共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
基于中尺度数值模式WRF,选取新疆两次强降水过程,设计3个试验方案,其中试验1为控制试验,试验2提高分辨率,试验3提高分辨率并调整物理参数化方案,初步评估不同分辨率和参数化方案对新疆区域2m温度、10m风速、降水预报的影响。结果表明:(1)提高分辨率对2m温度、10m风速模拟精度均有提高,2m温度预报精度提高约0.5℃,降低了日间温度模拟冷偏差;10m风速预报精度提高约0.5m/s,降低了风速模拟正偏差;但提高分辨率后,模式出现虚假降水预报的情况。(2)提高分辨率并调整物理参数化方案后,2m温度模拟误差略有减小,模拟偏差减小约0.2℃;10m风速模拟误差增大约0.5m/s,模拟偏差增大超过0.5m/s;对降水落区、量级的模拟精度显著提高,减小了降水中心的模拟强度,对虚假降水预报有一定修正。 相似文献
2.
气象预报是影响大气重污染预报精度的关键所在。针对2016年12月16～21日北京市一次重污染过程,开展了中尺度气象模式WRF的参数化方案配置敏感性试验。对微物理过程、长波辐射过程、短波辐射过程、陆面过程、边界层过程、近地面过程以及积云对流参数化过程进行组合优选,共设计51组参数化方案组合,分析不同模拟方案下北京市8个气象站点温度、相对湿度、10 m风速的模拟精度及其敏感性。试验结果表明:温度模拟对长波过程参数化方案最为敏感,集合离散度达2.4～7.4°C,再次是短波过程参数化方案;相对湿度模拟也对长波过程参数化方案最敏感,再次是陆面过程;风速模拟对不同过程参数化方案的敏感性程度差异不大。通过模拟结果与观测的统计对比,优选出模拟误差最小的方案组合为Lin微物理方案、RRTMG长波方案、RRTMG短波方案、Tiedtke积云对流方案、Noah陆面方案、MYNN 3rd边界层方案和MYNN近地面方案,并将其与集合平均、基准方案进行对比。对于集合平均来说,其温度模拟与观测相关系数为0.69,高于基准方案,其模拟偏差与均方根误差比基准方案低25%和11%;集合平均的相对湿度和风速模拟相比基准方案变化较小。与集合平均相比,优选方案能同时改进温度、相对湿度和风速模拟,使温度模拟偏差和均方根误差比基准方案下降35%和17%,使相对湿度模拟偏差和均方根误差下降43%和13%,使风速模拟偏差和均方根误差下降33%和24%。以上结果表明,参数化方案的敏感性试验和优选能显著减小重污染期间气象要素的模拟误差,重污染预报改进需重点关注参数化方案模拟上的不确定性。本研究也发现MYNN3rd边界层方案在这次重污染过程的气象要素模拟上具有良好性能,可为未来重污染预报改进提供参考。 相似文献
3.
利用新疆2012年11月1日至2013年10月31日的地面2米温度和10米风场资料,对应用改进后的新疆快速更新循环数值预报同化系统(XJ-RUC)的预报效果进行检验。结果表明：XJ-RUC系统对地面2米温度和10米风场的预报均方根误差和偏差随起报时次和预报时效的不同存在差异,在温度预报方面存在“低温偏高,高温偏低”的趋势,夏、秋、冬三季对18UTC预报最好,春季则对00UTC的预报接近实况;10米风场的预报偏差在冬季随时效推进逐渐增大,春、夏、秋三季则在06UTC出现1.0m/s左右的风速偏差极小值。不论是温度还是风速预报,均在冬季效果最差。 相似文献
4.
使用GRAPES中尺度模式对中国新疆南部的塔里木盆地2013年1、4、7、10月逐日的天气过程进行数值模拟,并与站点的实况资料对比分析,结果表明,GRAPES模式对沙漠地区的温度、风场、降水都有一定的预报能力,但也存在较明显的预报误差。GRAPES模式可以大致的预报出塔里木盆地地区2 m温度的日变化趋势,但GRAPES模拟的温度极值还存在较明显的误差;GRAPES模式对10m风场的预报,在风速较大的1月、4月和10月预报效果较好,基本可以预测出沙漠地区的风速和风向,但在风速很小的7月,模式的预报效果不理想;GRAPES模式对沙漠地区的降水预报与实况相比还存在明显的偏差,主要表现为降水空报率较高,降水中心也存在一定的偏差;GRAPES模式在沙漠地区对高空温度的预报呈现出低层温度预报误差较大,高空相对较小的特征。 相似文献
5.
利用CWRF(Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting model)对中国区域气候的31 a多物理集合模拟试验,分析了该模式对青藏高原气温和降水的模拟效果及其对水平分辨率和物理过程参数化方案的敏感性。结果表明:1)CWRF降尺度全面改善了全球模式对高原气温和降水的模拟,使气温年循环的均方根误差减小近1℃,月降水量年循环的均方根误差减小10~40 mm,同时显著提高了各月气温和降水与实测资料年际变化的相关系数,最高提升0.6;2)模式分辨率对降水模拟有显著影响,不同分辨率模拟降水差异高达60 mm(54%),模拟偏差随分辨率提高先降低后上升,转折在30 km左右;3)物理过程参数化方案对气温和降水模拟影响显著,不同方案模拟的各月平均气温相差1~4℃,夏季各月降水量相差20~100 mm,其中对气温模拟影响最大的是辐射方案,对降水影响最大的是积云方案。本文为CWRF局地优化对物理参数化及水平分辨率等如何选择提供了依据。 相似文献
6.
基于乌鲁木齐区域数值预报业务系统,运用MET检验工具,对2017年各季节DOGRAFSv1.0预报性能进行客观检验。结果表明：（1）2m温度日间预报温度整体偏低,夜间多数站点预报温度偏高;冬季预报温度偏高,其他三个季节温度预报整体偏低。10m风速冬季模拟性能最差,春季次之;所有季节风速预报均偏大。（2）夏季、秋季高空温度预报误差小,在3.0℃以内,冬季误差最大,温度预报整体呈冷偏差;不同季节高空位势高度随高度增加误差增大,误差约在6.5～12.0gpm,预报高度比实际高度偏低;不同季节高空U、V风随高度增加误差先增大后减小,均方根误差分别为2.4～6.2m/s和1.8～5.2m/s,U风预报整体比实况偏小,V风预报整体比实况偏大。（3）冬季大阈值降水漏报率较高,12.1mm阈值降水Bias评分仅为0.2,秋季大阈值降水空报率较高,12.1mm阈值降水Bias评分在2.0以上,夏季空、漏报率较低;在新疆地区,四个时段中14～20 BJT 、20～次日02 BJT空报站点数多于漏报,14～20 BJT空报率最高,02～08 BJT漏报率最高,08～14BJT晴雨预报以漏报为主;日间Ts评分高于夜间。 相似文献
7.
MM5模式中不同对流参数化方案的比较试验 总被引：58，自引：2，他引：58
应用MM5中尺度模式, 在60、20和10 km模式分辨率下, 分别选用4种不同对流参数化方案 (KUO方案、GRELL方案、KAIN-FRITSCH方案和BETTS-MILLER方案, 以下简称KU、GR、KF和BM方案) 对1996年8月3~4日石家庄暴雨过程进行数值模拟试验.模拟结果的对比分析及其与观测的比较表明:主要雨带位置对参数化方案并不是十分敏感, 但随分辨率提高, 雨带分布特征的模拟更接近实况; 当分辨率提高到10 km时, 虚假的降水中心也明显增加; 模拟的暴雨中心强度随分辨率的提高而增强并随参数化方案的不同有所变化, 但均比实况偏弱.分析还发现, MM5模式的GR、KF及BM方案的次网格降水对总降水的贡献率随分辨率的提高而减小, 而KU方案的情况则呈现出不合理的缓慢增加态势.虽然4种方案下模拟的水平环流特征有较好的一致性, 但模拟的云物理特征和垂直运动特征还是存在一定差别的, 这种差别对定点、定量降水和天空状况、地面气温、湿度等要素的准确预报都会产生影响.因此, 在预报和模拟中应考虑预报和研究对象的特点来选择对流参数化方案. 相似文献
8.
数值预报的误差来源于初始场和模式的误差,集合预报技术是减小这些误差的有效方法。该文以MM5模式作为试验模式框架,模式的积云参数化方案分别取Anthes-Kuo、Grell、Kain-Fritsch和Betts-Miller方案,边界层参数化方案分别取MRF和Eta方案,通过组合4种积云参数化方案和两种边界层参数化方案产生8个集合成员,对1999年华东地区梅雨期间3个降水个例进行48 h集合预报试验。结果显示不同集合成员的预报结果各不相同,积云参数化方案对降水的影响比边界层参数化方案对降水的影响大;不同集合成员预报降水的偏差也各不相同,大多存在湿偏差,量级小的降水的湿偏差程度比量级大的降水的湿偏差程度小;对于不同个例,各成员中预报效果相对较好的成员是不同的,集合平均后可以得到一个比较稳定的预报结果;从集合预报结果中还能得到客观化和定量化的降水概率预报,它能对可能发生的天气现象发出信号。 相似文献
9.
针对GRAPES_Meso V3.0存在的降水量偏大、模式运行不稳定、近地面温度预报偏差较大、可同化资料偏少以及分辨率偏低等问题,开展了多方面的改进工作:引入变分质量控制以及探空湿度的偏差订正,实现了GPS/PW资料、FY-2E云导风资料以及无线电掩星资料的同化应用,提高了模式分辨率,引入四阶水平扩散方案,调整了微物理参数化方案与动力框架的耦合方案,完善了地面辐射能量平衡方程以及优化了后处理雷达组合反射率因子的诊断方案,并集成所有改进成果形成新的业务化GRAPES_Meso V4.0。批量试验结果表明:GRAPES_Meso V4.0降水ETS评分普遍提高,同时预报偏差明显降低,月平均降水更接近实况,且能够较好地刻画雨带细节;2 m温度预报偏差有较为显著的改善,大部分地区24 h预报有1~2℃左右的降低,有些地区有3~5℃的降低;GRAPES_Meso V4.0对高度场、温度场和风场的改进效果比较显著,500 hPa的温度、风速、位势高度场的相关系数均有显著提高,850 hPa的均方根误差也明显降低,整体性能明显高于GRAPES_Meso V3.0。 相似文献
10.
中亚地区常规气象观测稀疏，同化极轨卫星FY-3C上的微波湿度探测器-Ⅱ(MWHS-Ⅱ)辐射率资料可有效减小该地区数值预报初始场的不确定性。本研究首次在中亚快速更新多尺度资料分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA中同化了FY-3C/MWHS-Ⅱ辐射率，评估了其同化效果。研究发现：（1）单个时次冷启动的同化时间窗口内，仅约有56%的辐射率资料通过了质量控制并被RMAPS-CA同化。（2）偏差订正整体减小了各水汽通道的背景场辐射亮温偏差，最大减幅出现在通道14，达0.5 K。通道14偏差订正前的观测辐射亮温和背景场辐射亮温间存在较大偏差，是其同化应用中需要特别注意的。（3）FY-3C/MWHS-Ⅱ辐射率同化整体提高了RMAPS-CA系统对高空温度、位势高度、高空风速等的中短期预报准确率。同时，使得2米温度和10米风速的预报准确率预报均方根误差分别平均减小了0.2 K和2 m/s。其同化有效降低了小雨预报的漏报率和空报率，小雨预报的TS评分提升了16%。降低了中雨和大雨预报的漏报率，三个量级降水预报的BIAS评分分别提升了18%、38%和36%。 相似文献
11.
Short-range forecast of heavy precipitation and strong wind using the convection-allowing WRF models
N. F. Vel’tishchev V. D. Zhupanov Yu. B. Pavlyukov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(1):1-10
The results are stated of estimation of short-range forecasting of heavy precipitation (P ≥ 10 mm/12 hours) and strong wind at the height of 10 m (V ≥ 10 m/s) using three nonhydrostatic models from the WRF family: ARW, ARW Glob, and NMM. The forecasts on the basis of all three models were carried out using two grids. The horizontal resolution of external grids varied from 9 to 16.5 km and that of the nested grids, from 3 to 5.5 km. For the ARW and NMM models, the values at side boundaries of external nested grids were taken from the forecasts on the basis of the global GFS NCEP model and for the ARW Glob model, from the global forecasts based on this model. The convection parameterization was turned off at nested grids for all models. The forecasts of heavy precipitation and strong wind at nested grids over the European territory of Russia were estimated from the radar and station measurements in summer 2008. It is obtained that all three models reproduce well enough the mesoscale convective systems and associated areas of heavy precipitation and strong wind but they have common shortcomings: they overestimate the amount and area of heavy precipitation and underestimate the strong wind speed. To a lesser degree, these shortcomings are typical of the ARW model. The possible reasons for systematic errors in the forecasts are discussed. 相似文献
12.
基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其3Dvar(3-Dimentional Variational)资料同化系统,采用36、12、4 km嵌套网格进行快速更新循环同化和不同的微物理及积云对流参数化方案对比试验,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了研究。结果表明,快速更新循环同化地面观测资料是影响模式降水落区预报准确性的关键因素,不同的微物理和积云对流参数化方案主要影响降水强度预报。采用不同的微物理参数化方案和积云对流参数化方案进行降水预报对比试验表明,LIN方案和WSM6(WRF Single-Moment 6-class)微物理参数化方案对降水预报均较好,LIN方案降水预报较WSM6方案略强。4 km网格预报使用K-F (Kain-Fritsch)积云对流参数化方案或不使用积云对流参数化方案,预报的降水均较好。4 km网格使用旧的K-F积云对流参数化方案,预报的近地层大气风场偏弱,导致大气动力抬升作用偏弱,从而造成模式降水预报偏弱。 相似文献
13.
Impact of Horizontal Resolution and Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on the Simulation of Heavy Rainfall Events over the Korean Peninsula 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we present the results from high-resolution numerical simulations of three heavy rainfall events over the Korean Peninsula. The numerical results show that the prediction accuracy for heavy rainfall events improved as horizontal resolution increased. The fine-grid precipitation fields were much closer to the real precipitation fields in the case of large synoptic forcing over the Korean Peninsula. In the case of large convective available potential energy and weak synoptic forcing, it seems that even when using a high resolution, the models still showed poor performance in reproducing the observed high precipitation amounts. However, activation of the cumulus parameterization scheme in the intermediate resolution of 9 km, even at a grid spacing of 3 km, had a positive impact on the simulation of the heavy rainfall event. 相似文献
14.
Hui-Wen LAI Fuqing ZHANG Eugene E. CLOTHIAUX David R. STAUFFER Brian J. GAUDET Johannes VERLINDE Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(1):42-56
To better understand how model resolution affects the formation of Arctic boundary layer clouds,we investigated the influence of grid spacing on simulating cloud streets that occurred near Utqiaġvik(formerly Barrow),Alaska,on 2 May 2013 and were observed by MODIS(the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer).The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the clouds using nested domains with increasingly fine resolution ranging from a horizontal grid spacing of 27 km in the boundary-layer-parameterized mesoscale domain to a grid spacing of 0.111 km in the large-eddy-permitting domain.We investigated the model-simulated mesoscale environment,horizontal and vertical cloud structures,boundary layer stability,and cloud properties,all of which were subsequently used to interpret the observed roll-cloud case.Increasing model resolution led to a transition from a more buoyant boundary layer to a more shear-driven turbulent boundary layer.The clouds were stratiform-like in the mesoscale domain,but as the model resolution increased,roll-like structures,aligned along the wind field,appeared with ever smaller wavelengths.A stronger vertical water vapor gradient occurred above the cloud layers with decreasing grid spacing.With fixed model grid spacing at 0.333 km,changing the model configuration from a boundary layer parameterization to a large-eddy-permitting scheme produced a more shear-driven and less unstable environment,a stronger vertical water vapor gradient below the cloud layers,and the wavelengths of the rolls decreased slightly.In this study,only the large-eddy-permitting simulation with gird spacing of 0.111 km was sufficient to model the observed roll clouds. 相似文献
15.
不同降水方案对"03.7"一次暴雨过程模拟的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
观测和数值模拟研究已经表明,潜热释放对中国东部夏季梅雨锋系统及其锋面降水的维持和发展发挥着非常重要的作用.然而,目前对于梅雨锋降水模拟中各种降水方案的相互协调和系统评估方面的工作仍不多见,为了增进对梅雨锋暴雨模拟中降水过程的认识,作者针对2003年7月4～5日一次梅雨锋暴雨过程,构造了四组试验,利用MM5模式考察了两种分辨率(36 km、12 km),各种隐/显式方案搭配下,对所生成的雨带、雨量和降水类型的配置进行了仔细的研究,得到了一些有意义的结论,为今后更好地使用模式、利用数值模式来认识中尺度降水过程中的气象问题打下基础.主要结论包括:模拟总降水的水平分布和强度,以及显式降水和隐式降水的划分对积云参数化方案的选择非常敏感.但对特定积云参数化方案而言,降水的模拟对36 km、12 km水平分辨率不敏感(除Betts-Miller方案外);在中尺度网格分辨率10～50 km范围内,不同积云参数化方案对梅雨锋降水分布和降水量模拟的影响比不同显式方案带来的变化大得多. 相似文献
16.
The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 3 (MM5V3) was used to simulate extreme heavy rainfall events over the Yangtze River Basin in June 1999. The effects of model's horizontal and vertical resolution on the extreme climate events were investigated in detail. In principle, the model was able to characterize the spatial distribution of monthly heavy precipitation. The results indicated that the increase in horizontal resolution could reduce the bias of the modeled heavy rain and reasonably simulate the change of daily precipitation during the study period. A finer vertical resolution led to obviously improve rainfall simulations with smaller biases, and hence, better resolve heavy rainfall events. The increase in both horizontal and vertical resolution could produce better predictions of heavy rainfall events. Not only the rainfall simulation altered in the cases of different horizontal and vertical grid spacing, but also other meteorological fields demonstrated diverse variations in terms of resolution change in the model. An evident improvement in the simulated sea level pressure resulted from the increase of horizontal resolution, but the simulation was insensitive to vertical grid spacing. The increase in vertical resolution could enhance the simulation of surface temperature as well as atmospheric circulation at low levels, while the simulation of circulation at middle and upper levels were found to be much less dependent on changing resolution. In addition, cumulus parameterization schemes showed high sensitivity to horizontal resolution. Different convective schemes exhibited large discrepancies in rainfall simulations with regards to changing resolution. The percentage of convective precipitation in the Grell scheme increased with increasing horizontal resolution. In contrast, the Kain-Fritsch scheme caused a reduced ratio of convective precipitation to total rainfall accumulations corresponding to increasing horizontal resolution. 相似文献
17.
To examine the effect of radar data assimilation and increasing horizontal resolution on the short-term numerical weather prediction, comparative numerical experiments are conducted for a Huabei (North China) torrential rainfall event by using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and ARPS Data Analysis System (ADAS). The experiments use five different horizontal grid spacings, i.e., 18, 15, 9, 6, and 3 km,respectively, under the two different types of analyses: one with radar data, the other without. Results show that, when radar data are not used in the analysis (i.e., only using the conventional observation data), increasing horizontal resolution can improve the short-term prediction of 6 h with better representation of the frontal structure and higher scores of the rainfall prediction, particularly for heavy rain situations. When radar data are assimilated, it significantly improves the rainfall prediction for the first 6 h, especially the locality and intensity of precipitation. Moreover, using radar data in the analysis is more effective in improving the short-term prediction than increasing horizontal resolution of the model alone, which is demonstrated by the fact that by using radar data in the analysis and a coarser resolution of the 18-km grid spacing, the predicted results are as good as that by using a higher resolution of the 3-km grid spacing without radar data. Further study of the results under the radar data assimilation with grid spacing of 18-3 km reveals that the rainfall prediction is more sensitive to the grid spacing in heavy rain situations (more than 40 mm) than in ordinary rain situations (less than 40 mm). When the horizontal grid spacing reduces from 6 to 3 km, there is no obvious improvement to the prediction results. This suggests that there is a limit to how far increasing horizontal resolution can do for the improvement of the prediction. Therefore, an effective approach to improve the short-term numerical prediction is to combine the radar data assimilation with an optimal horizontal resolution. 相似文献
18.
In this study,an extreme rainfall event that occurred on 25 May 2018 over Shanghai and its nearby area was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model,with a focus on the effects of planetary boundary layer(PBL)physics using double nesting with large grid ratios(15:1 and 9:1).The sensitivity of the precipitation forecast was examined through three PBL schemes:the Yonsei University Scheme,the Mellor?Yamada?Nakanishi Niino Level 2.5(MYNN)scheme,and the Mellor?Yamada?Janjic scheme.The PBL effects on boundary layer structures,convective thermodynamic and large-scale forcings were investigated to explain the model differences in extreme rainfall distributions and hourly variations.The results indicated that in single coarser grids(15 km and 9 km),the extreme rainfall amount was largely underestimated with all three PBL schemes.In the inner 1-km grid,the underestimated intensity was improved;however,using the MYNN scheme for the 1-km grid domain with explicitly resolved convection and nested within the 9-km grid using the Kain?Fritsch cumulus scheme,significant advantages over the other PBL schemes are revealed in predicting the extreme rainfall distribution and the time of primary peak rainfall.MYNN,with the weakest vertical mixing,produced the shallowest and most humid inversion layer with the lowest lifting condensation level,but stronger wind fields and upward motions from the top of the boundary layer to upper levels.These factors all facilitate the development of deep convection and moisture transport for intense precipitation,and result in its most realistic prediction of the primary rainfall peak. 相似文献
19.
Sandeep Sahany V. Venugopal Ravi S. Nanjundiah 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2010,109(3-4):115-128
The performance of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) in simulating an extreme rainfall event is evaluated, and subsequently the physical mechanisms leading to its initiation and sustenance are explored. As a case study, the heavy precipitation event that led to 65 cm of rainfall accumulation in a span of around 6 h (1430 LT–2030 LT) over Santacruz (Mumbai, India), on 26 July, 2005, is selected. Three sets of numerical experiments have been conducted. The first set of experiments (EXP1) consisted of a four-member ensemble, and was carried out in an idealized mode with a model grid spacing of 1 km. In spite of the idealized framework, signatures of heavy rainfall were seen in two of the ensemble members. The second set (EXP2) consisted of a five-member ensemble, with a four-level one-way nested integration and grid spacing of 54, 18, 6 and 1 km. The model was able to simulate a realistic spatial structure with the 54, 18, and 6 km grids; however, with the 1 km grid, the simulations were dominated by the prescribed boundary conditions. The third and final set of experiments (EXP3) consisted of a five-member ensemble, with a four-level one-way nesting and grid spacing of 54, 18, 6, and 2 km. The Scaled Lagged Average Forecasting (SLAF) methodology was employed to construct the ensemble members. The model simulations in this case were closer to observations, as compared to EXP2. Specifically, among all experiments, the timing of maximum rainfall, the abrupt increase in rainfall intensities, which was a major feature of this event, and the rainfall intensities simulated in EXP3 (at 6 km resolution) were closest to observations. Analysis of the physical mechanisms causing the initiation and sustenance of the event reveals some interesting aspects. Deep convection was found to be initiated by mid-tropospheric convergence that extended to lower levels during the later stage. In addition, there was a high negative vertical gradient of equivalent potential temperature suggesting strong atmospheric instability prior to and during the occurrence of the event. Finally, the presence of a conducive vertical wind shear in the lower and mid-troposphere is thought to be one of the major factors influencing the longevity of the event. 相似文献