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1.
利用NCAR/NCEP月平均再分析资料,探讨夏季西太平洋副热带高压异常时东亚热带季风、梅雨锋及中高纬环流的变化特征.研究表明:夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏南或脊点异常偏西时,东亚夏季风环流偏弱,850 hPa矢量风距平场上东亚热带地区出现反气旋性环流,副热带地区呈气旋性环流,500 hPa垂直速度距平场上东亚热带地区上升运动减弱,梅雨锋区上升运动加强,500 hPa高度上东亚高纬鄂霍次克海区域出现阻塞高压,高纬冷空气直达中纬度,梅雨锋扰动加强,造成江淮流域汛期降水偏多.夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏北或脊点异常偏东时,东亚夏季风环流偏强,东亚大气环流系统的活动出现了与上述情况相反的异常型,江淮流域汛期降水偏少. 相似文献
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针对目前国家气候中心业务监测中使用的月时间尺度西太平洋副热带高压指数存在的问题,利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,对西太平洋副热带高压面积指数、强度指数、脊线指数和西伸脊点4种指数重新进行定义和计算,重建了1951—2010年逐月历史时间序列。面积指数、强度指数采用真实的面积和体积进行定义和计算,脊线指数则同时利用500 hPa高度场和纬向风切变线进行定义,且不仅仅局限于588 dagpm等值线,充分考虑了西太平洋副热带地区高压系统对我国夏季降水的影响作用。选取其中两个相对独立的指数——脊线指数与西伸脊点,通过对这两个指数的9种组合类型的构建,最大程度上涵盖了我国东部夏季降水各种雨型的分布特征。 相似文献
3.
应用1961—2012年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和云南124个测站逐月降水资料,分析了5月南亚高压与云南夏季降水的关系,发现高压脊线位置与降水有显著的相关。利用滤波处理和合成分析方法,分析了5月南亚高压脊线位置变化及其异常与云南夏季降水异常的联系。结果表明:5月南亚高压脊线位置偏北(南)时,夏季云南降水偏多(少);5月南亚高压脊线位置和云南夏季降水都存在显著的年代际变化,去除年代际变化影响之后两者之间的年际变化相关较为显著。5月南亚高压脊线位置偏北年,夏季南亚高压强度偏弱、范围偏小,500 hPa上西太平洋副高东移南压、强度减弱。低层700 hPa上副高西伸加强、云南上空出现明显的风场辐合,反之亦然。5月脊线位置偏北年,夏季南海和西太平洋向云南输送水汽,而脊线偏南年没有明显的水汽来源。 相似文献
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夏季西太平洋副热带高压的客观定量化预测及其对汛期降水的指示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于动力统计相似预报原理,将模式误差动力统计预报方案应用于西太平洋副热带高压的客观定量化预测,通过交叉检验距平相关系数,筛选出对副热带高压区域的500 hPa高度场模式预报结果订正较好的因子作为前期关键因子集.对2003-2010年的副热带高压区域的500 hPa高度场进行了回报检验,结果显示该方案在数值模式预报结果基础上有了进一步提高,显示出较高的预测水平.在此基础上,从高度场预测结果中提取出与中国降水关系最为密切的两个典型副热带高压特征指数(脊线指数与西伸脊点指数),将其投影在二维平面上,并根据不同类型的副热带高压特征下对应的雨型分类特征得到预报年副热带高压所属类型下中国夏季降水的分布类型,多年检验结果表明,预测的投影类型所对应的降水合成分布与实况的降水具有较好的一致性,进一步验证此种副热带高压与雨型分类的合理性,达到通过副热带高压的定量化预测对夏季的旱涝分布形式进行预测的目的,为进一步提高汛期降水预测水平提供一种可能的思路. 相似文献
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2004年辽宁夏季降水特点和环流形势特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2004年北半球500hPa夏季环流形势特征和7，8月距平形势场及盛夏西太平洋副热带高压脊线的分析，概述了2004年辽宁夏季降水量接近常年，但7月降水偏多、8月降水偏少的形成原因。 相似文献
8.
《气象》2005,(6)
2005年4月500hPa环流指数、环流特征量资料国家气候中心气候预测室环流指数西太平洋副热带高压东亚槽极涡月平均候平均123456中心位置经度纬度强度亚欧地区IZ IM1.150.521.500.651.460.480.420.430.950.491.170.651.370.42亚洲地区IZ IM1.420.471.780.381.290.431.290.441.100.371.360.631.690.54224390152114319975W80N13面积指数强度指数西伸脊点脊线位置北界位置2005年4月亚洲地区逐日500hPa西风环流指数及副热带高压脊线(120°E、130°E、140°E)位置中央气象台中期预报科日123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930… 相似文献
9.
《气象》2005,31(7):96-96
2005年5月500hPa环流指数、环流特征量资料国家气候中心气候预测室环流指数西太平洋副热带高压东亚槽极涡月平均候平均123456面积指数强度指数西伸脊点脊线位置中心位置经度纬度强度亚欧地区IZ IM0.980.550.880.500.730.520.750.650.940.681.070.631.480.33亚洲地区IZ IM0.800.480.680.460.530.350.550.610.710.661.090.481.230.32253990132013625315E75N322005年5月亚洲地区逐日500hPa西风环流指数及副热带高压脊线(120°E、130°E、140°E)位置中央气象台中期预报科日12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031数15313… 相似文献
10.
《气象》2005,31(8)
2005年6月500hPa环流指数、环流特征量资料国家气候中心气候预测室环流指数西太平洋副热带高压东亚槽极涡月平均候平均123456中心位置经度纬度强度亚欧地区IZ IM0.920.441.050.310.520.710.790.361.270.521.050.330.860.38亚洲地区IZ IM0.900.410.850.330.350.661.000.331.480.461.080.290.640.362962115202565W65N37面积指数强度指数西伸脊点脊线位置2005年6月亚洲地区逐日500hPa西风环流指数及副热带高压脊线(120°E、130°E、140°E)位置中央气象台中期预报科日123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930数215191174138… 相似文献
11.
我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot
be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic
hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions
of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature. 相似文献
13.
A. A. Lavrova E. S. Glebova I. V. Trosnikov V. D. Kaznacheeva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(6):363-370
Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by
the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous
weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities
of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical
ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed
that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the
formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex
origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical
wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced.
The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The
computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis. 相似文献
14.
流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
15.
Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到… 相似文献
17.
On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
S. S. Zilitinkevich 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1972,3(2):141-145
The heighth
of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h
increases as ¦¦1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as –1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth
u
determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h
u
behaves asymptotically as ¦¦–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh
. 相似文献
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文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。 相似文献
20.
The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献