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1.
基于2017-2019年南疆地基GPS大气可降水量（下文简称“GPS-PWV”）、常规探空水汽廓线计算的大气可降水量（下文简称“RS-PWV”）和逐时降水资料，统计分析南疆西部和昆仑山北坡GPS-PWV时空变化特征、夏季不同海拔高度不同降水量级下GPS-PWV变化与实际降水的对应关系。结果表明：（1）南疆西部和昆仑山北坡GPS-PWV与RS-PWV，二者具有符合预期的很高的相关性。（2）不同海拔高度站点GPS-PWV空间分布差异明显，大部分站点GPS-PWV随海拔高度的增加而降低。（3）各站点GPS-PWV逐月变化均呈单峰型，冬季12月或1月最小，夏季7、8月最大；春、夏季各站GPS-PWV距平日变化为单峰型，秋、冬季GPS-PWV距平日变化除秋季乌恰站、若羌站为单峰型外，其它均为三峰或四峰型。（4）各站有、无降水时PWV平均值差异明显，昆仑山北坡差异更大；降水发生前GPS-PWV已开始上升，南疆西部PWV峰值主要出现在降水前0～1 h，昆仑山北坡PWV峰值主要出现在降水前0～3 h和7～9 h。 相似文献
2.
利用2010年1月～2011年12月四川JICA项目获得的地基GPS观测资料和地面自动站资料,分析四川省内GPS/PWV变化特征,结果表明:GPS/PWV能较好反映各站降水的季节变化,海拔高度对GPS/PWV值有显著影响作用;全年夜间GPS/PWV值大于日间,秋季高原上夜间GPS/PWV值小于日间;在主汛期,GPS/PWV能作为降水出现概率较高的判据,降水多出现在PWV值大于基准值时段;PWV变化周期与降水发生周期有很好的对应关系,大多数为PWV值连续增加达到峰值阶段或由峰值开始下降阶段开始降水。 相似文献
3.
基于地基GPS遥感的大连地区大气水汽总量变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于大连地区地基GPS综合观测网遥感反演了大气水汽总量（PWV）,分析了大连地区PWV空间变化、逐月变化和日变化特征以及PWV变化与降水的关系,并利用大连本站2005-2011年的探空资料拟合了大连地区地面温度和大气加权平均温度的关系。结果表明：大连本站的PWV与探空积分的水汽含量相关系数达到0.988,均方根误差为2.5 mm。大连地区PWV南北分布比较均匀;PWV最大的月份为7-8月,最大月平均值约40 mm,PWV最小的月份为1月,最小月平均值小于4 mm;大连地区PWV春季和冬季日变化幅度约0.5 mm,夏季和秋季日变化幅度约1.3 mm。夏季和秋季的PWV日变化呈单峰型,春季和冬季的PWV日变化呈多峰型; 在降水发生前8 h 大气水汽总量有明显增加过程,对降水的发生有指示作用。 相似文献
4.
《干旱气象》2021,(3)
利用2012—2019年新疆伊犁河谷10个气象站逐小时降水资料,分析该区域不同季节降水的日变化特征。结果表明:(1)伊犁河谷春季、夏季和冬季的累计降水量日变化呈单峰型,秋季呈双峰型。四季累计降水量日变化的低值都出现在下午(15:00—19:00),高值时段在春季、秋季和冬季的上午(10:00—12:00),夏季高值出现在前半夜(22:00)。(2)同一季节累计降水频次和累计降水量的日变化特征类似,逐时平均降水量和降水频次峰值的空间分布均存在明显区域差异。(3)伊犁河谷四季均以短历时降水事件为主,该类事件在夏季出现比例最高(89%),冬季出现比例最低(70%),且短历时降水事件是夏季总降水量的主要贡献者,而长持续性降水事件是冬季总降水量的主要贡献者。(4)伊犁河谷四季降水的日循环与降水的持续性之间都存在密切关系,其中持续2～8 h和1～4 h的降水事件是春季和夏季降水量日变化峰值的主要贡献者,不同持续时间降水事件对秋季和冬季降水量日变化峰值的贡献大致相等。 相似文献
5.
利用秦岭地区1961—2015年暖季(4—10月)国家级地面气象站观测的逐时降水资料,从降水逐候变化与降水日变化的角度,比较了秦岭南北两侧暖季降水的演变特征,研究表明:在逐候演变上,秦岭南北两侧均为夏秋双峰型降水,但北侧降水主峰值出现在秋季,秦岭南侧降水主峰值出现在夏季.在降水日变化上,夏秋两季中南侧降水量、降水频次和降水强度均以清晨峰值为主,仅在降水频次上夏季出现了午后的次峰值;而北侧降水量日变化夏秋变化较大,且主要由降水强度贡献,夏季降水强度在午后较强,而秋季清晨降水强度更大.对于不同持续时间的降水事件,南北两个区域在夏秋均表现为持续9h以上(3h以下)的降水为清晨(午后)降水峰值,其差别主要存在于持续时间为4～8h的降水事件中. 相似文献
6.
地基GPS遥感西藏改则站大气可降水量变化特征及其与夏季降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中日JICA项目2010-2011年期间的地基GPS探测逐时大气可降水量（PWV）资料,分析了西藏西部改则站PWV的季节变化和日变化特征及其与夏季降水的关系。结果表明：（1）该站PWV存在明显的季节变化特征,其高（低）值出现在6-9（12-3）月,呈现出明显的单峰型变化特征,同时表现出春季持续上升和秋季快速下降的特点。（2）谐波分析表明,改则站各季PWV日变化均以日循环为主,只是夏季也表现出一定的半日循环特征。（3）改则站PWV存在明显的日变化特征,低值一般出现在当地时间的凌晨至次日上午,各季谷值普遍出现在当地时间10：00前后;高值通常出现在当地的午后至午夜,但各季最大值出现时间不固定;（4）改则站降水通常都发生在PWV高值期,降水发生前后PWV有明显的逐渐积累与迅速下降的变化特征,PWV达到峰值的时间提前于降水。PWV对累积降水频次的影响要比累积降水量更显著。 相似文献
7.
祁连山老虎沟12号冰川近地层微气象特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2009年9月1日-2010年8月31日祁连山老虎沟12号冰川海拔4 550m气象观测资料,分析并讨论了气温、降水、比湿、气压、风速、风向、总辐射、感热和潜热通量的变化特征。结果表明,在冰川下垫面影响下,气温的逐时变化呈现出升温比降温要快,但季节变化则相反,气温变化的位相比风速要超前;降水主要集中在5～9月,占全年降水的68.1%;冬季平均风速最大,夏季最小,春季高于秋季,春、秋季冰川风的强度要大于谷风,夏季则相反,冬季冰川风占绝对主导地位,且冰川风对地气间的能量交换有重要影响;全年感热通量日平均值大部分都为正值,而潜热通量基本都为负值,在气温较高、风速较大的情况下二者均有明显的增加;夏季感热和潜热通量的绝对值都比冬季要大。 相似文献
8.
郑飒飒 《高原山地气象研究》2020,40(2):83-88
利用2016年12月1日～2017年11月30日,地基微波辐射计、L波段探空资料和地面常规气象资料,对四川盆地的水汽和云液态水进行了初步分析。结果表明:(1)探空与微波辐射计反演的水汽含量差值为0.558cm,相关系数为0.787,且通过了α=0.01显著性检验,微波辐射计反演的水汽含量是可信的。(2)基于地基微波辐射计分析四川盆地水汽和云液态水含量的变化特征,可以得出,夏季水汽含量最多,秋季云液态水含量最多;最大值出现在夜晚,最小值出现在白天,夜晚值大于白天。水汽含量和云液态水含量最大值和最小值时间间隔秋季最长(均为16小时),冬季最短(分别为9小时、10小时);水汽含量日较差在秋季最大(1.096cm),冬季最小(0.489cm),云液态水含量日较差在夏季最大(0.908mm),冬季最小(0.311mm)。水汽含量与降水、温度的月变化特征为显著性正相关,相关系数分别为0.842和0.915;与温度日变化特征在春、秋季的11:00～次日01:00为显著性正相关,白天相关性大于夜晚,在夏季01:00～13:00为显著性负相关,日出前相关性最高。(3)水汽和云液态水含量在降水过程开始前1～2h有明显的波动上升,降水结束后,水汽和云液态水含量迅速减少,水汽和云液态水的变化特征对降水天气的预报具有指示意义。 相似文献
9.
采用正交小波分解与重构方法,分析揭阳市近50年降水气候变化,发现在较大时间尺度上春季和夏季、秋季和冬季降水量基本呈反相变化。全年和夏季最大贡献的变化周期是2～4年,春季、秋季、冬季则以1～2年周期的高频变化为主,冬季表现最为明显。 相似文献
10.
《贵州气象》2016,(5)
利用遵义市14个气象观测站2005—2015年逐时降水资料,从逐时降水量、降水频次、降水强度、降水昼夜分配等方面分析了遵义市降水日变化的基本特征。结果表明:降水量、降水频次和降水强度都主要集中在夜间,其中春、秋季降水日变化特征较为统一,夜间降水量级、频次和强度都明显多于白天;而冬季降水日变化总体不大,夏季降水日变化则表现为多波动性。遵义市夜雨特征显著,60%以上的降水出现在夜间,其中春季夜雨比率最大,其次是冬季,再次是秋季,而夏季夜雨表现并不十分明显,夜间降水量和降水频次占全天的合计比率冬、春、夏、秋季全市平均分别为68%、77%、54%、63%。降水量日变化与降水频次关系密切,受降水强度的影响次之。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献