共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
Ki-Young Heo Kyung-Eak Kim Kyung-Ja Ha Kwang-Soon Park Ki-Cheon Jun Jae-Seol Shim Young-Sang Suh 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(4):437-452
This study aims to examine the favorable conditions for an ocean effect snowstorm across the Yellow Sea over the southwestern coast of Korea on 21 December 2005, using a coupled model with a Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System as the atmospheric component and the Regional Ocean Modeling System as the oceanic component. Simulation of heavy snowfall event, which was 44.3 cm of snow accumulated in 24-hour, was performed to investigate the mesoscale structure, dynamics and development mechanisms in the snowstorm. As a result from 48-hour integration, the results of simulation showed that barotropic instability and turbulent heat fluxes played important roles in the formation of snowstorm. The enhanced surface diabatic heating was dominant in the latent heat flux, and eventually induced convective instability. An additional factor was the favorable condition of synoptic environment, accessing the cold air transport by the approach of the upper-level cold vortex over the warm ocean. Besides these factors, conditional symmetric instability (CSI) is a mechanism which can result in a heavy snowfall with sufficient moisture and upward vertical motion. A slantwise convection from the release of CSI could support a complex snowfall event with heavier than expected amounts. The result comparison between a coupled model and an uncoupled model supports that airsea coupling has an impact of decreasing of about 10% in a snowfall amount on the snowstorm. 相似文献
2.
Soon-Hwan Lee Soo-Jin Hwang Chan-Su Ryu 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(3):355-367
In order to clarify the characteristics of Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) development and understand the impact of the trigger effect of isolated islands, observational and numerical analysis of the heavy rainfall were carried out over the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula on July 14, 2004. Satellite based remote sensing data and numerical model MM5 with observational data adjustment were used in this study. The MCS development, in this case, was accompanied not by directional wind shear, but by speed shear which was strongly associated with development of the updraft cloud. An inversion layer at a 750 hPa level is one of the fundamental factors in increasing instability. Effective separation of the upper and lower level atmospheric structure due to an inversion layer at a 750 hPa level creates a suitable condition to develop a MCS. According to numerical analysis it has been found that isolated islands located off the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula are not a principal factor in causing the heavy rainfall due to the evolution of MCS in this case. Transferable topographic forcing of the downwind side can often induce the variation of MCS intensity, while associated with the precipitation amount over the lee side of the isolated islands at a mature stage of MCS development. 相似文献
3.
Dong-Kyou Lee Dong-Hyun Cha Chun-Sil Jin Suk-Jin Choi 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(5):655-664
In this study, regional climate changes for seventy years (1980–2049) over East Asia and the Korean Peninsula are investigated using the Special Reports on Emission Scenarios (SRES) B1 scenario via a high-resolution regional climate model, and the impact of global warming on extreme climate events over the study area is investigated. According to future climate predictions for East Asia, the annual mean surface air temperature increases by 1.8°C and precipitation decreases by 0.2 mm day?1 (2030–2049). The maximum wind intensity of tropical cyclones increases in the high wind categories, and the intra-seasonal variation of tropical cyclone occurrence changes in the western North Pacific. The predicted increase in surface air temperature results from increased longwave radiations at the surface. The predicted decrease in precipitation is caused primarily by northward shift of the monsoon rain-band due to the intensified subtropical high. In the nested higher-resolution (20 km) simulation over the Korean Peninsula, annual mean surface air temperature increases by 1.5°C and annual mean precipitation decreases by 0.2 mm day?1. Future surface air temperature over the Korean Peninsula increases in all seasons due to surface temperature warming, which leads to changes in the length of the four seasons. Future total precipitation over the Korean Peninsula is decreased, but the intensity and occurrence of heavy precipitation events increases. The regional climate changes information from this study can be used as a fruitful reference in climate change studies over East Asia and the Korean peninsula. 相似文献
4.
WANG Donghai DUAN Yihong LIU Ying LIANG Zhaoming LIU Chongjian ZHAO Yanfeng ZHANG Yuwei YIN Jinfang WANG Hong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(5):601-625
A mixed rain-snow storm associated with a strong burst of cold air and development of an extratropical cyclone occurred over North China from 3 to 5 November 2012.This early snowfall event was characterized by a dramatic drop in temperature,strong winds,high precipitation intensity,broad spatial extent,and coexistence of multi-phase precipitating hydrometeors.This study investigates the multi-scale interactions between the large-scale circulation background and the synoptic-scale weather systems associated with the storm.The results are as follows.（1） The Arctic Oscillation （AO） had been in its negative phase long before the event,leading to southward advection of cold air into North China in advance of the storm.（2）The large-scale atmospheric circulation experienced a decreased number of long waves upstream of North China prior to the storm,resulting in reduced wave velocity and an almost stagnant low pressure system （extratropical cyclone） over North China.（3） An Ω-shaped blocking high over East Asia and the western Pacific obstructed the eastward movement of an upstream trough,allowing the corresponding surface cyclone to stabilize and persist over Beijing and its neighboring areas.This blocking high was a major factor in making this event a historically most severe precipitation event in autumn in Beijing for the past 60 years.（4） Baroclinic instability at lower levels gave rise to rapid development of the cyclone under the classical ＂second type＂ development mechanism for extratropical cyclones.（5） Moisture originated from the Yellow Sea entered the slowly-moving cyclone in a steady stream,creating fairly favorable water vapor supply for the heavy rainfall-snowfall,especially during the later stage of the cyclone development.（6） Moisture transport and frontal lifting triggered low-level instability and updrafts.Intensification of the front enhanced the vertical wind shear,causing conditional symmetric instability （CSI） to expand upward within the unstable lower troposphere,and to eventually gear into the CSI region of the upper troposphere,which facilitated the upward development of low-level updrafts. 相似文献
5.
张恒德 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(1):1-8
本文主要对2010年3月14日华北强降雪进行了模拟、诊断和特征分析。此次华北降雪在中、低层主要受西风槽、低涡及切变线影响,蒙古气旋东移加强、地面倒槽发展及东风廽流建立构成了有利地面天气形势,西北涡、强势的西南暖湿气流及稳定的环渤海高压对此次强降雪至关重要。垂直速度、散度、涡度、螺旋度的分布和演变反映出在此次降雪过程中,强降雪区出现了很强的辐合上升运动,降雪区上空螺旋度呈“下负上正”的垂直结构,螺旋度大值区对应强降雪中心;而锋生条件为降雪的形成和维持提供了一定的能量;相对湿度和水汽通量散度的分布说明强降雪区整层湿度较大,且水汽供应充足。 相似文献
6.
高原涡作为经常给我国带来暴雨等灾害的天气系统,其形成一般认为是通过感热和潜热自下而上激发的,然而,2013年5月下旬发生的一次引发其下游灾害性强降水的高原涡却是由对流层高层天气尺度低涡诱发的。为此,基于新发展的多尺度子空间变换和多尺度能量涡度方法以及ERA5再分析资料对其动力学过程进行了详尽的探讨,先将原始场重构到三个尺度子空间,即背景环流尺度子空间、天气尺度子空间和高频尺度子空间,重构场上首次显示此次过程生成于青藏高原西北侧,其成因为对流层高层基本气流尺度向天气尺度的跨尺度动能正则传输,即正压失稳,并且表现为从高层向下。在发展阶段,其能量最终来源为基本气流向天气尺度的有效位能传输和非绝热加热,然而这些过程只发生于涡旋低层的西侧。进一步分析发现,天气尺度内存在一个能量再分配“路径”:首先,低层西侧获得的有效位能转换为动能,西侧垂直的气压梯度力做功将低层获得动能向高层分配;在高层,水平的气压梯度力做功进而将西侧获得的动能向东侧分配;东侧垂直的气压梯度力做功再将动能向低层分配;至此,低层西侧获得的能量被分配到整个涡旋空间中,使得涡旋能够均匀发展。 相似文献
7.
干冷空气侵入在2005年12月山东半岛持续性降雪中的作用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用常规资料和NCEP再分析资料分析了2005年12月山东半岛持续强降雪事件发生的环流背景及干冷空气活动特征,并运用湿位涡和锋生理论,研究了干冷空气在降雪事件中的作用.分析表明:低层湿度场的演变可以很好地反映山东半岛地区降雪的变化,但降雪事件与高层干冷空气紧密相连.对流层高层高位涡区与相对湿度小值区相对应,干空气主要来源于北侧(高纬度)对流层高层.高位涡区与低湿区都向下向南伸展,与低层MPV1<0的湿对称不稳定区对应.强降雪是低层饱和湿空气受地形强迫、锋生强迫的抬升作用及湿对称不稳定能量释放的共同作用造成的,而干冷空气的侵入是锋生和不稳定能量释放的触发机制. 相似文献
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9.
李春芳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2001,24(3):18-20
利用阿勒泰地区6个气象台站在观测资料和常规天气图资料，分析了200年冬季降雪集中期和主要大暴雪过程发生时的天气形势特点，归纳起来有以下特点；（1）欧洲中高纬度高压脊形势稳定；（2）长时间受极涡底部强锋区控制；（3）南支系统活跃，暖湿气流向北输送明显；（4）地形作用。 相似文献
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11.
利用实况资料,分析了2004年12月20日-22日出现在华北地区的大到暴雪天气的干侵入特征,得出：a）此次降雪主要受中层切变线影响,降雪带与切变线相对应,强降雪中心就出现在切变线交汇的东南到东侧.b）此次降雪过程中,干冷空气主要来自对流层高层,分3路持续入侵,与3条切变线密切对应,而中低层西南和南2支暖湿气流在对流层中层耦合加强,与于冷空气交汇,产生强降雪;强降雪落区位于相对湿度梯度最大处的湿区一侧且有强风辐合的区域.c）随着中层切变线的东移发展,湿不稳定增强并向下延伸,高位涡区向东输送并向下传播,从而触发不稳定能量释放,导致强降雪.d）对流层高层持续的干侵入,使得中低层切变线稳定维持,有利于其前方西南急流的稳定加强和对流性不稳定的持续发展,是导致强降雪持续、增幅的重要原因. 相似文献
12.
一次大雪天气过程的多普勒雷达特征分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
利用常规天气资料、新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和改善的EVAD技术,从影响系统、多普勒雷达回波特征及大气动力学角度,详细分析了2006年2月6日出现在华北地区的大雪天气过程。结果表明：500hPa高空槽、850hPa“人”字型切变及地面气旋相配置是这次大雪天气过程的主要影响系统。在雷达有效探测范围内,随着0.7~1.1km高度上中尺度逆切变的出现和4.8km高度上西南急流的建立并向低层扩展,风场辐合明显加强,辐合层加厚,从而为强降雪的出现和维持提供了有利条件,且中尺度逆切变和西南急流存在的时间与强降雪出现及维持的时间有很好的对应。另外冷锋过境时风场辐合再次加强使得较强降雪继续维持。同时用改善的E-VAD技术计算了降雪不同阶段的大气平均散度和平均垂直速度。结果表明：中尺度逆切变系统和冷锋的出现均对应着明显的辐合和上升,辐合和上升又促使强降雪出现和维持,因而从大气动力学角度进一步证实了中尺度逆切变和冷锋的存在及其与强降雪的对应关系。 相似文献
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14.
Numerical experiments based on the WRF model were conducted to analyze the structure and evolution of the polar mesoscale cyclone developed over the Kara Sea on September 29-30, 2008. It was found that baroclinic instability in the lower troposphere and convective instability (including that due to the wind-induced surface heat exchange) did not play a significant role. Significant contribution was made by the downward advection of potential vorticity from the upper troposphere and by the conditional instability of second kind. It is demonstrated that if water phase transitions are not taken into account, the mesocyclone intensity is reduced by 7-20% and the time of its development increases by 4 hours. The advection of potential vorticity was not the only process causing the intensification of the lower potential vorticity anomaly associated with cyclonic circulation. 相似文献
15.
A. F. Nerushev M. A. Novitskii O. Yu. Kalinicheva L. K. Kulizhnikova L. I. Milekhin D. E. Chechin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(2):61-70
The dynamics of atmospheric characteristics in the zone of the cyclone which provoked the dangerous atmospheric phenomenon, the heavy snowfall over the center of the European part of Russia in April 2012, is studied using the data of surface and satellite measurements. Besides the observational data from the meteorological stations, the results are used of the measurement of meteorological variables at the high-altitude meteorological mast in Obninsk and of surface concentration of minor gas components. Revealed is a number of interesting features associated with the passage of the cyclone cloud system over the observational point: the dramatic air temperature drop throughout the 300-m layer of the atmosphere, the formation of intensive vertical motions, and the significant temporal variability of O3 and NO2 concentration. The intensity and the total amount of precipitation falling during the cyclone passage are determined using the data of optical measurements of SEVIRI, AVHRR, and MODIS instruments of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites. Demonstrated is the satisfactory agreement of the computed precipitation characteristics with the results of observations at the network of meteorological stations. 相似文献
16.
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The results of the present study prove that snowfall occurred due to the polar low (PL) in the Korean Peninsula and six cases of snowfall exceeding a snow... 相似文献
17.
In this paper, the Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM4) is used to investigate the explosive oceanic cyclone of 14-15 March 1988 over the warm Kuroshio Current. A series of numerical simulations on this cyclogenesis indicates that the favorable weather condi-tions and strong baroclinity in the low- and middle-level are essential to its explosive development. The explosive cyclogenesis occurred over a wide range of sea surface temperatures (SST’s), which was then characterized by strong baroclinity, the low-level jet (LLJ) was initially formed under the favorable atmospheric circulation and then this LLJ advected the moisture and heat northward for the explosive development of the cyclone, the LLJ played an important role in the process of cyclogenesis. Sensitivity experiments show that the latent heating was a key factor to explosive cyclogenesis, the latent heating deepened the short-wave trough, which resulted in the rapid intensification of the cyclone; while in the explosive intensification stage and continuous de-velopment stage, there was less contribution of local surface processes for the explosion of the cy?clone. 相似文献
18.
一次冬季江淮气旋逗点云区的雷达回波和气流结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2016年2月12—13日,受冷空气和江淮气旋暖锋锋生影响,山东出现一次极端暴雨雪天气过程,全省有42个站的降水突破同期历史记录。采用多种观测以及WRF模式模拟的热力学变量,基于拉格朗日方法的气流轨迹模式(HYSPLIT v4.9),分析了气旋逗点云区云系的演变特征、降水不同阶段气旋逗点云区气流结构和轨迹特征。结果表明:(1)江淮气旋逗点云区由4条带状回波合并发展形成,气旋形成后降水回波呈气旋式旋转、拉长,形成多条中尺度强降水带。(2)降雨阶段气旋逗点头从下到上主要由来自东海、黄海、日本海或内陆的边界层气团,来自中国南海和中南半岛的暖湿气团以及来自西亚和东欧的干冷气团组成。气旋逗点头内有3个降水区:北部和南部暖湿气团浅薄、层结稳定,为层状云降水区;中部暖湿气团深厚,中高层有条件性不稳定发展,为深厚的对流云降水区。气旋逗点头中南部的干冷空气来自高层的西亚气团,而剖面北部有来自中层(即青藏高原东部气团)的干冷空气,气团明显变性,对降水贡献大。(3)降雪阶段气旋逗点头从下到上主要由西伯利亚气团、东海气团、南海气团和孟加拉湾气团叠置而成。气旋逗点头西部层状降水区分两部分:北部为降雪区,南部为降雨区。降雪与降雨阶段的明显差别是冷湿的东海气团下面是否有西伯利亚冷气团。降雪区西伯利亚气团上空东海气团深厚,南海气团浅薄;降雨区南海气团深厚,东海气团浅薄。 相似文献
19.
一次孟加拉湾风暴Akash (0701) 对我国西南地区强降水过程的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
孟加拉湾地区是全球热带气旋频繁活动的海域之一,孟加拉湾风暴常对我国青藏高原和西南地区造成严重影响.孟加拉湾风暴Akash (0701) 于2007年5月15～17日引发了云南、广西等地一次持续性强降水过程.本文利用地面降水资料、NCEP(the National Centers for Atmospheric Prediction)/NCAR(the National Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料和JMA(Japan Meteorological agency)卫星TBB(Black Body Temperature)资料,研究Akash对我国西南地区这次强降水过程的影响.结果表明:这次强降水过程发生在Akash与青藏高原低槽密切配合的形势下.Akash登陆减弱期间其对流云团移上青藏高原,加强槽前云系引发强降水.受孟加拉湾风暴高层辐散影响,南亚高压加强并北上控制我国西南地区,这增强了降水区的高空辐散,有利于上升运动发展.同时孟加拉湾风暴为降水区提供了充足的水汽输送.降水区的水汽净流入、湿斜压性增长以及强烈条件性对称不稳定是这次强降水产生的有利条件.研究还发现,低纬高原地形对孟加拉湾风暴偏南风的强迫抬升加剧了降水区的上升运动,有助于强降水的产生. 相似文献
20.
The influences of interannual surface potential vorticity forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on East Asian summer rainfall (EASR) and upper-level circulation are explored in this study. The results show that the interannual EASR and associated circulations are closely related to the surface potential vorticity negative uniform leading mode (PVNUM) over the TP. When the PVNUM is in the positive phase, more rainfall occurs in the Yangtze River valley, South Korea, Japan, and part of northern China, less rainfall occurs in southern China, and vice versa. A possible mechanism by which PVNUM affects EASR is proposed. Unstable air induced by the positive phase of PVNUM could stimulate significant upward motion and a lower-level anomalous cyclone over the TP. As a result, a dipole heating mode with anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP and anomalous heating over the southeastern TP is generated. Sensitivity experiment results regarding this dipole heating mode indicate that anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP leads to local and northeastern Asian negative height anomalies, while anomalous heating over the southeastern TP leads to local positive height anomalies. These results greatly resemble the realistic circulation pattern associated with EASR. Further analysis indicates that the anomalous water vapor transport associated with this anomalous circulation pattern is responsible for the anomalous EASR. Consequently, changes in surface potential vorticity forcing over the TP can induce changes in EASR. 相似文献