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1.
主要介绍了贵州中尺度数值预报系统、中尺度模式MM5以及业务情况。业务运行实践证明，系统具有较强的短期天气预报能力，对降水的量级和落区预报效果较好。选取4种积云对流参数化方案和两种边界层参数化方案对贵州汛期11个降水个例进行36h的降水模拟，经检验、分析和比较发现：各种方案预报效果的优劣在不同条件下有所不同，没有哪一种方案的预报效果是绝对最优的，总的来说：对50mm以下的降水，GR方案的预报效果较好，而KF方案则较差；对50mm以上的降水，BM、KF方案的预报效果一般较好；降水的模拟对参数化方案敏感。 相似文献
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不同对流参数化方案在登陆浙闽台风降水预报中的比较试验 总被引：3，自引：7，他引：3
利用MM5模式,在MRF和Blackadar两种边界层参数化方案下,分别选用KF2、Grell和BM三种对流参数化方案对登陆浙闽两省的6个台风暴雨过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果的对比分析及其与观测资料的比较表明:KF2方案和Grell方案在降水量较小时误差较小,BM方案在降水量较大时误差较小;对大雨以上量级的降水预报,KF2方案、Grell方案和Blackadar方案组合效果较好,而BM方案则适宜与MRF方案组合;KF2方案不适合时效较长的降水预报。在台风"卡努"的个例试验中,位涡分布特征在积分后期对不同参数化方案十分敏感,这种差异进而影响了降水预报的准确性,同时暴雨中心潜热加热的时间演变总体特征表现为暴雨中心凝结潜热加热随时间积分有明显变化。因此,在预报和模拟中应根据预报和研究对象的特点来选择对流参数化方案。 相似文献
3.
本文应用MM5模式，在45km和25km模式分辨率及Blackadar和MRF边界层参数化方案下，选择AK、Grcll、KF和BM等4种对流参数化方案对非汛期22个降水个例进行48h预报试验。结果表明KF和AK方案预报的降水量误差较小，BM方案预报的降水量误差较大；各种方案预报降水效果的优劣对于量级不同的降水是不同的，对中雨、大雨和暴雨的预报，没有哪一种方案的预报效果是绝对最优的；不同方案预报降水结果的差异对量级大的降水比对量级小的降水大；在大部分情况下，相同方案在45km分辨率下的预报结果好于在25km分辨率下的预报结果。 相似文献
4.
MM5模式中不同对流参数化方案的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
MM5模式中有多种积云参数化方案可供选择,不同参数化方案及分辨率对降水预报有很大影响。本文利用4种积云参数化方案(GR,KF,BM,AK)对辽东半岛一次大暴雨过程进行试验,结果表明,不同的参数化方案,对强降水落点及强度的模拟,结果差别较大。模拟较好的是GR方案,最差的是AK方案;4种积云对流参数化方案模拟的海平面气压场差别较大,其中GR方案模拟出造成2005年第5号台风暴雨的高低压系统和中尺度气旋;粗网格采用一定的积云对流参数化后,可在一定程度再现一些中尺度特征;4种方案由于闭合假设不同,模拟的云物理特征存在很大差别,这种差别对各种天气要素的准确预报会产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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MM5模式中不同对流参数化方案的比较试验 总被引：58，自引：2，他引：58
应用MM5中尺度模式, 在60、20和10 km模式分辨率下, 分别选用4种不同对流参数化方案 (KUO方案、GRELL方案、KAIN-FRITSCH方案和BETTS-MILLER方案, 以下简称KU、GR、KF和BM方案) 对1996年8月3~4日石家庄暴雨过程进行数值模拟试验.模拟结果的对比分析及其与观测的比较表明:主要雨带位置对参数化方案并不是十分敏感, 但随分辨率提高, 雨带分布特征的模拟更接近实况; 当分辨率提高到10 km时, 虚假的降水中心也明显增加; 模拟的暴雨中心强度随分辨率的提高而增强并随参数化方案的不同有所变化, 但均比实况偏弱.分析还发现, MM5模式的GR、KF及BM方案的次网格降水对总降水的贡献率随分辨率的提高而减小, 而KU方案的情况则呈现出不合理的缓慢增加态势.虽然4种方案下模拟的水平环流特征有较好的一致性, 但模拟的云物理特征和垂直运动特征还是存在一定差别的, 这种差别对定点、定量降水和天空状况、地面气温、湿度等要素的准确预报都会产生影响.因此, 在预报和模拟中应考虑预报和研究对象的特点来选择对流参数化方案. 相似文献
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利用我国新一代GRAPES_Meso区域中尺度数值预报模式,通过调整边界层方案、陆面过程方案、微物理过程方案和积云对流方案,形成8组不同的参数化组合方案,对甘肃河东地区2015年7—8月的高空要素、2 m气温和降水开展了对比试验,结果表明：当微物理过程为WSM6类方案、积云对流为KF方案、边界层为MRF方案、陆面过程为LSM方案时,GRAPES_Meso模式对甘肃东部地区500 hPa高空要素的预报效果最优;微物理过程为WSM6类方案、积云对流为KF方案、边界层为 MRF方案、陆面过程为SLAB方案的组合方案对甘肃东部的2 m气温和降水预报效果最优。 相似文献
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1~10 km水平分辨率是中尺度模式是否采用积云对流参数化方案的"灰色带"。基于青岛市气象局9 km分辨率WRF模式,分别选择KF、GD和BMJ三种积云对流参数化方案对青岛5次大范围降雨过程进行预报试验,分析比较不同积云对流参数化方案对青岛地区降水预报效果的影响。结果表明,这三种积云对流参数化方案对不同量级的降雨具有不同的预报性能:BMJ对小雨预报性能最佳;没有考虑积云对流参数化过程的控制试验对中雨的预报效果最好,KF方案次之;GD方案对大雨和暴雨预报效果均较好。对稳定性降水,GD方案对沿海站点降雨量预报效果较好,KF方案则对内陆站点预报性能较好;对对流性降水,BMJ方案无论是在沿海站点还是在内陆站点都有比较好的预报效果。在降雨空间分布上,对稳定性降水过程,各试验方案均模拟出了小于50 mm的降雨区,对大于100 mm强降雨区,GD方案具有较好的预报效果;对对流性降水过程,BMJ方案预报效果整体较好。 相似文献
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WRF模式中不同积云对流参数化方案对比试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文主要对基于WRF模式的快速同化系统 (RUC) 中使用的积云对流参数化方案进行简单介绍, 并对不同积云对流参数化方案进行了典型个例降水预报的对比试验和检验。结果表明, 总体预报效果以KF和GD方案较好, 具体表现在雨区分布及大暴雨中心强度, 对流降水对总降水贡献, 在中低层流场高低值系统分布, 以及冷空气活动引起的变温正负中心强度及位置, KF和GD方案模拟结果可以较好地反映观测实况, TS评分结果也表明KF和GD方案在小级别降水预报中占有优势。 相似文献
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WRF模式不同参数化方案组合对青海气温、降水及风速模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用50个气象站观测资料,对比讨论WRF模式不同微物理过程、积云对流和边界层参数化方案组合对青海省气温、降水及风速的模拟效果。结果表明:(1)微物理过程和积云对流参数化方案分别选用Eta(Ferrier)和KF时,气温模拟效果较好;Thompson方案、KF方案和ACM2方案的组合对降水模拟普遍较好;边界层方案的选取对风速的模拟较为重要。(2)对比不同季节的模拟效果可以看出,夏季气温、降水模拟效果均较好。(3)最低气温模拟效果均好于最高气温,最高气温偏低明显。(4)小雨预报普遍偏多,中雨预报略偏少,大雨整体预报偏少。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献