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1.
《青海气象》2017,(2)
2016年8月16-18日巴彦淖尔市出现一次致灾大暴雨天气过程,降水强度大,持续时间短,局地性强。本文利用常规资料和自动站、卫星、雷达资料及ECMWF和T639数值预报产品对大暴雨天气过程的成因及漏报原因进行了分析,结果表明:(1)东移的短波槽叠加在暖区上空造成大气层结不稳定是此次暴雨过程的触发机制。副热带高压移动缓慢,西南暖湿水汽输送加强,地面低压稳定少动,是本次暴雨产生和维持的条件;(2)高低空急流、切变线和地面辐合线为此次暴雨过程的发展提供了水汽条件和动力条件;(3)利用卫星云图、雷达资料的演变来确定中小尺度系统的位置、强度和发展趋势,以提前开展强降水等强天气的预报和预警工作;(4)ECMWF预报场未报出短波槽东移,T639预报的短波槽位置偏南,预报员过度依赖数值预报产品是导致本次过程暴雨漏报的主要原因。ECMWF预报场偏弱,T639预报场偏离实况较大,间接导致了暴雨的漏报。 相似文献
2.
利用常规探空和地面观测站资料、ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料和ECMWF预报资料,对2022年6月12—13日江西中南部的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：1） 此次暴雨过程是在副热带高压和南亚高压稳定少动、西风槽携带冷空气南下的环流背景下,500 hPa高空槽、低层切变线、低空西南急流和地面静止锋共同作用造成的。2） 低层辐合、高层辐散产生深厚的垂直上升运动,为强降水的持续提供动力条件,低空暖湿西南急流输送的充足水汽,有利于江西中南部不稳定能量的积累。3） EC暴雨落区预报偏北的主要原因是天气系统位置较实况偏北,700 hPa垂直速度大值区偏北、对流性降水预报偏弱和地形影响也是暴雨漏报的重要因素。4） 584 dagpm特征线的位置变化对此次暴雨落区向南订正有较好的指示意义。在暴雨预报中,不仅要考虑锋面大尺度降水,还要考虑暖区对流性降水,关注低层强动力辐合区域,结合中尺度数值模式产品,可以有效对主雨带位置和强度进行订正。 相似文献
3.
《干旱气象》2020,(4)
基于天气研究和预报模式WRF,利用常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料,对2016年8月21日和2018年7月22日2次贺兰山东麓特大致洪暴雨进行数值模拟和地形影响对比分析。结果表明:(1)2次暴雨过程发生时的大气环流形势基本相似,西北地区东部处于高温、高湿、高能环境下,宁夏东侧有副热带高压阻挡,西侧有弱冷空气东移影响,中低空受偏南和偏东暖湿气流控制;(2)在高湿高能和极不稳定的大气层结条件下,当宁夏北部出现风速达12 m·s~(-1)以上的低空急流,且风向与贺兰山东麓迎风坡夹角达60°～90°,因地形阻挡触发强对流,使得暖湿不稳定能量强烈聚集与快速释放,低空急流的维持时间决定了暴雨的持续时间;(3)贺兰山苏峪口的喇叭口地形和其北侧的贺兰山主峰对低空急流的共同作用,造成水汽在此处大量聚集并强烈抬升,决定暴雨的中心位置。 相似文献
4.
华南暖区暴雨预报失误及可预报性探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于暖区暴雨产生的环境条件复杂和触发机制难以捕捉,数值模式对其预报能力弱,给预报带来困难,经常导致预报失误,是短期预报中的难点。2016年4月19—20日广西出现了一场暖区暴雨天气过程,预报员及数值模式预报出现较大失误。利用业务预报中的数值预报产品、地面中尺度自动气象站观测、常规地面及高空观测、新一代天气雷达及FY-2G卫星探测等资料对此次暖区暴雨预报失误进行剖析。结果表明:中低空急流增强及西南暖低压发展,为越南北部至广西中南部提供了高温、高湿、高能的环境条件,地形性辐合及涡旋触发了对流的发生,中尺度辐合线有效组织了对流的发展,雷达回波具有质心低、降雨效率高等暖云降雨的特征。预报员和数值模式短期时效内对暖区暴雨缺乏预报能力,未能准确把握可触发对流的机制,是预报失败的原因。预报员通过分析上游地区对流云团、地面中尺度辐合线演变及地形作用等触发条件,可以在短时临近时效内对暖区暴雨部分做出定性预报,发布预警信息,弥补短期预报的不足。因此,加强对暖区暴雨形成机理的认识,在预报中做好精细分析,是提高暖区暴雨预报能力的有效途径之一。 相似文献
5.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(江西省汛)
利用24 h降水实况资料和高空实况形势场资料、ECMWF模式形势场预报资料及ECMWF、JMA、T639模式降水预报资料,对2015年江西省汛期(4月上旬至7月上旬)区域性暴雨的时空分布特征进行分析,并对2015年江西省汛期区域性暴雨的影响系统和降水预报结果进行了短期主观检验,对比分析了ECMWF、JMA和T639等3种数值模式对江西省区域性暴雨系统预报的效果。结果表明:ECMWF模式对江西省汛期暴雨天气系统的调整和演变具有一定的预报能力,如对副热带高压和西南急流的预报;但随着预报时效增加,预报误差增大。ECMWF模式预报的48 h和72 h副热带高压强度较实况明显偏弱,预报的副热带高压西脊点位置偏东,随着季节转变预报的副热带高压强度明显偏弱,其中24 h预报的准确率较高。ECMWF模式对高空槽的预报基本准确;ECMWF模式对切变线移动的总体预报效果较好,72 h预报的切变线移动偏慢;ECMWF模式对700 hPa西南急流强度的预报易偏弱,对850 hPa和925 hPa西南急流的预报易偏强;ECMWF模式预报的急流轴位置多数偏北;ECMWF模式对低层比湿的预报较实况偏强。随着预报时效临近,ECMWF、JMA和T639等3种数值模式对江西省汛期区域性暴雨的预报具有较强的调整能力;JMA模式预报的暴雨与实况最接近,表现出对雨带分布具有较强的预报性能,但对降水量级预报偏弱;ECMWF模式对降水强度的预报性能较好,预报的降水分布总体偏北;T639模式预报的主雨带范围较实况偏大,3个模式均存在对暴雨以上量级降水漏报的问题。 相似文献
6.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(2)
利用24 h降水实况资料和高空实况形势场资料、ECMWF模式形势场预报资料及ECMWF、JMA、T639模式降水预报资料,对2015年江西省汛期(4月上旬至7月上旬)区域性暴雨的时空分布特征进行分析,并对2015年江西省汛期区域性暴雨的影响系统和降水预报结果进行了短期主观检验,对比分析了ECMWF、JMA和T639等3种数值模式对江西省区域性暴雨系统预报的效果。结果表明:ECMWF模式对江西省汛期暴雨天气系统的调整和演变具有一定的预报能力,如对副热带高压和西南急流的预报;但随着预报时效增加,预报误差增大。ECMWF模式预报的48 h和72 h副热带高压强度较实况明显偏弱,预报的副热带高压西脊点位置偏东,随着季节转变预报的副热带高压强度明显偏弱,其中24 h预报的准确率较高。ECMWF模式对高空槽的预报基本准确;ECMWF模式对切变线移动的总体预报效果较好,72 h预报的切变线移动偏慢;ECMWF模式对700 hPa西南急流强度的预报易偏弱,对850 hPa和925 hPa西南急流的预报易偏强;ECMWF模式预报的急流轴位置多数偏北;ECMWF模式对低层比湿的预报较实况偏强。随着预报时效临近,ECMWF、JMA和T639等3种数值模式对江西省汛期区域性暴雨的预报具有较强的调整能力;JMA模式预报的暴雨与实况最接近,表现出对雨带分布具有较强的预报性能,但对降水量级预报偏弱;ECMWF模式对降水强度的预报性能较好,预报的降水分布总体偏北;T639模式预报的主雨带范围较实况偏大,3个模式均存在对暴雨以上量级降水漏报的问题。 相似文献
7.
利用地面自动站降水资料、ERA5再分析资料、广西壮族自治区气象台降水落区和ECMWF模式预报数据对1415号台风"海鸥"在广西暴雨预报偏差进行了分析,并开展了地形降水订正研究.结果 表明,对"海鸥"强降水落区预报准确,但大暴雨以上量级降水明显偏弱,大暴雨和特大暴雨漏报严重.降水经地形订正后,大暴雨以上降水TS(BS)评分由0.19(0.27)大幅度提升到0.35(0.53)且暴雨及以下量级降水评分无明显改变,但地形降水订正方法对特大暴雨仍无明显订正技巧;偏南风、东北风及偏东风在广西复杂地形下均会产生地形降水,实际业务预报中应加以考虑,有助于提升对强降水开始时间的预报效果. 相似文献
8.
2021年9月16日预报夜间贵州西部将出现暴雨-大暴雨天气,实况以小到中雨、分散暴雨为主,本文利用常规及加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、ECMWF、CMA-GD、CMA-SH9等模式预报产品,对这次暴雨空报的原因进行探讨,结果如下：(1)本次暴雨-大暴雨空报的主要原因：副高夜间略北推增强,有利下沉气流增强,阻止切变线南下且消弱低层切变的强度;整体动力条件较差,低层辐合厚度、强度不够,且迅速转为辐散,涡度平流由正转负、上升运动较弱。(2)模式出现较明显误差：ECMWF错误预报副高夜间位置,切变线位置预报也有偏差,CMA-GD模式错误预报切变线位置;5家数值模式预报量级均偏大,其中CMA-GD、CMA-SH9及贵州WRF偏大明显,ECMWF的量级及落区预报和实况更为接近。(3)预报员过度相信ECMWF对切变线的位置预报、过度相信CMA-GD对极端降水的把握,忽视副高略北推增强、动力条件差导致的触发难度迅速加大,主观预报的优势没有发挥出来。 相似文献
9.
台风苏迪罗登陆次日分散性暴雨成因及预报着眼点 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用常规气象观测,卫星、雷达资料,数值模式和中央气象台定量降水预报数据以及FNL分析数据等对台风苏迪罗的定量降水预报进行检验,探讨台风登陆次日分散性暴雨成因和预报着眼点。苏迪罗登陆次日,暴雨分布相对较分散,各家数值模式对其把握均较差。NMC的24 h定量降水预报虽在模式基础上有较好订正,但仍存在明显的暴雨空、漏报现象:暴雨落区预报较实况偏南,导致南侧空报、北侧漏报。受环境场和台风非对称结构影响,强降水产生的有利动力、水汽条件均位于台风北侧和东部沿海地区。台风东北象限对流层低层存在两条强辐合带,其间为降水较弱的弱辐散和下沉运动区。预报员对台风结构的非对称性及风场的非均匀性把握不足,对台风中心附近和两条辐合带间的弱降水区预报偏强,造成暴雨空报。在地形作用下,浙江沿海不断有强降水产生,随后沿切线方向发展为螺旋雨带并逐渐北扩。预报员对地形不断强迫作用下降水沿螺旋雨带的发展及向外围的扩散没有预期,导致浙江北部暴雨漏报。台风登陆次日分散性暴雨的预报着眼点包括:台风非对称性、风场非均匀性、螺旋雨带发展及地形作用等。非对称性影响较大尺度的降水落区;低层风场非均匀的辐合带及急流分布则引起螺旋雨带的发展、演变,决定了台风的精细强降水落区。除地形对局地降水具有增幅作用外,强降水沿螺旋雨带的发展还会对下游地区产生影响。 相似文献
10.
高空西北气流下特大暴雨的预报误差分析及思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规及非常规气象资料、业务数值预报模式、GFS再分析资料(0.5°×0.5°),分析了2016年6月19日江西北部高空西北气流下特大暴雨环境场特征和数值模式误差,对比了相似形势的暴雨过程,找出业务预报误差较大的可能原因是对高空"干冷"西北气流南移、副热带高压北抬的速度、低空西南急流加强及前端辐合、上游移来短波槽、异常水汽条件的综合作用分析不到位,各类数值模式产品对降水落区预报偏北、强度预报偏弱也影响了预报员对暴雨的综合判断;给出了预报这类特大暴雨着眼点和预报概念模型以及订正模式降水的思路。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献