwestward shifting of the western Pacific subtropical high.In addition,the anomaly west-east pressure gradient at middle latitudes profits northerly flow there.The southerly monsoon flow at low levels is weaker than normal with weak East Asian summer monsoon,and the related water vapor transportation is also weak with deficit PW over NC.Besides,sea surface temperature (SST) rises in the equatorial eastern and central Pacific and associated convective region moves to the east accordingly companied with weak Walker circulation in the droughts.And the opposed situations will occur during the floods. 相似文献